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Diversity and human perceptions of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) in Southeast Asian megacities

Sing KW, Wang WZ, Wan T, Lee PS, Li ZX, Chen X, et al.

Genome, 2016 Oct;59(10):827-839.
PMID: 27327818

Urbanization requires the conversion of natural land cover to cover with human-constructed elements and is considered a major threat to biodiversity. Bee populations, globally, are under threat; however, the effect of rapid urban expansion in Southeast Asia on bee diversity has not been investigated. Given the pressing issues of bee conservation and urbanization in Southeast Asia, coupled with complex factors surrounding human-bee coexistence, we investigated bee diversity and human perceptions of bees in four megacities. We sampled bees and conducted questionnaires at three different site types in each megacity: a botanical garden, central business district, and peripheral suburban areas. Overall, the mean species richness and abundance of bees were significantly higher in peripheral suburban areas than central business districts; however, there were no significant differences in the mean species richness and abundance between botanical gardens and peripheral suburban areas or botanical gardens and central business districts. Urban residents were unlikely to have seen bees but agreed that bees have a right to exist in their natural environment. Residents who did notice and interact with bees, even though being stung, were more likely to have positive opinions towards the presence of bees in cities.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext Can butterflies cope with city life? Butterfly diversity in a young megacity in southern China

Sing KW, Dong H, Wang WZ, Wilson JJ

Genome, 2016 Sep;59(9):751-61.
PMID: 27314400 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0192

During 30 years of unprecedented urbanization, plant diversity in Shenzhen, a young megacity in southern China, has increased dramatically. Although strongly associated with plant diversity, butterfly diversity generally declines with urbanization, but this has not been investigated in Shenzhen. Considering the speed of urbanization in Shenzhen and the large number of city parks, we investigated butterfly diversity in Shenzhen parks. We measured butterfly species richness in four microhabitats (groves, hedges, flowerbeds, and unmanaged areas) across 10 parks and examined the relationship with three park variables: park age, park size, and distance from the central business district. Butterflies were identified based on wing morphology and DNA barcoding. We collected 1933 butterflies belonging to 74 species from six families; 20% of the species were considered rare. Butterfly species richness showed weak negative correlations with park age and distance from the central business district, but the positive correlation with park size was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Among microhabitat types, highest species richness was recorded in unmanaged areas. Our findings are consistent with others in suggesting that to promote urban butterfly diversity it is necessary to make parks as large as possible and to set aside areas for limited management. In comparison to neighbouring cities, Shenzhen parks have high butterfly diversity.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
The distribution of urban population and income: explorations using six Asian cases

Chakravorty S

GeoJournal, 1993 Feb;29(2):115-24.
PMID: 12318386

"Urban concentration (or primacy) and inequality (in size distribution of income) are expected to follow bell shaped curves through the development process. Spatial convergence (through investments in transportation etc.) is expected to precede income convergence. Using longitudinal data from six Asian countries (Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and India) this paper shows that (i) the bell shapes for urban concentration and income inequality generally hold, and (ii) the temporal relationship between the curve peaks is determined by geographical factors (for urban concentration); income inequality is seen to be more policy amenable."

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
Fulltext A Novel International Partnership for Actionable Evidence on Urban Health in Latin America: LAC-Urban Health and SALURBAL

Diez Roux AV, Slesinski SC, Alazraqui M, Caiaffa WT, Frenz P, Jordán Fuchs R, et al.

Glob Chall, 2019 Apr;3(4):1800013.
PMID: 31565372 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.201800013

This article describes the origins and characteristics of an interdisciplinary multinational collaboration aimed at promoting and disseminating actionable evidence on the drivers of health in cities in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Network for Urban Health in Latin America and the Caribbean and the Wellcome Trust funded SALURBAL (Salud Urbana en América Latina, or Urban Health in Latin America) Project. Both initiatives have the goals of supporting urban policies that promote health and health equity in cities of the region while at the same time generating generalizable knowledge for urban areas across the globe. The processes, challenges, as well as the lessons learned to date in launching and implementing these collaborations, are described. By leveraging the unique features of the Latin American region (one of the most urbanized areas of the world with some of the most innovative urban policies), the aim is to produce generalizable knowledge about the links between urbanization, health, and environments and to identify effective ways to organize, design, and govern cities to improve health, reduce health inequalities, and maximize environmental sustainability in cities all over the world.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Universal Coverage of Hypertension Treatment Services in Malaysia Is Still an Elusive Goal

