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Fulltext Detecting local heterogeneity and ionization ability in the head group region of different lipidic phases using modified fluorescent probes

Abou-Zied OK, Zahid NI, Khyasudeen MF, Giera DS, Thimm JC, Hashim R

Sci Rep, 2015;5:8699.
PMID: 25731606 DOI: 10.1038/srep08699

Local heterogeneity in lipid self-assembly is important for executing the cellular membrane functions. In this work, we chemically modified 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and attached a C8 alkyl chain in two different locations to probe the microscopic environment of four lipidic phases of dodecyl β-maltoside. The fluorescence change in HBO and the new probes (HBO-1 and HBO-2) shows that in all phases (micellar, hexagonal, cubic and lamellar) three HBO tautomeric species (solvated syn-enol, anionic, and closed syn-keto) are stable. The formation of multi tautomers reflects the heterogeneity of the lipidic phases. The results indicate that HBO and HBO-1 reside in a similar location within the head group region, whereas HBO-2 is slightly pushed away from the sugar-dominated area. The stability of the solvated syn-enol tautomer is due to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group of the HBO moiety and an adjacent oxygen atom of a sugar unit. The detected HBO anions was proposed to be a consequence of this solvation effect where a hydrogen ion abstraction by the sugar units is enhanced. Our results point to a degree of local heterogeneity and ionization ability in the head group region as a consequence of the sugar amphoterism.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
Fulltext Physical activity, body composition and lipids changes in adolescents: analysis from the MyHeART Study

Majid HA, Amiri M, Mohd Azmi N, Su TT, Jalaludin MY, Al-Sadat N

Sci Rep, 2016 07 28;6:30544.
PMID: 27465116 DOI: 10.1038/srep30544

Insufficient physical activity and growing obesity levels among Malaysian adolescents are becoming a public health concern. Our study is to identify the trends of self-reported physical activity (PA) levels, blood lipid profiles, and body composition (BC) indices from a cohort of 820 adolescents. The self-reported PA was assessed using a validated Malay version of the PA Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Fasting blood samples were collected to investigate their lipid profiles. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences as well as body fat percentage were measured. The baseline and the first follow-up were conducted in 2012 and 2014, respectively. A downward trend in the PA level was seen in all categories with a significant reduction among all rural adolescents (P = 0.013) and more specifically, PA among girls residing in rural areas dropped significantly (P = 0.006). Either a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or a significant increment in BC indices (i.e., body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], hip circumference, and body fat percentage [BF %]) were seen in this group. Female adolescents experienced more body fat increment with the reduction of physical activity. If not intervened early, adolescents from rural areas may increase their risk of developing cardiovascular diseases earlier.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/blood*
Fulltext Metabolites Re-programming and Physiological Changes Induced in Scenedesmus regularis under Nitrate Treatment

Ma NL, Aziz A, Teh KY, Lam SS, Cha TS

Sci Rep, 2018 06 27;8(1):9746.
PMID: 29950688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27894-0

Nitrate is required to maintain the growth and metabolism of plant and animals. Nevertheless, in excess amount such as polluted water, its concentration can be harmful to living organisms such as microalgae. Recently, studies on microalgae response towards nutrient fluctuation are usually limited to lipid accumulation for the production of biofuels, disregarding the other potential of microalgae to be used in wastewater treatments and as source of important metabolites. Our study therefore captures the need to investigate overall metabolite changes via NMR spectroscopy approach coupled with multivariate data to understand the complex molecular process under high (4X) and low (1/4X) concentrations of nitrate ([Formula: see text]). NMR spectra with the aid of chemometric analysis revealed contrasting metabolites makeup under abundance and limited nitrate treatment. By using NMR technique, 43 types of metabolites and 8 types of fatty acid chains were detected. Nevertheless, only 20 key changes were observed and 16 were down regulated in limited nitrate condition. This paper has demonstrated the feasibility of NMR-based metabolomics approach to study the physiological impact of changing environment such as pollution to the implications for growth and productivity of microalgae population.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext In vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer effects of citral nanostructured lipid carrier on MDA MBA-231 human breast cancer cells

Nordin N, Yeap SK, Rahman HS, Zamberi NR, Abu N, Mohamad NE, et al.

