Displaying publications 941 - 960 of 2312 in total

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  1. Tobacco and alcohol use among urban Malaysians in 1980
    Armstrong RW
    Int J Addict, 1985 11 1;20(11-12):1803-8.
    PMID: 3833811
    Data from 100 Chinese, 50 Malay, and 50 Indian adults resident in 1980 in the greater urban area of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, indicate a heavy use of cigarettes among males of all ethnic groups, light use among female Chinese, and none among female Malay and Indian. Consumption of other tobacco products was important only among Indian males; chewing betal quid among Indian males and also among Malay and Indian females. Alcohol use is increasing among both sexes and all ethnic groups, but Chinese and Indian groups use alcoholic drinks more frequently and in larger quantity than Malay. Beer and liquor are the most common drinks.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  2. Hepatic storage of iron and ferritin in different ethnic groups in Singapore
    Wong CT, Saha N
    Ann Nutr Metab, 1985;29(5):267-73.
    PMID: 4051449
    The concentrations of non-haem iron, ferritin and ferritin-iron were measured in the livers of 137 adults and children collected at necropsy. The concentrations of non-haem and ferritin iron were found to be 146.6 +/- 95.2 micrograms/g and 61.6 +/- 32.4 micrograms/g, respectively, in males and 108.0 +/- 61.7 micrograms/g and 60.6 +/- 26.4 micrograms/g, respectively, in females. The values for males in Singapore were lower than those reported in developed Western countries. No correlation was observed between storage iron and age, or ferritin concentration and age. Concentrations of non-haem iron and ferritin were similar for persons dying from accident and coronary heart disease. The non-haem iron concentration in Chinese (187.9 +/- 101.0 micrograms/g) was significantly greater than that in Indians (103.1 +/- 65.8 micrograms/g), while the ferritin concentration in Chinese (6.18 +/- 2.37 mg/g) was significantly greater than either Malays (3.81 +/- 1.8 mg/g) or Indians (3.52 +/- 1.6 mg/g). A significant positive correlation was observed between the non-haem iron and ferritin and also ferritin-iron in Chinese males (r values of 0.678 and 0.598, respectively) and Indian males (r values of 0.576 and 0.612, respectively). However, the correlation between these indices was not significant in the case of Malay males. In premenopausal women the non-haem iron correlated well with ferritin (r = 0.737) and ferritin iron (r = 0.826) while the correlation was lacking in postmenopausal women.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  3. Ethnic differences in the Goodenough-Harris draw-a-man and draw-a-woman tests
    Dugdale AE, Chen ST
    Arch Dis Child, 1979 Nov;54(11):880-5.
    PMID: 393181
    The draw-a-man (DAM) and draw-a-woman (DAW) tests were given to 307 schoolchildren in Petaling Jaya, Malaysia. The children were ethnically Malay, Chinese, or Indian (Tamil), and all came from lower socioeconomic groups. The standard scores of the Chinese children averaged 118 in the DAM and 112 in the DAW tests. These scores were significantly better than the American standards. Malay children scored significantly lower than Chinese, and Tamil children scored lower again. The nutritional status of the children had no influence on the scores. Chinese and Tamil children scored better in the DAM than the DAW, while in Malay boys the reverse was true. Malay children tended to emphasise clothing in the DAM, but Chinese and Tamil children scored better on items relating to facial features and body proportions. The Goodenough-Harris draw-a-person tests are obviously not culture-free, but the causes of ethnic differences have not been elucidated.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  4. Juvenile nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Sabah (Malaysia)
    Rothwell RI
    Clin Oncol, 1979 Dec;5(4):353-8.
    PMID: 519920
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  5. How to handle hysterical factory workers
    Chew PK
    Occup Health Saf, 1978 Mar-Apr;47(2):50-2, 53.
    PMID: 634529
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  6. Characteristics of normal labour among different racial groups in Malaysia
    Lim MA, Wong WP, Sinnathuray TA
    Br J Obstet Gynaecol, 1977 Aug;84(8):600-4.
    PMID: 889748
    The characteristics of normal labour in 977 Malay, Chinese and Indian parturients were established from a retrospective study. Indian babies were found to be significantly smaller than Malay babies which were significantly smaller than Chinese babies (P less than 0-05, P less than 0-05). The mean duration of the first stage of labour taken from the time of admission to the labour ward was 3-4 hours in primiparae and 2-7 hours in multiparae. The mean durations of the second stage of labour were 23-7 minutes and 13-1 minutes respectively. Curves of mean dilatation of cervix and probit analysis at 80% revealed significant differences in the progress of normal labour in primiparae among the three racial groups. The Indian primiparae not only had a slower rate of cervical dilatation but seemed to reach the accelerated phase of dilatation later. No significant differences were noticed in the labours of multiparae.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  7. Caries prevalence in different racial groups of schoolchildren in West Malaysia
    Yassin I, Low T
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 1975 Aug;3(4):179-83.
