Methods: We used a 128-child ERP net for the ERP experiment. Two types of stimuli were presented as either congruent or incongruent stimuli. Congruent stimuli included a matching auditory sound with an animal image, whereas incongruent stimuli included unmatched animal sounds. A total of 24 age-matched children were recruited in the control (n = 12) and dyslexia (n = 12) groups. Children pressed button '1' or '2' when presented with congruent or incongruent stimuli, respectively. The P300 amplitudes and latencies with topographic voltage distribution were analysed for both groups.
Results: The dyslexia group evoked significantly higher P300 amplitudes at the T4 area than the control group. No significant differences were found in cases of P300 latency. Moreover, the dyslexia group demonstrated a higher intensity of P300 voltage distribution in the right parietal and left occipital areas than the control group.
Conclusion: Post-attentive integration for children with dyslexia is higher and that this integration process implicated the parietal and occipital areas.
METHOD: The dispensing system is based on an Arduino circuit breadboard where an ATmega328p microcontroller was pre-installed. To sense the proximity, a light-dependent resistor (LDR) is used where the laser light is to be blocked after the placement of human hands, hence produced a sharp decrease in the LDR sensor value. Once the LDR sensor value exceeds the lower threshold, the pump is actuated by the microcontroller, and the sanitizer dispenses through the nozzle.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A novel design and subsequent fabrication of a low-cost, touchless, automated sanitizer dispenser to be used in public places, was demonstrated. The overall performance of the manufactured device was analyzed based on the cost and power consumption, and environmental factors by deploying it in busy public places as well as in indoor environment in major cities in Bangladesh, and found to be more efficient and cost-effective compared to other dispensers available in the market. A comprehensive discussion on this unique design compared to the conventional ultrasonic and infra-red based dispensers, is presented to show its suitability over the commercial ones. The guidelines of the World Health Organization are followed for the preparation of sanitizer liquid. A clear demonstration of the circuitry connections is presented herein, which facilitates the interested individual to manufacture a cost-effective dispenser device in a relatively short time and use it accordingly. Conclusion: This study reveals that the LDR-based automated hand sanitizer dispenser system is a novel concept, and it is cost-effective compared to the conventional ones. The presented device is expected to play a key role in contactless hand disinfection in public places, and reduce the spread of infectious diseases in society.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of CIMT with CST in ISSNHL.
METHODS: We performed a systematic search, using specific keywords relevant to our study, in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and additional sources of published trials till December 2020. We then screened all search results obtained according to our inclusion/exclusion criteria and performed a quality assessment on all studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and using MedCalc, a meta-analysis was performed on suitable studies.
RESULTS: The recovery rates of three included nonrandomized studies were assessed at 1 to 3 months. A total of 229 (CST: 131, CST + CIMT: 98) patients were pooled for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis using the random-effect model found the relative risk of recovery rate within 3 months to be 1.213 (95% confidence interval 0.709-2.074), a result that is not statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Although our analysis results do not demonstrate the noticeable effect of CIMT in ISSNHL, it can support be a gainful adjunct to CST for better hearing results than CST alone. Therefore, it needs further prospective randomized controlled multicenter trials with a large sample.