Sci Rep, 2019 02 07;9(1):1614.
PMID: 30733560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38214-x

Very recently, we postulated that the incorporation of citral into nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC-Citral) improves solubility and delivery of the citral without toxic effects in vivo. Thus, the objective of this study is to evaluate anti-cancer effects of NLC-Citral in MDA MB-231 cells in vitro through the Annexin V, cell cycle, JC-1 and fluorometric assays. Additionally, this study is aimed to effects of NLC-Citral in reducing the tumor weight and size in 4T1 induced murine breast cancer model. Results showed that NLC-Citral induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in MDA MB-231 cells. Furthermore, a prominent anti-metastatic ability of NLC-Citral was demonstrated in vitro using scratch, migration and invasion assays. A significant reduction of migrated and invaded cells was observed in the NLC-Citral treated MDA MB-231 cells. To further evaluate the apoptotic and anti-metastatic mechanism of NLC-Citral at the molecular level, microarray-based gene expression and proteomic profiling were conducted. Based on the result obtained, NLC-Citral was found to regulate several important signaling pathways related to cancer development such as apoptosis, cell cycle, and metastasis signaling pathways. Additionally, gene expression analysis was validated through the targeted RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. In conclusion, the NLC-Citral inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro, majorly through the induction of apoptosis, anti-metastasis, anti-angiogenesis potentials, and reducing the tumor weight and size without altering the therapeutic effects of citral.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/chemistry*
Fulltext First evidence for a multienzyme complex of lipid biosynthesis pathway enzymes in Cunninghamella bainieri

Shuib S, Ibrahim I, Mackeen MM, Ratledge C, Hamid AA

Sci Rep, 2018 Feb 15;8(1):3077.
PMID: 29449592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21452-4

Malic enzyme (ME) plays a vital role in determining the extent of lipid accumulation in oleaginous fungi being the major provider of NADPH for the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS). We report here the first direct evidence of the existence of a lipogenic multienzyme complex (the lipid metabolon) involving ME, FAS, ATP: citrate lyase (ACL), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), pyruvate carboxylase (PC) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1. Cell-free extracts prepared from cells taken in both growth and lipid accumulation phases were prepared by protoplasting and subjected to Blue Native (BN)-PAGE coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A high molecular mass complex (approx. 3.2 MDa) consisting of the above enzymes was detected during lipid accumulation phase indicating positive evidence of multienzyme complex formation. The complex was not detected in cells during the balanced phase of growth or when lipid accumulation ceased, suggesting that it was transiently formed only during lipogenesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext The effects of trans fat diet intake on metabolic parameters and pancreatic tissue in offspring of prenatal bisphenol A exposed rats

Abulehia H, Mohd Nor NS, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Abdul Aziz M, Zulkifli S

Sci Rep, 2023 Jun 08;13(1):9322.
PMID: 37291156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36043-1

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticiser used in the manufacturing of many products and its effects on human health remain controversial. Up till now, BPA involvement in metabolic syndrome risk and development is still not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of prenatal BPA exposure with postnatal trans-fat diet intake on metabolic parameters and pancreatic tissue histology. Eighteen pregnant rats were divided into control (CTL), vehicle tween 80 (VHC), and BPA (5 mg/kg/day) from gestational day (GD) 2 until GD 21, then their weaning rat's offspring were fed with normal diet (ND) or trans-fat diet (TFD) from postnatal week (PNW) 3 until PNW 14. The rats were then sacrificed and the blood (biochemical analysis) and pancreatic tissues (histological analysis) were collected. Glucose, insulin, and lipid profile were measured. The study has shown that there was no significant difference between groups with regard to glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles (p > 0.05). All pancreatic tissues showed normal architecture with irregular islets of Langerhans in TFD intake groups compared to offspring that consumed ND. Furthermore, the pancreatic histomorphometry was also affected whereby the study findings revealed that there was a significant increase in the mean number of pancreatic islets in rats from BPA-TFD group (5.987 ± 0.3159 islets/field, p = 0.0022) compared to those fed with ND and BPA non-exposed. In addition, the results have found that prenatal BPA exposure resulted in a significant decrease in the pancreatic islets diameter of the BPA-ND group (183.3 ± 23.28 µm, p = 0.0022) compared to all other groups. In conclusion, prenatal BPA exposure with postnatal TFD in the offspring may affect glucose homeostasis and pancreatic islets in adulthood, and the effect may be more aggravated in late adulthood.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Influence of rutin and its combination with metformin on vascular functions in type 1 diabetes

