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Fulltext The Malaysian Women's Experience of Care and Management of Postnatal Depression

Arifin SRBM, Cheyne H, Maxwell M, Yousuf A

Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health, 2021;17:10-18.
PMID: 34040649 DOI: 10.2174/1745017902117010010

Objectives: Early detection and intervention for Maternal Postnatal Depression (PND) are imperative to prevent devastating consequences for mothers, babies, and families. However, there are no guidelines that explicitly focus on the management of PND in Malaysia. Consequently, it is unclear whether women with PND are receiving proper care and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to explore Malaysian Women's experience in managing PND symptoms.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted among 33 women attending Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinics in Kuala Lumpur. Data were obtained through a face-to-face semi-structured interview and analysed using framework analysis.
Results: The women considered PND as a personal and temporary issue. Therefore, professional care was deemed unnecessary for them. Additionally, all Malay women considered religious approach as their primary coping strategy for PND. However, this was not the case for most Indian and Chinese women.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that women did not acknowledge the roles of Healthcare Practitioners (HCPs) in alleviating their emotional distress.Also, they perceived PND as a personal problem and less serious emotional condition. It is due to this perception that the women adopted self-help care as their primary coping strategy for PND. However, the coping strategy varied between different cultures. These findings underscore the importance of HCPs' proactive action to detect and alleviate PND symptoms as their attitude towards PND may influence Women's help-seeking behaviour.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and self-reported delinquency by offspring

Ellis L, Widmayer A, Das S

Crim Behav Ment Health, 2012 Dec;22(5):325-35.
PMID: 22696101 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.1828

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported significant positive correlations between smoking during pregnancy by mothers and the involvement of their offspring in criminal/delinquent behaviour later in life, but these findings have been described as modest and the criminality based on official conviction statistics.
AIMS: We sought to verify this relationship and probe for more details on the basis of self-reported offending among college students.
METHODS: Independently completed questionnaires were collected from 6332 students and their mothers. The students provided information about their delinquent acts, if any, according to eight categories. Their mothers provided retrospective reports of their smoking habits, if any, during pregnancy.
FINDINGS: Mothers who recalled having smoked during pregnancy were significantly more likely than non-smoking mothers to have offspring who self-reported engaging in some types of delinquency. This relationship was more evident for female offspring than for male offspring and was most pronounced for illegal drug use by the offspring. There was, however, no relationship between offspring offending and estimated number of cigarettes smoked by mothers, month of pregnancy when smoked or consistency of smoking throughout pregnancy.
CONCLUSION: Overall, our study confirms that maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with offspring involvement in delinquency, but the lack of critical timing or dose-response relationships between maternal smoking and later offspring delinquency cast doubt on the possibility that the associations are due to teratogenic effects of tobacco smoke.
Study site: college students at 20 US and two Canadian universities

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Malaysian Moslem mothers' experience of depression and service use

Abdul Kadir NB, Bifulco A

Cult Med Psychiatry, 2010 Sep;34(3):443-67.
PMID: 20549550 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-010-9183-x

Standard psychiatric criteria for depression developed in the United States and United Kingdom are increasingly used worldwide to establish the prevalence of clinical disorders and to help develop services. However, these approaches are rarely sensitive to local and cultural expressions of symptoms or beliefs about treatment. Mismatch between diagnostic criteria and local understanding may result in underreporting of depression and underutilization of services. Little such research has been conducted in Malaysia, despite the acknowledged high rate of depression and low access to services. This study examines depression in Moslem Malay women living in Johor Bahru, Southern Peninsular Malaysia, to explore depression symptoms using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The 61 women interviewed were selected on the basis of high General Health Questionnaire scores from a large questionnaire survey of 1,002 mothers. The illustrative analysis looks at descriptions of depressed mood, self-depreciation and suicidal ideation, as well as attitudes toward service use. The women gave full and open descriptions of their emotional symptoms, easily recognizable by standard symptom categories, although somatic symptoms were commonly included, and the spiritual context to understanding depression was also prevalent. However, few women had knowledge about treatment or sought medical services, although some sought help from local spiritual healers. Attending to such views of depression can help develop services in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers/psychology*
Outcomes of an In Vitro Fertilization Pregnancy With COVID-19 and the Perinatal Outcome in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alhamoud AH, Matary F, Bukhari S, Kelantan M, Bajahzer M

Cureus, 2020 Dec 26;12(12):e12296.
PMID: 33510990 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12296

