OBJECTIVES: This study examined past month patterns of substances use and its gender difference among adolescents.
METHODS: Cross-sectional samples among adolescents aged 13-16 years who completed the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) from eight ASEAN countries were included in the analysis (n = 40,212).
RESULTS: Prevalence of past month any tobacco use was relatively high in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and the Philippines (11-15%), but prevalence of dual cigarette and other forms of tobacco use was about 2-5% in the five countries. Past month alcohol consumption prevalence was also high in Thailand, Viet Nam, and the Philippines (16-24%), compared to the rest countries (1.4-8.2%). Moreover, prevalence of the concurrent alcohol and tobacco use was higher in Thailand and the Philippines (7 and 10%, respectively), particularly in boys (13 and 15%, respectively). Conclusions/importance: Almost 30-40% of the boys and 10-20% of girls in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Viet Nam are engaged in at least one of the two risk behaviors, and the concurrent alcohol and tobacco use was also relatively high among boys in those countries (5-15%). This study may provide some valuable insights on alcohol and tobacco policy in the region and requires to begin prevention and treatment programs in ASEAN member states.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Universiti Brunei Darussalam (UBD). A total of 303 students participated. Data was collected from January to April 2016. Self-designed questionnaires comprised questions pertaining to current weight, self-reported height data, information on eating habits, exercise and knowledge of the food pyramid. The collected data were used to compare and contrast eating habits and lifestyle practices among overweight/obese students with those of non-overweight/obese students.
Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity was 28.8% (95% CI: 24.0%, 34.0%). The majority ate regular daily meals, but more than half skipped breakfast. Frequent snacking, fried food consumption at least three times per week and low intake of daily fruits and vegetables were common. The frequency of visits to fast food restaurants was significantly higher in the overweight/obese. 25.4% of the students exercised at least three times per week. Almost all students are aware of balanced nutrition and the food pyramid.
Conclusions: Most university students had poor eating habits, although the majority had good nutrition knowledge. By way of recommendation, the university is encouraged to provide a multi-disciplinary team specialising in health promotion that includes nutrition and physical activity programmes to increase the awareness among the university students.
METHOD: Between November 2009 and July 2010, outpatients from 45 countries who met the criteria for stable CAD were recruited into the registry. Baseline characteristics were documented at enrolment, and patients were reassessed during their annual visits over a five-year follow-up period. Key outcomes measured were sudden death and cardiovascular (CV) death, non-CV death and CV morbidity.
RESULTS: At baseline, 33,283 patients were available for analysis within the registry; 380 and 27 were Malaysians and Bruneians, respectively. The mean ages of Malaysian/Bruneian patients and the rest of the world (RoW) were 57.83 ±9.98 years and 64.23 ± 10.46 years, respectively (p<0.001). The median body mass index values were 26.6 (24.4-29.6) kg/m2 and 27.3 (24.8-30.3) kg/m2, respectively (p=0.014). Malaysian/Bruneian patients had lower rates of myocardial infarction (54.55% versus 59.76%, p=0.033) and higher rates of diabetes (43.24% versus 28.99%, p<0.001) and dyslipidaemia (90.42% versus 74.66%, p<0.001) compared with the RoW. Measured clinical outcomes in Malaysian and Bruneian patients at 2-years follow-up were low and generally comparable to the RoW.
CONCLUSION: Malaysian/Bruneian patients with stable CAD tend to be younger with poorer diabetic control compared with the RoW. However, they had similar outcomes as the main registry following two years of treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of data were analysed from the BDTR over the 10-year period. Epidemiological data, blood parameters and dialysis are key performance indicators.
RESULTS: There are increments in prevalence and incidence of treated ESKD patients in Brunei over 10 years, especially with haemodialysis (HD). The projected prevalence and incidence showed an anticipated annual increase of 42.2 per million population (pmp) and 9.9 pmp respectively. Diabetes mellitus (DM) (79%) was the main cause of ESKD. HD (86%), peritoneal dialysis (PD) (9%) and transplant (5%) were the main modalities of kidney replacement therapy in 2020. Cumulative results over the decade showed significant improvements in serum phosphate, peritonitis rates and HD blood flow rates. PD patients have better survival rates, lower systolic blood pressure and better adequacy. PD survival (patient survival of 91%, 73% and 56% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively) was superior to HD survival (86% and 64% at 1 and 2 years, respectively), but patient demographics (age and DM status) were different. The 2020 dataset showed satisfactory anaemia management but mineral bone disease management was sub-optimal. Seventy percent of prevalent HD patients had arteriovenous fistula access. Thirty-two percent and fifty-two percent of HD and PD patients, respectively, achieved target dialysis adequacy. Peritonitis rate was 0.3 episodes per patient year.
CONCLUSION: Brunei has a high incidence and prevalence of treated ESKD in the last decade, especially DM-related ESKD. This study has identified many specific areas to be targeted for improvements and provided evidence for further proliferation of PD and transplant preference policy.