David SR, Lai PPN, Chellian J, Chakravarthi S, Rajabalaya R

Sci Rep, 2023 Aug 01;13(1):12423.
PMID: 37528147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39442-6

The present work examined the effect of oral administration of rutin and its combination with metformin, an antidiabetic drug on blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides level and vascular function in streptozotocin (STZ) -induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Rutin and metformin were orally administered to diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively, for 4 weeks. Plasma analysis was conducted to determine changes in the plasma glucose and lipid levels. Rat aortic ring reactivity in response to endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine, ACh) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) relaxants, and to the α1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE) were recorded. Histology of pancreas, liver and kidney were evaluated. In results, rutin and metformin alone and in combination has led to significant improvements in blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to diabetic group. Diabetic aortic rings showed significantly greater contraction in response to PE, and less relaxation in response to ACh and SNP. Treatment with rutin and metformin in combination significantly reduced PE-induced contraction and increased ACh-induced and SNP-induced relaxation in diabetes when compared to rutin or metformin alone. Significant histological improvements were seen with combination therapy. In conclusion, rutin and metformin combination therapy has the most potentiality for restoring blood glucose and lipid level as well as vascular function.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/pharmacology
Fulltext Indication of high lipid content in epithelial-mesenchymal transitions of breast tissues

Sabtu SN, Sani SFA, Looi LM, Chiew SF, Pathmanathan D, Bradley DA, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 Feb 05;11(1):3250.
PMID: 33547362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81426-x

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial process in cancer progression and metastasis. Study of metabolic changes during the EMT process is important in seeking to understand the biochemical changes associated with cancer progression, not least in scoping for therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting EMT. Due to the potential for high sensitivity and specificity, Raman spectroscopy was used here to study the metabolic changes associated with EMT in human breast cancer tissue. For Raman spectroscopy measurements, tissue from 23 patients were collected, comprising non-lesional, EMT and non-EMT formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded breast cancer samples. Analysis was made in the fingerprint Raman spectra region (600-1800 cm-1) best associated with cancer progression biochemical changes in lipid, protein and nucleic acids. The ANOVA test followed by the Tukey's multiple comparisons test were conducted to see if there existed differences between non-lesional, EMT and non-EMT breast tissue for Raman spectroscopy measurements. Results revealed that significant differences were evident in terms of intensity between the non-lesional and EMT samples, as well as the EMT and non-EMT samples. Multivariate analysis involving independent component analysis, Principal component analysis and non-negative least square were used to analyse the Raman spectra data. The results show significant differences between EMT and non-EMT cancers in lipid, protein, and nucleic acids. This study demonstrated the capability of Raman spectroscopy supported by multivariate analysis in analysing metabolic changes in EMT breast cancer tissue.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids/analysis*
Fulltext Female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. mobilised energy differently for growth and reproduction according to living environment

Razali RS, Rahmah S, Shirly-Lim YL, Ghaffar MA, Mazelan S, Jalilah M, et al.

Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 05;14(1):2903.
PMID: 38316820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52864-0

This study was conducted to investigate the energy mobilisation preference and ionoregulation pattern of female tilapia, Oreochromis sp. living in different environments. Three different treatments of tilapia as physiology compromising model were compared; tilapia cultured in recirculating aquaculture system (RAS as Treatment I-RAS), tilapia cultured in open water cage (Treatment II-Cage) and tilapia transferred from cage and cultured in RAS (Treatment III-Compensation). Results revealed that tilapia from Treatment I and III mobilised lipid to support gonadogenesis, whilst Treatment II tilapia mobilised glycogen as primary energy for daily exercise activity and reserved protein for growth. The gills and kidney Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) activities remained relatively stable to maintain homeostasis with a stable Na+ and K+ levels. As a remark, this study revealed that tilapia strategized their energy mobilisation preference in accessing glycogen as an easy energy to support exercise metabolism and protein somatogenesis in cage culture condition, while tilapia cultured in RAS mobilised lipid for gonadagenesis purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Impact of a pharmacist led diabetes mellitus intervention on HbA1c, medication adherence and quality of life: A randomised controlled study

Butt M, Mhd Ali A, Bakry MM, Mustafa N

Saudi Pharm J, 2016 Jan;24(1):40-8.
PMID: 26903767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2015.02.023

Malaysia is situated in Western Pacific region which bears 36.17% of total diabetes mellitus population. Pharmacist led diabetes interventions have been shown to improve the clinical outcomes amongst diabetes patients in various parts of the world. Despite high prevalence of disease in this region there is a lack of reported intervention outcomes from this region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist led intervention on HbA1c, medication adherence, quality of life and other secondary outcomes amongst type 2 diabetes patients.
METHOD: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 73) attending endocrine clinic at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) were randomised to either control (n = 36) or intervention group (n = 37) after screening. Patients in the intervention group received an intervention from a pharmacist during the enrolment, after three and six months of the enrolment. Outcome measures such as HbA1c, BMI, lipid profile, Morisky scores and quality of life (QoL) scores were assessed at the enrolment and after 6 months of the study in both groups. Patients in the control group did not undergo intervention or educational module other than the standard care at UKMMC.
RESULTS: HbA1c values reduced significantly from 9.66% to 8.47% (P = 0.001) in the intervention group. However, no significant changes were noted in the control group (9.64-9.26%, P = 0.14). BMI values showed significant reduction in the intervention group (29.34-28.92 kg/m(2); P = 0.03) and lipid profiles were unchanged in both groups. Morisky adherence scores significantly increased from 5.83 to 6.77 (P = 0.02) in the intervention group; however, no significant change was observed in the control group (5.95-5.98, P = 0.85). QoL profiles produced mixed results.
CONCLUSION: This randomised controlled study provides evidence about favourable impact of a pharmacist led diabetes intervention programme on HbA1c, medication adherence and QoL scores amongst type 2 diabetes patients at UKMMC, Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext A review of maturation diets for mud crab genus Scylla broodstock: Present research, problems and future perspective

Azra MN, Ikhwanuddin M

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):257-67.
PMID: 26981008 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.011

Study of broodstock maturation diets is important in order to increase the quality of berried females, which indirectly improve the larval quantity in the hatchery production of cultured species. This paper reviewed the studies on the maturation diets for mud crab broodstock, genus Scylla and compared independently to identify their effect on reproductive performance and larval quality. The broodstock is usually caught from the wild and held in the spawning or maturation tank for further use of hatchery seed production. Mud crab broodstock was fed either natural diet, artificial diet or mixed diet. Trash fishes were commonly used as a natural feed for mud crab broodstock; meanwhile artificial diets are from formulated fish meal and various kinds of feed. The results indicated that mud crab broodstock has a high dietary requirement for lipids, fatty acids and protein which are to be used during the maturation and breeding processes. However, the natural diet produce better larval quality compared to the artificial diet. The mixed diet is the better diet which resulted in better reproductive performances such as growth, survival, fecundity and maturation processes. This review also discusses the problems in the previous studies for the potential future research to develop very high quality and cost-effective formulated diet for the enhancement of broodstock and seed production technology. Information from this review can be useful in developing a better quality of crustacean broodstock's diet for commercial hatchery production.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Batch culture and repeated-batch culture of Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 for lipid production as a comparative study

Dashti MG, Abdeshahian P

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):172-80.
PMID: 26980997 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.02.006