    PMID: 1056826
    A dental health survey of 15,197 schoolchildren age 6-18 years was conducted in West Malaysia. The caries experience in the permanent teeth of the three racial groups, namely Malay, Chinese and Indian/Pakistani, showed a distinct variation. The prevalence was highest among the Chinese children, being about twice that of the Malay and Indian/Pakistani children. In the primary dentition, however, the caries experience in the three racial groups was comparable. An analysis of the factors contributing to the racial variation showed that dietary influence was not the only factor responsible. The possibility of a racial variation in caries susceptibility has been postulated. In the primary dentition the similar caries experience observed in the three groups of children was most probably due to the widespread occurrence of rampant caries which would heavily weight the dift score of the children in all three groups. The need to fluoridate the public water supply as an effective preventive measure is emphasized.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  8. A survey of geriatric cases in the psychiatric wards--University Hospital admitted in July 1967 to December 1969
    Essa M
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):221-5.
    PMID: 4278973
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  9. Neonatal jaundice in premature infants
    Tan KL
    J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1977 Dec;19(4):238-40.
    PMID: 616476
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  10. Comparative study of the prevalence of adult obesity in the three racial groups of Kuala Lumpur
    Jones JJ
    Med J Malaysia, 1976 Jun;30(4):256-60.
    PMID: 979725
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  11. Smoking habits among medical students in the University of Malaya
    Pathmanathan I
    Med J Malaysia, 1975 Dec;30(2):88-92.
    PMID: 1228387
    In a study during 1972 of smoking habits of Malaysian medical students, smoking rates of medical students was seen to be higher than that of students in four other faculties in the University of Malaya. Male Malaysian medical students had higher smoking rates than their counterparts in Glasgow in 1971 (UM 20.3%, Glasgow 19.1%) but Malaysian females had very low smoking rates (male 25.2%, female 1.6%). Despite the fact that in the medical curriculum students are made aware of the scientific evidence on the health hazards of smoking, smoking rates were higher in students int their later years of study. Ethnicity was associate with smoking rates although father's smoking habit was not - and Malays had the highest smoking rates (malay 28.2%, chinese 16.3%, indian and others 23.5%).
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  12. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus among the ethnic groups in Singapore
    Cheah JS, Tambyah JA, Mitra NR
    Trop Geogr Med, 1975 Mar;27(1):14-6.
    PMID: 1169832
    During a routine medical examination of 5280 government employees (2736 males, 2544 females; age range 17 to 66 years; 3386 Chinese, 1252 Malays, 508 Indians and 134 other ethnic groups) diabetes was found in 31 (0.59%). The prevalence was higher in males (0.95%) than in females (0.20%). The highest prevalence was in the age-group 50 to 59 years (5.4%); at ages 30 to 66 years, the overall prevalence was 2.18%. The prevalence of diabetes is higher in Indians (2.76%) than in Chinese (0.30%) and Malays (0.48%); the difference is statistically significant, as it also is in the age-group 30 to 66 years (Indians 6.36%, Malays 1.39%, Chinese 0.9%). Of the 31 cases, only four were previously known and only nine were overwieght. The possible reasons for the higher prevalence of diabetes in Indians are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  13. Traditional beliefs and practices affecting medical care in Malaysian Chinese communities
    Dunn FL
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):7-10.
    PMID: 4282636
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  14. Physical and cognitive domains of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living: validation in a multiethnic population of Asian older adults
    Ng TP, Niti M, Chiam PC, Kua EH
    J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2006 Jul;61(7):726-35.
    PMID: 16870636
    BACKGROUND: We sought to assess the validity of the physical and cognitive domains of Lawton and Brody's Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scale and its cross-cultural applicability across ethnic groups in an Asian population of community-living older adults.

    METHODS: Using data from a random population sample of noninstitutionalized Chinese, Malay, and Indian older adults 60 years old and older in Singapore (N = 1072), we modeled the dimensional structure of the 8-item IADL Scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and assessed its convergent and divergent validity using known group differences and strengths of association.