Ng CW, Shahari MR, Mariapun J, Hairi NNM, Rampal S, Mahal A

Health Syst Reform, 2017 Jul 03;3(3):159-170.
PMID: 31514671 DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2017.1342746

An analysis of population coverage of hypertension treatment services can be used to make inferences about the performance of primary care services within health systems. Malaysia, an upper middle-income country, has a well-established primary care system but one that favors rural populations and provision of services for maternal and child health and infectious diseases. Demographic factors including rapid aging, urbanization, as well as lifestyle changes characteristic of a modernizing society have led to an increase in noncommunicable diseases, including hypertension. In this article, we used data from a nationally representative household health survey to develop service coverage indicators for hypertension screening and treatment services. The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension was estimated to be 33.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33.9, 33.9). Only 39.0% (95% CI, 37.5, 40.6) of adults with hypertension had been diagnosed by a medical practitioner, 35.7% had been on treatment, and 9.6% had blood pressure controlled under treatment. The diagnosis, treatment, and controlled treatment coverage were higher for older persons compared to younger persons. There were no differences in the diagnosis and treatment coverage between urban and rural areas and between ethnic groups. However, controlled treatment coverage was higher among Chinese and those living in urban areas. Our findings suggest that primary care services in Malaysia may need to intensify health education activities to promote screening services. There is also a need to reprioritize activities to provide regular community health screening of adults and increase access to affordable primary care services, especially in the urban areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Development and evaluation of a digital, community-based intervention to reduce noncommunicable disease risk in a low-resource urban setting in Malaysia: a research protocol

Kataria I, Ngongo C, Lim SC, Kocher E, Kowal P, Chandran A, et al.

Implement Sci Commun, 2020;1:87.
PMID: 33033807 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00080-y

Background: Noncommunicable disease burden is rising in Malaysia, accounting for 72% of all deaths. Urbanization and globalization have contributed to changing patterns of diet and physical activity, creating an obesogenic environment that increases noncommunicable disease risk, especially in low-income populations. Community-based and technological interventions can play an important role in addressing structural determinants that influence noncommunicable disease burden. The Better Health Programme Malaysia aims to co-create and develop a community-based digital intervention for low-income populations to enable community stakeholders to address obesogenic environments and improve people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to noncommunicable disease risk.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study will assess community member and community health volunteer knowledge, attitudes, and practices on noncommunicable disease prevention, risk factors, and health-seeking behavior in three geographical areas of Kuala Lumpur, each representing a different ethnicity (Malay, Indian, and Chinese). Assessment will take place before and after a 9-month intervention period, comparing intervention areas with matched control geographies. We plan to engage 2880 community members and 45 community health volunteers across the six geographic areas. A digital health needs assessment will inform modification of digital health tools to support project aims. Intervention co-creation will use a discrete choice experiment to identify community preferences among evidence-based intervention options, building from data collected on community knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Community health volunteers will work with local businesses and other stakeholders to effect change in obesogenic environments and NCD risk. The study has been approved by the Malaysian Ministry of Health Medical Research Ethical Committee.
Discussion: The Better Health Programme Malaysia anticipates a bottom-up approach that relies on community health volunteers collaborating with local businesses to implement activities that address obesogenic environments and improve community knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to NCD risk. The planned co-creation process will determine which interventions will be most locally relevant, feasible, and needed. The effort aims to empower community members and community health volunteers to drive change that improves their own health and wellbeing. The learnings can be useful nationally and sub-nationally in Malaysia, as well as across similar settings that are working with community stakeholders to reduce noncommunicable disease risk.
Trial registration: National Medical Research Register, Malaysia; NMRR-20-1004-54787 (IIR); July 7, 2020.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext Dengue incidence and the prevention and control program in Malaysia