This research was performed based on a comparative study on fungal lipid production by a locally isolated strain Cunninghamella bainieri 2A1 in batch culture and repeated-batch culture using a nitrogen-limited medium. Lipid production in the batch culture was conducted to study the effect of different agitation rates on the simultaneous consumption of ammonium tartrate and glucose sources. Lipid production in the repeated-batch culture was studied by considering the effect of harvesting time and harvesting volume of the culture broth on the lipid accumulation. The batch cultivation was carried out in a 500 ml Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml of the fresh nitrogen-limited medium. Microbial culture was incubated at 30 °C under different agitation rates of 120, 180 and 250 rpm for 120 h. The repeated-batch culture was performed at three harvesting times of 12, 24 and 48 h using four harvesting cultures of 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%. Experimental results revealed that nitrogen source (ammonium tartrate) was fully utilized by C. bainieri 2A1 within 24 h in all agitation rates tested. It was also observed that a high amount of glucose in culture medium was consumed by C. bainieri 2A1 at 250 rpm agitation speed during the batch fermentation. Similar results showed that the highest lipid concentration of 2.96 g/L was obtained at an agitation rate of 250 rpm at 120 h cultivation time with the maximum lipid productivity of 7.0 × 10(-2) mg/ml/h. On the other hand, experimental results showed that the highest lipid concentration produced in the repeated-batch culture was 3.30 g/L at the first cycle of 48 h harvesting time using 70% harvesting volume, while 0.23 g/L gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) was produced at the last cycle of 48 h harvesting time using 80% harvesting volume.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Fulltext Efficacy of choline and DHA supplements or enriched environment exposure during early adult obesity in mitigating its adverse impact through aging in rats

Prabhu GS, Prasad K, K G MR, Rai KS

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2021 Apr;28(4):2396-2407.
PMID: 33911955 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.01.037

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of choline and DHA or exposure to environmental enrichment in obese adult and aging rats on alterations in body mass index, serum lipid profile and arterial wall changes, despite stopping high fat diet consumption and interventions during adulthood.
Methods: 21 day old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned as Experiment-1 & 2 - PND rats were divided into 4 groups with interventions for 7 months (n = 8/group). NC- Normal control fed normal chow diet; OB- Obese group, fed high fat diet; OB + CHO + DHA- fed high fat diet and oral supplementation of choline, DHA. OB + EE- fed high fat diet along with exposure to enriched environment .Experiment-2 had similar groups and interventions as experiment 1 but for next 5 months were fed normal chow diet without any interventions. Body mass index was assessed and blood was analyzed for serum lipid profile. Common Carotid Artery (CCA) was processed for Haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoff Vangeison stains. Images of tissue sections were analyzed and quantified using image J and tissue quant software.
Results: In experiment.1, mean body mass index (p

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in hyperglycemic patients and its associated factors among Pakistani population

Sarfraz M, Sajid S, Ashraf MA

Saudi J Biol Sci, 2016 Nov;23(6):761-766.
PMID: 27872574

In diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In type 2 diabetes mellitus early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia can avoid risk for cardiovascular disorder. The present study was carried to determine the prevalence and pattern of hyperlipidemia in patients with hyperglycemia. The cross sectional study was done in different laboratories of Pakistan, the laboratories served patients referred from different government and private hospitals between July 2014 and June 2015. All known cases of diabetes mellitus were evaluated for their lipid profile. Totally 200 diabetic patients were included in the study in which 120 (60%) were males and 80 (40%) were females. Prevalence of dyslipidemia among diabetic males was 97.18% while for females 87.15%. Among dyslipidemic male the proportion with mixed dyslipidemic patients was 17.5%, combined two parameters dyslipidemia was 47.5% and isolated single parameter dyslipidemia was 35%. In females these proportions in mixed, combined two parameters and isolated single parameter were 16.25%, 51.25% and 32.5%, respectively. Majority of hyperglycemic patients were dyslipidemic. The most prevalent pattern among male was combined dyslipidemia with high triglycerides (TG) and low High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and in female it was high Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and low HDL. The most prevalent lipid abnormality in our study was low HDL followed by high TG.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Composition and sources of sterols in Pulau Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia

Masni Mohd Ali, Norfariza Humrawali, Mohd Talib Latif, Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.