    RESULTS: Factor analyses yielded two strong and reliable factors representing underlying physical and cognitive dimensions of IADL. The validity of the model was supported by the pattern of associations of the IADL with age, gender, education, self-reported health status, hospitalization, physical comorbidities, dementia and depression, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Notably, cognitive IADL showed a greater total effect on MMSE cognitive performance score than did physical IADL, with the effect of physical IADL on MMSE score mostly explained by cognitive IADL. Reasonably good cross-cultural validity was demonstrated among Chinese, Malays, and Indians, with strongest validity for Indians.

    CONCLUSION: The eight-item IADL Scale has physical and cognitive domains and is cross-culturally applicable. The cognitive IADL domain taps a set of activities directly related to cognitive functioning.

    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  15. Ethnic distribution of Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in a Malaysian population and possible correlation with coronary heart disease
    Naidu BR, Ngeow YF, Pang T
    Eur J Epidemiol, 2003;18(2):135-7.
    PMID: 12733835
    Chlamydophila pneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections, has also been implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). This study reports a cross-sectional, demographic, serological analysis of the prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in a multiracial Malaysian population. Generally, Malaysian Indians had the highest degree of seropositivity (58%) followed by the Chinese (54%) and the Malays (32%), results which were statistically significant (CI: 95%; p < 0.01). Interestingly, this trend was also reflected in the study group consisting of patients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and chronic CHD. Again, the Indians were more frequently seropositive (65%), with more than 50% having IgG titres > or = 128. Comparatively, the Chinese and Malays showed 51 and 17% seropositivity respectively. These results were also statistically significant (CI: 95%; p < 0.01). Malaysian Indians are more commonly afflicted with CHD. A variety of factors have been suggested to explain this prevalence including diet, social habits, genetics and the possible role of infectious agents. This study notes an interesting association between this pattern of racial prevalence and the possible role of C. pneumoniae infections as a contributory/predisposing factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  16. Prevalence and ethnic differences of autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia in Singapore
    Zhao Y, Tan EK, Law HY, Yoon CS, Wong MC, Ng I
    Clin Genet, 2002 Dec;62(6):478-81.
    PMID: 12485197
    We report the prevalence and ethnic differences of autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) in Singapore. Amongst 204 patients with ataxia who underwent genetic testing for dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) and for spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12, 58 (28.4%) patients from 36 families tested positive. SCA 3 was identified in 31 (53.4%) patients from 15 families, SCA 2 in 17 (29.3%) patients from 12 families and SCA 1 in four (6.9%) patients from four families. Other SCA subtypes were rare. SCA 2 was the only subtype identified amongst ethnic Malay and ethnic Indian families. The estimated prevalence of ADCA in Singaporean families was at least 1 : 27,000. Based on the history and ancestry of Singaporeans, our study supported a founder effect for specific SCA subtypes and the association of ethnicity-specific SCA subtypes. Our findings suggest that SCA 2 is relatively common amongst the Malay race and that priority testing for SCA 3 and SCA 2 for ethnic Chinese, and SCA 2 for ethnic Malay, may be cost effective and relevant for the region.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  17. Fulltext Knowledge, Attitudes, Impact, and Anxiety Regarding COVID-19 Infection Among the Public in China
    Lin Y, Hu Z, Alias H, Wong LP
    Front Public Health, 2020;8:236.
    PMID: 32574305 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00236
    Objectives: Sufficient knowledge and positive attitudes are crucial to the prevention of COVID-19. However, little is known about public awareness and attitudes regarding COVID-19 in China. The impact of COVID-19 on the societal well-being and anxiety levels of the public has never been documented. The aim of this study was to survey the knowledge, attitudes, impact, and anxiety levels of the people of China in relation to the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: A cross-sectional population survey using an online questionnaire was undertaken between Jan 24 and Feb 24, 2020. The study participants were residents of mainland China over the age of 18 years. The attitude items in this study measured the perceived threat of COVID-19 based on the Health Belief Model. Anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), a self-reported questionnaire that measure both state (STAI-S), and trait anxiety (STAI-T) Results: A total of 2,446 completed responses were received. The mean and standard deviation (SD) for the total knowledge score was 20.3 (SD ± 2.9) out of a possible score of 23. The social disruption and household economic impact were notable, particularly in provinces with higher cumulative confirmed cases. The majority of responses indicated a low perceived susceptibility of being infected (86.7% [95%CI 85.4-88.1]), with a fair proportion of respondents perceiving a higher severity (62.9% [95% CI 61.0-64.8]). The mean total impact score was 9.9 (SD ± 3.8) out of a possible score of 15. The mean score for STAI-S was 48.7 (SD ± 10.8), whereas the mean STAI-T score was 45.7 (SD ± 8.5). By demographics, women reported significantly higher odds for higher levels of both STAI-S (OR = 1.67) and STAI-T (OR = 1.30) compared to men. People of a younger age were also more likely to experience higher STAI-S and STAI-T. Higher perceived susceptibility and severity and impact were strong predictors of higher levels of STAI-S and STAI-T. Conclusion: Our findings can assist in tailoring public communication to change people's knowledge and attitudes. The present study also underlined the importance of the promotion of mental health during infectious disease outbreaks to help in moderating the perceived threat, social and household economic impact, targeting the vulnerable segment of the population.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/epidemiology
  18. Case series analysis of psoriatic arthritis: A two-centre experience
    Mohd Shahrir MS, Eashwary M, Heselynn H, Mohd Shahdan S
    APLAR Journal of Rheumatology, 2007;10(1):32-36.