Rose Nani Mudi

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2015;14(1):5-9.
MyJurnal

The trend of dengue incidence in the regions and many countries has shown an increasing trend for the past few decades. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the incidence increased dramatically over the last 50 years and that dengue virus infections expanded to new countries, and from urban to rural settings. Malaysia is one of the countries that experience similar situation. The trend of dengue incidence in Malaysia has continued to increase since 2001 until 2014. In 2001, the dengue incidence rate (IR) was 72 cases in 100,000 population and progressively increased to 361 cases in 100,000 populations in 2014. There were temporary decrease of the incidence rate in 2011 and 2012 to 69.9 and 76 cases per 100,000 populations. Despite the close monitoring and continuous efforts from the Ministry of Health and Municipals to conduct the prevention and control activities, the number of dengue cases continues to increase due to multiple uncontrolled factors. There are at least five major factors that influence the transmission of dengue disease which include the dengue virus, the human as the host, the environmental condition such as cleanliness, the vectors and its behavior and the climate change. Due to these multiple factors that influence the disease pathophysiology and transmission of dengue virus, the control of mosquito-borne viral infection is very challenging and different from managing other infectious diseases. In addition, the rapid urbanization, population growth and human behavior together with international travel, making the control of dengue transmission even more difficult. Based on the circumstances, Ministry of Health Malaysia has implemented the intergrated strategy for dengue prevention and control program in the National Dengue Strategic Plan (NDSP) since 2011. There are seven strategies included in the NDSP which is strengthening of the dengue surveillance, practicing intergrated vector management, emphasizing on the dengue case management, social and community mobilization towards the prevention activity, ensuring rapid response in managing the dengue outbreak and developing new innovative method through dengue research. Most of the factors that contribute to the occurrence of dengue cases are difficult to be controlled and these leave with only manipulation and intervention with the environment, vector control and changing the human behavior for the prevention and control of dengue.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice on breastfeeding in Klang, Malaysia

Tan KL

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(1):17-21.
MyJurnal

Introduction: In Klang, a district in the state of Selangor in Peninsular Malaysia, the effects of westernization and urbanization in recent years have had an impact on infant feeding. The objective of this study was to evaluate the practice, knowledge and attitude to breastfeeding and to assess factors associated with breastfeeding among women in Klang, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and October 2006 involving 220 women with infants aged six months from two randomly selected health clinics were selected and interviewed. Data on socio-demographic, infant factors, infant feeding in the first six months of life, knowledge and attitude towards breastfeeding were collected. Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by 32.8%, mixed feeding was reported by 14.5% and infant formula feeding was reported by 52.7% of the respondents. Chinese women were more likely not to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to Malay women (odds ratio 18.27, 95% CI: 3.95, 84.54) while working women were more likely not to practice exclusive breastfeeding compared to non working women (odds ratio 3.75, 95% CI: 1.64 , 8.55). Positive association with not exclusive breastfeeding included women with high household income and women with male infants. Malaysian women had a positive attitude but work place and short maternity leave had a negative impact on breastfeeding. Conclusion: Women of Chinese ethnicity, working, from high family income and with male infants were less likely to exclusively breastfeed. Adopting facilitatory measures at hospitals and work place could increase the rate of exclusive breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext The Double-Edged Sword of Urbanization and Its Nexus with Eco-Efficiency in China

Yue L, Xue D, Draz MU, Ahmad F, Li J, Shahzad F, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020 01 09;17(2).
PMID: 31936543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020446

Urbanization has made tremendous contributions to China's economic development since its economic reforms and opening up. At the same time, population agglomeration has aggravated environmental pollution and posed serious challenges to China's environment. This article empirically investigates the impacts of China's urbanization on eco-efficiency, comprehensively reflecting economic growth, resource input, and waste discharge. We first measured the provincial eco-efficiency in China from 2005 to 2015 using the Super Slack-Based model (Super-SBM). We then constructed a spatial model to empirically analyze the effects of urbanization on eco-efficiency at the national level, and at four regional levels. The results indicated that the regional eco-efficiency in China has fluctuated, but is generally improving, and that a gap between regions was evident, with a trend toward further gap expansion. We observed an effect of spatial spillover in eco-efficiency, which was significant and positive for the whole country, except for the western region. The influence of urbanization on China's eco-efficiency exhibited a U-curve relationship. The changing trend in the eastern, central, and western regions was the same as that in the whole country; however, the trend exhibited an inverted U-curve relationship in the northeastern region. To the best of our knowledge, covering a time period of 2005-2015, this article is the first of its kind to study the impact of urbanization on eco-efficiency in China at both the national and regional levels. This study may help policy-makers to create sustainable policies that could be helpful in balancing urbanization and the ecological environment.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
Malaysian society and health: issues and challenges in the 21st century

Wong YL, Mohd Amin J

JUMMEC, 2005;8:53-58.