This study explores the role of sterols as lipid biomarkers to indicate their input which originates from various sources in the marine environment. Sterols and their ratios were investigated in sediments taken from sixteen sampling stations at Pulau Tinggi, Johor in order to assess the sources of organic matter. The compounds extracted from the sediments were quantified using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distributions of sterols indicated that organic matter at all sampling stations originated from a mixture of marine source and terrestrial origins at different proportions. A total of eleven sterols were quantified, with the major compounds being phytosterols (44% of total sterols), cholesterol (11%), brassicasterol (11%) and fecal sterols (12%).

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Toxicological evaluation of dried kacangma herb (Leonurus sibiricus) in rats

Chua HP, Aminah Abdullah, Murugaiyah M

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

Kacangma (Leonurus sibiricus L.) is a popular traditional herb that has been consumed for decades by the people of Sarawak as a herbal medicine or culinary ingredient. The toxicity of dried kacangma herb on Sprague Dawley male and female rats was evaluated through 90-day sub-chronic studies. The rats were fed kacangma at the rate of 0.5 (low dose), 5 (medium dose) and 25 (high dose) g/kg body weight. The control groups of rats received only the commercial rat pellet. Minor treatment-related effects were observed for body weights, organ weights and the lipid profile parameters and these did not appear to be of toxicological significance. In the sub-chronic toxicity studies, some indications of renal and liver toxicity were evident in the medium and high dose groups when plasma creatinine and liver enzymes were found to be higher when compared with the control and the low dose groups. The hematology study reveals statistically significant mild anemia in rats from the medium and high dose groups as indicated by decreases in hemoglobin, red blood cell count and packed cell volume (hematocrit value). Administration of kacangma herb at medium and high dose was also found to cause adverse effects in histopathological structure of the liver and kidney of both male and female rats. However, low dose group showed no significant differences compared to the control. Therefore, it is considered safe and less chance of developing toxicity if the herb is consumed at the dose of 0.5 g/kg body weight as observed throughout the 90 days period of sub-chronic study.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Oxidative stress-associated pathology: A review

Sarawoot Palipoch, Phanit Koohmin

Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1441-1451.

Currently, oxidative stress (OS) has become a major interest in point of basic science and clinical research. The imbalance between generations and clearances of oxidants leads to OS. Oxidants are mainly composed of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) which are manifested as oxidized macromolecules causing deleterious effects in several organs. Lipid, protein and DNA oxidation products can provide extensively approach of potential oxidative stress biomarkers. OS leads to the fundamental cellular and tissue damages and consequence effect to various organs or systems. This review emphasizes the systemic pathology induced by OS that particularly affect to specialized organs or systems including the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the lung, the liver and the kidney.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Keberkesanan ekstrak Hylocereus polyrhizus merendahkan lipid serum dan aras MDA-TBAR hati tikus teraruh hiperkolesterolemia

Halimah Abdullah Sani, Asmazila Baharoom, Muhammad Azam Ahmad, Isma Illyani Ismail

Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.

Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan suatu keadaan yang dikaitkan dengan perubahan aras lipid serum serta peningkatan aras peroksidaan lipid. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melihat kesan ekstrak akues isi dan kulit buah Hylocereus polyrhizus (HP) terhadap jumlah kolesterol dan trigliserid (TG) serum serta aras malonaldehid (MDA-TBAR) hati tikus teraruh hiperkolesterolemia. Tikus Sprague dawley jantan diaruh menjadi hiperkolesterolemia dengan pemberian diet rat chow bersama 15% minyak sapi selama 8 minggu dan 0.02 g kolesterol secara suap paksa dua kali seminggu. Tikus-tikus diberi perlakuan ekstrak isi dan kulit buah HP, 300 mg/kg secara suap paksa selama 10 hari. Hasil menunjukkan aras kolesterol menurun secara signifikan (p<0.05) pada kedua-dua kumpulan hiperkolesterolemia yang diberi rawatan ekstrak isi dan kulit buah HP sebanyak 43.53% dan 51.36% berbanding tikus kawalan hiperkolesterolemia. Aras TG menunjukkan penurunan secara signifikan (p<0.05) sebanyak 38.0% bagi kumpulan tikus yang diberi rawatan ekstrak isi dan 42.98% bagi rawatan dengan ekstrak kulit buah HP. Peningkatan aras MDA-TBAR hati telah direncat dengan penurunan aras MDA-TBAR sebanyak 56.85% bagi kumpulan tikus yang diberi ekstrak kulit serta sedikit penurunan iaitu 10.27% bagi tikus yang diberi ekstrak isi berbanding tikus kawalan hiperkolesterolemia. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua ekstrak akues isi dan kulit buah HP merendahkan aras lipid serum serta aras MDA-TBAR hati pada tikus teraruh hiperkolesterolemia. Walau bagaimanapun, kesan ekstrak kulit lebih jelas berbanding ekstrak isi yang mungkin disebabkan oleh kandungan betasianin yang lebih tinggi dalam kulit berbanding isi buah HP.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Variasi dan sumber sterol di Kuala Selangor, Selangor

Masni Mohd Ali, Norfariza Humrawali, Mohd Talib Latif

Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.

Kajian ini adalah mengenai peranan sterol sebagai penunjuk bio-lipid untuk mengenal pasti variasi dan sumber bahan organik yang hadir bersama sedimen permukaan dari Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Kajian melibatkan kaedah pengekstrakan sterol daripada sampel sedimen dan seterusnya dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS untuk menentukan kehadiran sebatian tersebut. Sepuluh sebatian sterol dikenal pasti hadir dengan fitosterol merupakan sebatian dominan di kawasan kajian iaitu 79% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol. Ini diikuti oleh kolesterol serta sterol kumbahan masing-masing menyumbangkan 6% daripada jumlah keseluruhan sterol manakala selebihnya berada dalam julat 1-5%. Indeks Sumber Sterol (SSI) juga menunjukkan kandungan fitosterol yang tinggi walaupun hadir pada kadar yang berbeza di setiap stesen pensampelan. Penilaian pencemaran kumbahan menggunakan nisbah koprostanol/kolesterol, koprostanol/(koprostanol+kholestanol) serta epikoprostanol/koprostanol menunjukkan kawasan kajian tidak mengalami pencemaran kumbahan walaupun sterol daripada sumber kumbahan hadir di persekitarannya. Kesimpulannya sedimen permukaan di Kuala Selangor, Selangor mengandungi campuran sterol daripada pelbagai sumber yang hadir di persekitarannya dengan didominasi oleh fitosterol yang berasal daripada tumbuhan terestrial.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids
Nutritional composition and lipid oxidation stability of beef patties packed with biodegradable and non-biodegradable materials

Lim S, Wan Rosli W

Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1197-1203.

Long term environmental problems of non-biodegradable plastic, the need to conserve finite fossil fuels and the impact of globalization of food supply are some of the driving forces in looking towards biodegradable plastics as an alternative to the existing petrochemical-based polymers for food packaging application. The stability of nutritional composition, lipid oxidation, physical traits of beef patties packed with different types of plastics and the surface morphology of plastics after 3 months of frozen storage (-18 were studied. Beef patties were packed with either non-biodegradable high density polyethylene (PE), hydro-biodegradable low density polyethylene/ thermoplastic sago starch plastic (PEs), hydro-biodegradable polylactic acid plastic (PIA) or oxo-biodegradable plastic (oxo)). There were no differences in most of the nutrients analyzed and lipid oxidation values of beef patties packed with either biodegradable or non-biodegradable plastics after storage. There were significant (p decreased in fat for cooked patties and moisture for both raw and cooked patties. Lipid oxidation indices of beef patties increased after storage but they were not significant (p Beef patties packed with biodegradable packaging materials were able to retain moisture without jeopardizing the diameter reduction during storage. In summary, the application of biodegradable plastics for packing beef patties was considered acceptable and can be suggested as an alternative packaging item to replace conventional polyethylene plastic packaging.

Matched MeSH terms: Lipids

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