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a pandemic and potentially fatal disease. COVID-19 cases are on the rise globally; this also includes risk groups such as pregnant women and neonates. Herein, we report the first COVID-19 cesarean delivery case of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy in a Saudi woman. A postdate pregnant healthy woman tested positive with COVID-19 on her 38 weeks + five days. On her 40 weeks + five days, the woman had dilation without contractions; thereby, cesarean delivery was decided. The delivery was successful, with no complications in the mother and neonate. The preferable outcomes of this case could be attributable to some factors: multidisciplinary medical management, the mother's young age, and COVID-19 infection during the late trimester.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Incidental Trifid Median Nerve Unveiled in a Lactating Mother

Siddiq MAB, Hossain Parash MT

Cureus, 2019 Sep 30;11(9):e5809.
PMID: 31728251 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5809

Several anatomical variations concerning the median nerve have surfaced in the medical literature. Among them, bifid median nerve or median nerve bifurcation with or without persistent median artery has been widely reported. Sporadic case reports describe median nerve trifurcation (trifid median nerve) as well. In the present report, we describe carpal tunnel syndrome manifestations in association with trifid median nerve unveiled incidentally under high-frequency musculoskeletal ultrasonogram in a lactating mother-a first in the medical literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fulltext Hair Thread Tourniquet Syndrome in an Infant: Emergency Exploration Saves Limbs

Kesu Belani L, Leong JF, Narin Singh PSG, Abdullah S

Cureus, 2019 Dec 13;11(12):e6377.
PMID: 31938655 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.6377

Hair thread tourniquet syndrome (HTTS) is a rare condition where fibres constrict around appendages causing ischaemia and necrosis. It is a sporadically reported condition, where almost all reported cases showed involvement of fingers, toes or genitalia. A significant number of the cases are infants aged two weeks to six months where it is attributed to the mother's excessive hair fall due to hormonal changes after delivery. We present a two-month-old infant who was irritable for the past two days with her left ring finger exhibiting an ischaemic constriction with no apparent insulting agent. She successfully treated surgically after we suspected an incomplete removal of hair thread in the emergency department. We would like to highlight the importance of a high index of suspicion in cases as such as early intervention saves the appendage.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fetal surgery and stem cell therapy for meningomyelocele

Hii LY, Sung CA, Shaw SW

Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2020 04;32(2):147-151.
PMID: 32004173 DOI: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000614

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the advance of maternal--fetal surgery, the research of stem cell transplantation and tissue engineering in prenatal management of fetal meningomyelocele (fMMC).
RECENT FINDINGS: Advance in the imaging study provides more accurate assessment of fMMC in utero. Prenatal maternal--fetal surgery in fMMC demonstrates favourable postnatal outcome. Minimally invasive fetal surgery minimizes uterine wall disruption. Endoscopic fetal surgery is performed via laparotomy-assisted or entirely percutaneous approach. The postnatal outcome for open and endoscopic fetal surgery shares no difference. Single layer closure during repair of fMMC is preferred to reduce postnatal surgical intervention. All maternal--fetal surgeries impose anesthetic and obstetric risk to pregnant woman. Ruptured of membrane and preterm delivery are common complications. Trans-amniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET) showed potential tissue regeneration in animal models. Fetal tissue engineering with growth factors and dura substitutes with biosynthetic materials promote spinal cord regeneration. This will overcome the challenge of closure in large fMMC. Planning of the maternal--fetal surgery should adhere to ethical framework to minimize morbidity to both fetus and mother.
SUMMARY: Combination of endoscopic fetal surgery with TRASCET or tissue engineering will be a new vision to achieve to improve the outcome of prenatal intervention in fMMC.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fulltext Survey dataset of women perception on caesarean section

Woon YH, Suhaini SA

Data Brief, 2021 Apr;35:106501.
PMID: 33997187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106501

A caesarean section (CS) is a common birth delivery mode, which involves delivery of the baby through a surgical incision on the mother's abdomen and uterus. This article presents a survey dataset on the perception and response of women about the CS. This survey employed a quantitative research design. The data were collected by means of a face to face questionnaire. Majority of the respondents are in the age range of 31 - 40 years old. The findings indicate that the respondents mainly refer to the internet to obtain information about the birth delivery mode that helped the respondents to decide on their mode of preference. This is followed by obstetrician/midwife and friends. Various statements were used to determine the perception of respondents towards CS.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
A comparison of parenting stress between mothers of children with spina bifida and able-bodied controls

Ong LC, Norshireen NA, Chandran V

Dev Neurorehabil, 2011;14(1):22-8.
PMID: 21241175 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2010.523057

To compare parenting stress between mothers of children with spina bifida (SB) and able bodied controls.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers/psychology*
Fulltext Impact of Pediatric Acute Otitis Media on Child and Parental Quality of Life and Associated Productivity Loss in Malaysia: A Prospective Observational Study

Crawford B, Hashim SS, Prepageran N, See GB, Meier G, Wada K, et al.