Malaysia, like many aspiring developing countries, is undergoing a health transition that has seen the concomitant decrease in communicable diseases and increase in chronic diseases due to urbanization, modernization and ageing population. Health in the Malaysian society will thus increasingly focus on emerging problems that are both chronic and infectious in nature, such as, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, mental health, hepatitis and HIV/AIDS. Re-emerging diseases previously well-controlled, such as, tuberculosis for instance is another addition to these immediate health issues facing Malaysian society today. Despite the tremendous health gains and above average health status that Malaysians now enjoy, we are compelled to take stock of these urgent issues as well as to anticipate and handle serious challenges to our health in the 21st century. In this paper, we review the changing trends and discuss related challenges in disease pattern, environmental health, demographic impacts on health, migration influxes and health, effects of globalization on health, mental health and wellness as well as fundamental access and equality in health care. Being proactive, resilient and innovative, Malaysian society would forge ahead towards our Vision for Health in this new era. KEYWORDS: Society and health, health trends and issues, Vision for Health, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Lifestyle practices and prevalence of obesity in a community within a university campus

Moy FM, Atiya AS

JUMMEC, 2005;8:33-38.

Malaysia has undergone rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization in recent decades and this has brought about imminent changes in the lifestyle of Malaysians. This is a cross-sectional study which attempts to examine the lifestyle practices and the prevalence of obesity of a group of security guards and their spouses of the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Data collection was conducted by both the methods of face-to-face interview and self-administered questionnaire. The respondents were surveyed on lifestyle practices such as smoking habits, exercise and eating pattern. Anthropometric measurement such as weight and height were also taken to establish the extend of obesity by using Body Mass Index (BMI). This study reveals that the community did have some unhealthy lifestyle practices such as smoking (27.7%; 95%CI 20.2%, 36.2%), low prevalence of adequate exercise (13.8%; 95%CI 8.4%, 21.0%); high prevalence of overweight and obesity (64%; 95%CI 55.1%, 72.3%); and high prevalence of co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, the community is considered to be a vulnerable and high-risk group for morbidity and mortality with the above predisposed risk factors. KEYWORDS: Lifestyle practices, overweight and obesity

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Immigrant Health Study. 7. Foreign workers study: blood parasites. [Abstract]

Khairul Anuar A, Rohela M, Zurainee MN, Abdul Aziz A, Sivanandan S

JUMMEC, 1998;3:63-63.

Lymphatic filariasis is endemic in Asia. The infections persist as a major cause of clinical morbidity and a significant impediment to socioeconomic development. Its prevalence is increasing world wide, largely because of rapid unplanned urbanization in many endemic areas. It is estimated that at least 120 million people are infected. In our study on foreign workers, a total of 241 day time blood samples were collected. The countries represented were Bangladesh (134), Indonesia (103), Pakistan (3) and Myanmar(1). The tests conducted on blood samples were thick blood film for microfilaria and thin blood film for malaria and quantitation of eosinophiles using the Giemsa stain. Out of the 241 blood samples tested, one was positive for Wuchereria bancrofti and one other was positive for malaria (Plasmodium falciparum) each from Bangladesh and Indonesia respectively. As for the blood eosinophiles, 39 (16.18%) blood samples showed high eosinophilia. Fifteen (6.22%) were from Banglandesh and 24 (9.96%) were from Indonesia. The Bangladeshi male who was positive for Witcherrria bamuofti also showed eosinophilia of 22%. We believe that some of these cases with high eosinophilia, may be positive for microfilaria. We may have missed some cases because of the methodology we chose. Lymphatic filariasis is endemic in Bangladesh and Indonesia. In Malaysia W. brancrofti, especially in the cities have been eliminated. However their vectors for the transmission of W. bancrofti is rampant in the cities. With the influx of immigrants with W. bancrofti and in relation to their occupational nature, W. bancrofti may eventually be introduced into the community and change the whole facet of the disease in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext Municipal solid waste characteristics in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johore, Malaysia

Edward Hingha Foday Jr, Nurul As'shikin Ramli, Hairu Nabilah Ismail, Nulhazwany Abdul Malik, Hazlami Fikri Basri, Fatihah Syahirah Abdul Aziz, et al.