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-8077.2007.00252.x
    Aim: To provide the first case series analysis for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Malaysia.
    Methods: Patient records were studied from rheumatology clinics in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital and Putrajaya Hospital in Malaysia.
    Results: Thirty-one patients from two rheumatology centres were studied. Thirteen patients (41.9%) were male and 18 patients (58.1%) were female. Nineteen patients (61.3%) were Malays, four (12.9%) were Chinese, seven (22.6%) were Indians and one (3.2%) was a Sikh. The majority of patients were in the >.50 years age-group (11 [35.5%]) followed by the 41-50 years age-group (10 [32.3%]). Thirteen patients (41.9%) had the disease since 41-50 years of age. Twenty-three patients (77.4%) had no family history of PsA. Twenty-three patients (74.2%) had psoriasis first, seven (22.6%) had arthritis first and one (3.2%) developed psoriasis and arthritis at the same time. Twenty-four patients (77.4%) had positive activity correlation for skin and arthritis. The majority of patients had symmetrical arthritis (20 [64.5%]) and chronic plaque-like lesions (22 [71.0%]). These patients were on NSAIDS and methotrexate (14 [45.2%]). One patient (3.6%) needed surgery for joint replacement.
    Conclusion: Patients who were diagnosed as having PsA were Malays, age group of more than 50, disease onset at 41-50 years of age, no family history, had symmetrical and chronic plaque lesions, had psoriasis first and needed NSAIDS and methotrexate.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  19. Fulltext Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey of osteoporosis among students of a tertiary institution in Malaysia
    Khan YH, Sarriff A, Khan AH, Mallhi TH
    Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014;13(1):155-62.
    DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i1.22
    Purpose: To evaluate knowledge and perceptions of osteoporosis among university students in Malaysia belonging to different age groups, gender and ethnicity.
    Methods: Using convenience sampling method, current study was conducted among students of University Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Penang, Malaysia. A pre-validated self-administered questionnaire was used to carry out the study.
    Results: The mean age of the participants was 24.61 ± 5.51 years. A majority, 401 (87 %), identified osteoporosis correctly as a disease that makes bones weak and fragile. Lack of milk and dairy products were identified by majority of participants (74 %) as a risk factor for osteoporosis while being petite (24 %) and family history (34.5 %) were the least identified risk factors. Female showed statistically higher knowledge score than males (243.89 versus 216.12, p = 0.02). Ethnicity (Malay: 228.32, Chinese: 264.46, Indian: 194.04, Others: 236.94, p = 0.00) and type of education (Hybrid: 225.99, Arts: 182.21, Science: 286.23, p = 0.00) were factors that correlated significantly with knowledge and perceptions of osteoporosis.
    Conclusion: This study demonstrates an urgent need for the implementation of educational and awareness programs for university students belonging to various age groups. Such programs should be designed on the basis of the parameters of health belief model. © Pharmacotherapy Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, 300001 Nigeria. All rights reserved.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  20. Ala97Ser mutation is common among ethnic Chinese Malaysians with transthyretin familial amyloid polyneuropathy
    Low SC, Tan CY, Md Sari NA, Ahmad-Annuar A, Wong KT, Lin KP, et al.
    Amyloid, 2019 7 26;26(sup1):7-8.
    PMID: 31343308 DOI: 10.1080/13506129.2019.1582479
    Matched MeSH terms: China/epidemiology
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