Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 667 in total

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  1. Fluoride exposure from ingested toothpaste in 4-5-year-old Malaysian children
    Siew Tan B, Razak IA
    Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 2005 Oct;33(5):317-25.
    PMID: 16128790
    The aim of this study was to assess (by direct determination) the fluoride (F) exposure from ingested toothpaste among 4-5-year-old Malaysian children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  2. An evaluation of the effects of handpiece speed, abrasive characteristics, and polishing load on the flexural strength of polished ceramics
    Ahmad R, Morgano SM, Wu BM, Giordano RA
    J Prosthet Dent, 2005 Nov;94(5):421-9.
    PMID: 16275301
    Many studies on the strengthening effects of grinding and polishing, as well as heat treatment on ceramics, are not well standardized or use commercially available industrial polishing systems. The reported effectiveness of these strengthening mechanisms on ceramics may not be applicable to clinical dentistry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  3. A survey of perceived stress among undergraduate dental students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Rosli TI, Abdul Rahman R, Abdul Rahman SR, Ramli R
    Singapore Dent J, 2005 Dec;27(1):17-22.
    PMID: 16438264
    The objectives of this study were to determine the sources of stress among undergraduate dental students, and to compare the sources of stress among the 5 years of undergraduate study, between gender, and with other studies done elsewhere. A total of 325 students across the 5 academic years (88.8% response rate) of the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, completed the modified Dental Environment Stress questionnaire. All respondents reported that they experienced some form of stress. The preclinical students reported that examinations and fear of failure caused the most stress. The main stressor for clinical students was clinical training, particularly factors relating to meeting clinical requirements. Female students perceived more stress generally than male students. However, male students were more stressed when faced with factors related to clinical training.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  4. Effects of some environmental parameters on the reproduction and development of a tropical marine harpacticoid copepod Nitocra affinis f. californica Lang
    Matias-Peralta H, Yusoff FM, Shariff M, Arshad A
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2005;51(8-12):722-8.
    PMID: 16291188
    The effects of salinity, temperature, and light conditions on the reproduction and development of harpacticoid copepod, Nitocra affinis f. californica under controlled laboratory conditions were determined. Seven different salinity levels (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 ppt), four temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35 degrees C), three different light intensities (25, 56, 130 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) and photoperiods (24 h:0 h, 1 h:23 h, 12 h:12 h LD cycle) were employed in this study. The highest (p < 0.05) overall reproduction and fastest development time were achieved by copepods reared under 30-35 ppt salinity. The optimum temperature required for the maximum reproduction was 30 degrees C while under 30 degrees C and 35 degrees C the copepod development time was shortest (p < 0.05) compared to other temperature levels. The overall reproduction was highest (p < 0.05) and development rate of N. affinis was shortest (p < 0.05) under lowest light intensity (25 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). Continuous light (24 h:0 h LD) inhibited the egg production while, continuous darkness (1 h:23 h LD) and 12 h:12 h LD significantly favoured the overall reproductive activity of the female. Photoperiods 1 h:23 h and 12 h:12 h LD yielded highest total (p < 0.05) offspring female(-1) coupled with highest (p < 0.05) survival percentage. This study illustrated that although N. affinis can tolerate wide range of environmental conditions, prolonged exposure to subnormal environments affect its reproduction and development. This study showed that this species can be mass cultured for commercial purposes and has a potential to be used for toxicity studies due to its high reproductive performance fast development and a wide range of tolerance to environmental conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  5. Effects of 17beta-estradiol on the reproduction of Java-medaka (Oryzias javanicus), a new test fish species
    Imai S, Koyama J, Fujii K
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2005;51(8-12):708-14.
    PMID: 16291186
    17beta-estradiol (E2) is a female hormone which is known to be one of the strongest estrogenic chemicals in the environment. The present study investigated the effects of E2 on the reproduction of the estuarine fish, Java-medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Starting from the embryonic stages, Java-medaka was exposed for 6 months to 9.5, 16, 68, 159 and 243 ng/l of E2. The fecundity of Java-medaka exposed to E2 levels >16 ng/l was significantly lower than that of the control. The appearance of secondary sexual characteristics seemed to be inhibited by exposure to 159 and 243 ng/l E2. Vitellogenin concentrations in the liver of male fish exposed to 68, 159 and 243 ng/l were significantly higher than that of the control. Thirty-three and sixty percent of male fishes exposed to 159 and 243 ng/l, respectively, had testis-ova. These results suggest that reproduction in the Java-medaka, especially the male fish, could be affected by exposure to E2 concentrations greater than 16 ng/l.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  6. The age of menopause and the menopause transition in a multiracial population: a nation-wide Singapore study
    Loh FH, Khin LW, Saw SM, Lee JJ, Gu K
    Maturitas, 2005 Nov-Dec;52(3-4):169-80.