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2017;38(1):13-20.
MyJurnal

Malaysia is one of the developing countries that are facing an increase population
with an increasing and significant generation of waste. Environmental problems may
arise when the solid waste management is improper. The rate of generation is
increasing and the composition is also changing as the nation becomes more
urbanized and industrialized. The objective of this study is to present the data of
municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Taman Universiti, Skudai, Johor Bahru,
Malaysia. The composition of MSW was studied by segregating it into different
components such as food waste, paper, glass, plastics, metal and tin aluminums. It
was observed that Taman Universiti area produced around 40% plastics waste which
was the highest component compared to other waste, followed by food waste and
papers with 38.2% and 21% respectively. Meanwhile, food waste was recorded the
highest moisture content with 38.2% while glass had the lowest moisture content
with 0.4%. The reliable estimate of MSW generated is important for proper waste
management planning. These data could enhance in implementation of waste
management system in that area.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext Mathematical modelling of dengue pattern in Penang, Malaysia

Norzaida Abas, Rafidah Mohd Shamsuddin, Noor Shazwani Osman, Syafrina Abd. Halim

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2017;37(1):9-15.
MyJurnal

Dengue fever is an endemic disease in many tropical and subtropical regions. In
Malaysia, it is the leading public health challenge despite the extensive intervention
programs by the related authorities. Distribution of dengue cases in Malaysia varies
according to states and districts where cases are more distinct in urban and suburban
areas. Preparedness strategies of dengue cases could be more successful with some
comprehensive and technical analysis on disease incidences. Hence, the present study
analyses dengue cases using mathematical modelling in the state of Penang, one of the
more urbanised state. In particular, two time series models are fitted to the dengue
data from the region in order to identify the mathematical model that best describe
the data. Results show that both proposed models are able to represent the cases
rather well; however numerical inspection revealed that Double Exponential
Smoothing method is the better choice. Subsequently, the identified model is used to
make forecasting on the number of expected cases. Results show that dengue cases in
Penang are expected to increase gradually.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext Malaysian construction industry: trends of occupational accidents from 2006 to 2015

Nur Nadia Adila Abdul Halim, Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Kadir Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Mohd Haizzan Yahaya

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):35-54.
MyJurnal

The construction industry is one of the largest sectors in Malaysia. This industry has become one of the main contributors
for national economic development and consistently contributes 3% to 5% to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This
sector has also opened up job opportunities for various levels of employment. High demands and rapid urbanization offer huge
opportunities for registered contractors. Despite contributing in enhancing national economics, this sector has been regarded as one
of the most dangerous and hazardous workplaces due to the type of nature and the job activities at construction sites. According to
the International Labour Organization (ILO), 2.3 million fatalities related to occupational accidents and illnesses are estimated to
occur each year. Furthermore, 4 percent of world GDP is estimated to be lost due to occupational accidents and illnesses. The number
of fatality accidents in the construction industry was the highest with 652 cases of non-permanent disability (NPD) and permanent
disability (PD) accidents in the period 2007 to 2015, equivalent to 72.44 cases per year and representing 48.77% of the construction
industry. The huge gap between the number of accidents reported to SOCSO and DOSH becomes a major concern due to a rising
number of underreported cases of fatalities and injury in the construction sector, especially those involving foreign labour. The margin
between accidents reported to SOCSO and DOSH is 97.49%. Regards to rapid developments, safety measures to improve performance
management of OSH should be emphasized to reduce losses of life, property and productivity.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Urbanization of the Malays since independence: evidence from West Malaysia, 1957 and 1970

Rimmer PJ, Cho GC

J Southeast Asian Stud, 1981 Sep;12(2):349-63.
PMID: 12312310
Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
Fulltext Readiness of school teachers to accept notifications about causes and preventive measures on food poisoning

Marzo RR, Bhattacharya S, Niranjan V, Shagaran K, Mohd Idris MAB, Clement BJ, et al.

J Educ Health Promot, 2020;9:43.
PMID: 32318611 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_505_19

INTRODUCTION: In this era of globalization, urbanization, and rapidly expanding unhygienic food corners across the globe, the incidence of food poisoning is very common nowadays.
AIM: The aim of our study was to investigate the perceptions and readiness of schoolteachers to accept notifications on food poisoning as a part of education to the students.
METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with the help of a validated questionnaire for data collection. Our research involved schoolteachers from both primary and secondary schools in Muar. The questionnaire was pretested among the eligible trainee teachers and yielded an internal consistency reliability coefficient (c = Cronbach's alpha) of 0.082. This study was conducted from October 29, 2017, to December 14, 2018, in Muar. Our sample size was 259. Ethical consent was obtained from the Institution Ethical Committee.
RESULTS: A total of 259 schoolteachers from both primary and secondary schools in Muar were included in this study. In our study, 81.1% of the teachers responded that they can easily educate their students about food poisoning. Most of them (93.1%) were ready to receive notifications on food poisoning in any mode, and about 72% of the teachers preferred WhatsApp as their mode of receiving notification. The least (1.2%) preferred mode of notification was LINE (a social app). Teachers' willingness to disseminate the information regarding food poisoning was also higher (98.5%).
CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that majority of the schoolteachers had a good perception and were ready to receive the notifications on food poisoning through WhatsApp as a part of education to the students.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Fulltext New Urbanization and Rural Tourism Development under the Rural Revitalization Strategy Environment