    PMID: 16257608
    To describe the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, define the mean age of menopause, and determine contributory factors, which influence the experience of symptoms among Singaporean women of different racial groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  7. Concentrations of trace elements in marine fish and its risk assessment in Malaysia
    Agusa T, Kunito T, Yasunaga G, Iwata H, Subramanian A, Ismail A, et al.
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2005;51(8-12):896-911.
    PMID: 16023148
    Concentrations of trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi) were determined in muscle and liver of 12 species of marine fish collected from coastal areas in Malaysia. Levels of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Ga, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Ba and Pb in liver were higher than those in muscle, whereas Rb and Cs concentrations showed the opposite trend. Positive correlations between concentrations in liver and muscle were observed for all the trace elements except Cu and Sn. Copper, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Cs and Hg concentrations in bigeye scads from the east coast of the Peninsular Malaysia were higher than those from the west, whereas V showed the opposite trend. The high concentration of V in the west coast might indicate oil contamination in the Strait of Malacca. To evaluate the health risk to Malaysian population through consumption of fish, intake rates of trace elements were estimated on the basis of the concentrations of trace elements in muscle of fish and daily fish consumption. Some specimens of the marine fish had Hg levels higher than the guideline value by US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), indicating that consumption of these fish at the present rate may be hazardous to Malaysian people. To our knowledge, this is the first study on multielemental accumulation in marine fish from the Malaysian coast.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  8. A comparison of the information needs of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer in Malaysia and the United kingdom
    Gopal RL, Beaver K, Barnett T, Ismail NS
    Cancer Nurs, 2005 Mar-Apr;28(2):132-40.
    PMID: 15815183
    Little is known about the information needs of women with breast cancer in non-Western societies. This study examined the priority information needs of 100 women with breast cancer in Malaysia and compared the findings to previous work involving 150 women diagnosed with breast cancer in the United Kingdom. The study used a valid and reliable measure, the Information Needs Questionnaire (INQ). The INQ contained 9 items of information related to physical, psychological, and social care, used successfully in Canada and the United Kingdom. The INQ was shown to have cross-cultural relevance and sensitivity. For Malaysian women, information about likelihood of cure, sexual attractiveness, and spread of disease were the most important information needs. For UK women, similar priorities were evident, apart from the item on sexual attractiveness, which was ranked much lower by women in the United Kingdom. The cultural similarities and differences that emerged from this study have implications for nurses in the cancer field caring for people from a diversity of cultural backgrounds. Breast care nurses are not a feature of the Malaysian healthcare system, although the findings from this study support the view that specialist nurses have a vital role to play in meeting the psychosocial needs of women with breast cancer in non-Western societies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  9. Fulltext Angiotensinogen M235T gene variants and its association with essential hypertension and plasma renin activity in Malaysian subjects: a case control study
    Say YH, Ling KH, Duraisamy G, Isaac S, Rosli R
    BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2005;5(1):7.
    PMID: 15811183
    Essential hypertension is a major public health concern worldwide where its prevalence accounts for various cerebrovascular diseases. A common molecular variant of angiotensinogen (AGT), the precursor of potent vasoactive hormone angiotensin II, has been incriminated as a marker for genetic predisposition to essential hypertension in some ethnics. This case-control study was designed not only to determine the association of the AGT M235T gene variants with essential hypertension, but also its relationship to Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) in subjects attending the Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  10. Microsatellites reveal a lack of structure in Australian populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.)
    Endersby NM, McKechnie SW, Ridland PM, Weeks AR
    Mol Ecol, 2006 Jan;15(1):107-18.
    PMID: 16367834
    The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is renowned for developing resistance to insecticides and causing significant economic damage to Brassica vegetable crops throughout the world. Yet despite its economic importance, little is known about the population structure and movement patterns of this pest both at local and regional scales. In Australia, the movement patterns and insecticide resistance status of P. xylostella infesting canola, vegetables, forage brassicas and weeds have fundamental implications for the management of this pest. Here we use six polymorphic microsatellite loci to investigate population structure and gene flow in Australian populations of P. xylostella. Samples of P. xylostella from New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Kenya were also scored at these loci. We found no evidence of population structure within Australia, with most populations having low inbreeding coefficients and in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. In addition, a sample from the North Island of New Zealand was indistinguishable from the Australian samples. However, large genetic differences were found between the Australia/New Zealand samples and samples from Kenya, Malaysia and Indonesia. There was no relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance among Australian and New Zealand samples. Two of the loci were found to have null alleles, the frequency of which was increased in the populations outside the Australia/New Zealand region. We discuss these results with reference to insecticide resistance management strategies for P. xylostella in Australia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  11. Fungal solid state culture of palm kernel cake
    Iluyemi FB, Hanafi MM, Radziah O, Kamarudin MS
    Bioresour Technol, 2006 Feb;97(3):477-82.
    PMID: 16216731
    Palm kernel cake (PKC), an agro-industrial by-product used extensively in the animal feed industry, has limited use in fish feeds due to its high fiber and low protein contents. In this study, PKC was processed under solid state culture conditions with five fungal strains and the effect of this fungal culturing on the amino acid, fatty acid, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions was evaluated. Fungal strains used were Sclerotium rolfsii, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma longiobrachiatum, Trichoderma koninggi and Aspergillus niger. Fungal growth was carried out at 50% moisture level and 1% inoculum level for 7 days. A significant increase in protein content from 18.76% to 32.79% was obtained by growing T. longibrachiatum on PKC. Cellulose level decreased significantly from 28.31% to 12.11% for PKC cultured with T. longibrachiatum, and hemicellulose from 37.03% to 19.01% for PKC cultured with A. niger. Fungal culturing of PKC brought about an increase in the level of unsaturated- and a decrease in the level of the saturated-fatty acids.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  12. Fulltext Serum soluble transferrin receptor in hypochromic microcytic anaemia
    Jayaranee S, Sthaneshwar P
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Feb;47(2):138-42.
    PMID: 16435056
    The objective of this study was to assess the clinical significance of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in hypochromic microcytic anaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  13. Sorption of Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) by growing and non-growing cells of a bacterial consortium
    Sannasi P, Kader J, Ismail BS, Salmijah S
    Bioresour Technol, 2006 Mar;97(5):740-7.
    PMID: 16324841
    This paper reports the sorption of three metallic ions, namely Cr(VI), Cu(II) and Pb(II) in aqueous solution by a consortium culture (CC) comprising an acclimatised mixed bacterial culture collected from point and non-point sources. Metal sorption capability of growing and non-growing cells at initial pH of between 3 and 8 in the 1-100mg/L concentration range were studied based on Q(max) and K(f) values of the Langmuir and linearised Freundlich isotherm models, respectively. Maximal metal loading was generally observed to be dependent on the initial pH. Growing cells displayed significant maximal loading (Q(max)) for Pb(II) (238.09 mg/g) and Cu(II) (178.87 mg/g) at pH 6 and at pH 7 for Cr(VI) (90.91 mg/g) compared to non-growing cells (p < 0.05). At the pH range of 6-8, growing cells showed higher loading capacity compared to non-growing cells i.e. 38-52% for Cr, 17-28% for Cu and 3-17% for Pb. At lower metal concentrations and at more acidic pH (3-4) however, non-growing cells had higher metal loading capacity than growing cells. The metal sorption capacity for both populations were as follows: Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Cr(VI).
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  14. Improvement in C-reactive protein and advanced glycosylation end-products in poorly controlled diabetics is independent of glucose control
    Md Isa SH, Najihah I, Nazaimoon WM, Kamarudin NA, Umar NA, Mat NH, et al.
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2006 Apr;72(1):48-52.
    PMID: 16253380 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2005.09.011
    We studied the efficacy of four different treatment regimens (sulphonylurea and metformin+/-acarbose versus glimepiride and rosiglitazone versus glimepiride and bedtime NPH insulin versus multiple actrapid and NPH insulin injections) in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes subjects on hs-CRP, VCAM-1 and AGE at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. Multiple insulin injections rapidly improved HbA(1c) by 0.6+/-0.9% (p<0.005), 1.2+/-1.3% (p<0.0005) and 1.3+/-1.4% (p<0.0005) at week 4, at week 8 and week 12, respectively. Subjects who continued their existing combination treatment of sulphonylurea, metformin+/-acarbose also showed a significant reduction in HbA(1c) (p<0.05). Although effective in reducing glycemic parameters, there was no reduction in CRP levels in either treatment group. The treatment regimen consisting of rosiglitazone and glimepiride significantly lowered hs-CRP by -2.6 (3.9) mg/L (p<0.05) at week 12 in spite of no improvement in blood glucose. AGE improved in all groups irrespective of type of treatment, glycaemic control and CRP levels. Our data indicate rapid glycaemic control alone does not necessarily result in improvement in markers of inflammation in type 2 diabetes patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  15. Energy density and weight of food effect short-term caloric compensation in men
    Mazlan N, Horgan G, Stubbs RJ
    Physiol Behav, 2006 Apr 15;87(4):679-86.
    PMID: 16545404
    The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of energy density and food weight (volume) on subsequent intake.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  16. The effect of Piper betle and Psidium guajava extracts on the cell-surface hydrophobicity of selected early settlers of dental plaque
    Razak FA, Othman RY, Rahim ZH
    J Oral Sci, 2006 Jun;48(2):71-5.