Jiang L, Wang L

J Environ Public Health, 2022;2022:4095446.
PMID: 36046084 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4095446

China can effectively promote urban-rural integration and economic and social modernization through new urbanization, which also serves as a strong driver and supporter of the growth of rural tourism. This paper examines the new urbanization and the growth of the rural tourism industry based on the rural revitalization strategy. It does so by using the techniques of literature research, field investigation, information technology retrieval, and excavation. We list the accomplishments of the rural tourism sector at its current stage of development and identify the issues and factors that will affect the sector's future growth. In addition, a coordinated development evaluation index system is built based on a theoretical analysis of rural revitalization strategies and new urbanization, and the corresponding comprehensive score is obtained using the entropy method for research. The index weight of the subsystem for rural revitalization in province A is computed using the entropy weight method. According to the findings, the wealth of life has the smallest weight (0.1117), followed by the prosperity of industry (0.2618), which is the largest on a criterion level. The effective weight of governance is the largest, at 0.2801. This study can serve as a useful resource for fostering rural tourism and advancing rural business.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization*
Fulltext Integrated models for solid waste management in tourism regions: Langkawi Island, Malaysia

Shamshiry E, Nadi B, Mokhtar MB, Komoo I, Hashim HS, Yahaya N

J Environ Public Health, 2011;2011:709549.
PMID: 21904559 DOI: 10.1155/2011/709549

The population growth, changing consumption patterns, and rapid urbanization contribute significantly to the growing volumes of solid waste that are generated in urban settings. As the rate of urbanization increases, demand on the services of solid waste management increases. The rapid urban growth in Langkawi Island, Malaysia, combined with the increasing rates of solid waste production has provided evidence that the traditional solid waste management practices, particularly the methods of waste collection and disposal, are inefficient and quite nonsustainable. Accordingly, municipal managers and planners in Langkawi need to look for and adopt a model for solid waste management that emphasizes an efficient and sustainable management of solid wastes in Langkawi Island. This study presents the current practices of solid waste management in Langkawi Island, describes the composition of the solid waste generated in that area, and presents views of local residents and tourist on issues related to solid waste management like the aesthetic value of the island environment. The most important issue of this paper is that it is the first time that integrated solid waste management is investigated in the Langkawi Island.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization
Flood economic vulnerability and risk assessment at the urban mesoscale based on land use: A case study in Changsha, China

Yang M, Mohammad Yusoff WF, Mohamed MF, Jiao S, Dai Y

J Environ Manage, 2024 Feb;351:119798.
PMID: 38103426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119798

With climate change and urbanization, flood disasters have significantly affected urban development worldwide. In this study, we developed a paradigm to assess flood economic vulnerability and risk at the urban mesoscale, focusing on urban land use. A hydrological simulation was used to evaluate flood hazards through inundation analyses, and a hazard-vulnerability matrix was applied to assess flood risk, enhancing the economic vulnerability assessment by quantifying the differing economic value and flood losses associated with different land types. The case study of Wangchengpo, Changsha, China, found average total economic losses of 126.94 USD/m2, with the highest risk in the settlement core. Residential areas had the highest flood hazard, vulnerability, and losses (61.10% of the total loss); transportation areas accounted for 27.87% of the total economic losses due to their high flooding depth. Despite low inundation, industrial land showed greater economic vulnerability due to higher overall economic value (10.52% of the total). Our findings highlight the influence of land types and industry differences on flood vulnerability and the effectiveness of land-use inclusion in urban-mesoscale analyses of spatial flood characteristics. We identify critical areas with hazard and economic vulnerability for urban land and disaster prevention management and planning, helping to offer targeted flood control strategies to enhance urban resilience.

Matched MeSH terms: Urbanization

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