    PMID: 16858135
    The adhesion of early settlers of dental plaque to the tooth surface has a role in the initiation of the development of dental plaque. The hydrophobic surface properties of the bacteria cell wall are indirectly responsible for the adhesion of the bacteria cell to the acquired pellicle on the tooth surfaces. In this study, the effect of aqueous extract of two plants (Psidium guajava and Piper betle) on the cell-surface hydro-phobicity of early settlers of dental plaque was determined in vitro. Hexadecane, a hydrocarbon was used to represent the hydrophobic surface of the teeth in the oral cavity. It was found that treatment of the early plaque settlers with 1 mg/ml extract of Psidium guajava reduced the cell-surface hydrophobicity of Strep. sanguinis, Strep. mitis and Actinomyces sp. by 54.1%, 49.9% and 40.6%, respectively. Treatment of these bacteria with the same concentration of Piper betle however, showed a comparatively lesser effect (< 10%). It was also observed that the anti-adhesive effect of the two extracts on the binding of the early plaque settlers to hexadecane is concentration dependent.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  17. Role of CD4 and CD8 T-cells in the induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus in mice
    Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ
    Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 2006 Jun;21(3):151-8.
    PMID: 16626371
    Mucosal presentation of Actinomyces viscosus results in the induction of antigen specific systemic suppressor cells in mice. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotype of the suppressor cells responsible for the induction of oral tolerance to low doses of A. viscosus. When CD8 cell-depleted DBA/2 mice were intragastrically immunized and systemically immunized with A. viscosus, the delayed type hypersensitivity response was suppressed but not the levels of antigen specific serum antibodies. Adoptive transfer of orally tolerized CD4(+) cells to CD4(+)-depleted mice resulted in suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity response but not of the levels of antigen specific serum antibodies. In contrast, adoptive transfer of orally immunized CD8(+) cells to CD8(+)-depleted mice resulted in partially suppressed delayed type hypersensitivity response but significantly inhibited the levels of antigen specific serum antibodies. When orally tolerized CD8(+) cells were cocultured with systemically immunized CD8(+) cell-depleted spleen cells, splenic specific antibodies were inhibited. However, no suppression of splenic specific antibodies could be observed in the cultures containing orally tolerized CD4(+) cells and systemically immunized CD4(+) cell-depleted spleen cells. The results of the present study suggest that oral tolerance of humoral and cellular immunity induced by low doses of A. viscosus may be mediated by CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  18. The induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus in mice
    Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ
    Oral Dis, 2006 Jul;12(4):387-94.
    PMID: 16792724
    To determine whether oral tolerance with the oral bacterium Actinomyces viscosus was inducible in mice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  19. Vessel density ratio: A novel approach to identify "culprit" coronary lesion by spiral computed tomography
    Chin BS, Ong TK, Seyfarth TM, Liew CK, Chan WL, Rapaee A, et al.
    J Comput Assist Tomogr, 2006 7 18;30(4):564-8.
    PMID: 16845284
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a "culprit" lesion in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) should have low overall vessel lumen and plaque density on multidetector computed tomography-assisted coronary angiography (MDCTA) because of lower calcification and the presence of occlusive thrombus. However, thrombi and calcification both can themselves blur the demarcation between vessel wall and lumen. If we calculated a "vessel density ratio" (VDR) obtained by measuring the mean density of contrast-enhancement within a region of interest (ROI), which includes the vessel wall, lumen, plaque, and thrombus, and comparing that with the aortic root mean density acting as a reference point, this ratio may be more convenient, standardized, and reproducible to test the feasibility of VDR in identifying "culprit" lesions in ACS.

    METHODS: Sixty-four patients-21 exertional angina; 17 unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI); 26 ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)-provided 188 diseased segments on conventional angiography. All underwent MDCTA within a week of angiography. ROI was mapped out from maximum intensity projections of diseased segments in planar view.

    RESULTS: One hundred seventy-four segments were evaluated. Patients who presented with ACS (STEMI and unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction) had lower mean VDR compared to patients with exertional angina (0.58 vs. 0.66 vs. 0.81; P < 0.001). Culprit lesions in ACS patients also had the lowest mean VDR when compared to nonculprit lesions and lesions in patients without ACS (0.51 vs. 0.68 vs. 0.81; P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: VDR is a new, convenient, and standardized approach in identifying "culprit" lesions by MDCTA.

    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
  20. Readmission risk and metabolic, biochemical, haematological and clinical indicators of severity in hyperemesis gravidarum
    Tan PC, Jacob R, Quek KF, Omar SZ
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006 Oct;46(5):446-50.
    PMID: 16953861
    In a retrospective analysis of 192 cases of presumed hyperemesis gravidarum, there were no biochemical markers that predicted hospital readmission. There was, however, statistically significant negative predictive value in abnormal liver function tests. This could represent acute self-limited illness with a component of hepatitis as the cause for the clinical presentation, rather than hyperemesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Analysis of Variance
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