Drugs Real World Outcomes, 2017 Mar;4(1):21-31.
PMID: 27888477 DOI: 10.1007/s40801-016-0099-9

BACKGROUND: Acute otitis media (AOM) affects both child and parental quality of life (QoL). Data on QoL associated with AOM in Malaysia is sparse, and the burden of indirect costs have not been previously reported.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of pediatric AOM on child and parental QoL in Malaysia and its economic impact (indirect costs).
METHODS: We utilized a set of QoL questionnaires (PAR-AOM-QOL, OM-6, and EQ-5D) combined with questions addressing work/productivity loss and financial costs associated with caring for a child during his or her illness in an observational, multicenter, prospective study.
RESULTS: One hundred and ten AOM patients aged ≤5 years were included in the analysis. The majority of respondents were the patient's mother. Parental QoL was negatively affected for both emotional and daily disturbance scales, but the level of disturbance was low. Using OM-6, the greatest negative impact was on the child's QoL, followed by caregiver concerns, physical suffering, and emotional distress. Using EQ-5D, a moderately positive relationship between parents' emotional disturbance and daily disturbance, and a weak, negative correlation between parental emotional disturbance and parental health status was found. Parents with paid employment took an average of 21 h from work to care for their child, at an average cost of 321.8 Malaysian ringgit (US$97) in addition to their contribution to direct medical costs. Productivity losses whilst at work, uncompensated wage losses, and leisure time losses are also reported.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that AOM is associated with some negative impact on parental QoL and significant economic impact at both patient and societal levels. The findings provide useful data on healthcare resource utilization and disease burden of AOM in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fulltext Comparative study on attitudes and psychological problems of mothers towards their children with developmental disability

Shobana M, Saravanan C

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2014 Mar;24(1):16-22.
PMID: 24676483

Objective: Parents’ positive attitudes and psychological wellbeing play an important role in the development of the children with developmental disability. This study aimed to measure the prevalence of psychological problems among mothers of children with autism disorder, intellectual disability, and Down syndrome. The second aim was to assess the differences in mothers’ attitudes and psychological problems among their children with intellectual disability, autism disorder, and Down syndrome. The third aim was to identify whether negative attitude was a predictor of psychological problems in these mothers.
Methods: In this study, 112 mothers of children having mild and moderate levels of autism disorder, Down syndrome, and intellectual disability were assessed using the Parental Attitude Scale and General Health Questionnaire–28.
Results: Overall, mothers of children with intellectual disability were found to have the most negative attitude towards their child. Mothers of children with autism disorder exhibited higher scores on somatic symptoms, anxiety, and social dysfunction when compared with their counterparts with Down syndrome and intellectual disability. Negative attitude was a significant predictor of psychological problems.
Conclusion: Parental attitudes and psychological problems would vary among mothers of children with different types of developmental disability.
Key words: Autistic disorder; Down syndrome; Intellectual disability; Mothers

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers/psychology*
Fulltext Maternal filicide among women admitted to forensic psychiatric institutions in Malaysia: case series

Razali S, Salleh RM, Yahya B, Ahmad SH

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2015 Jun;25(2):79-87.
PMID: 26118747

Objectives: To examine the characteristics of maternal filicide and describe the adverse life events experienced by women who have committed filicide and been hospitalised in forensic psychiatric institutions in Malaysia.
Methods: Registration records from 2000 through 2012 of female patients from 2 main forensic psychiatric institutions in Malaysia were reviewed. The medical records of patients who had committed maternal filicide were selected and descriptively evaluated.
Results: A total of 18 cases of maternal filicide were identified. Family dysfunction that presented with marital discord, domestic violence, or husband with substance abuse was the main stress experienced by the women. Three social circumstances, including an adolescent who became a victim of date rape; immigrants who experienced sexual abuse; and filicide-suicide precipitated by financial difficulties were highlighted.
Conclusion: Women who committed filicide had experienced various difficulties in their life. The presence of such life events might alert mental health professionals to investigate the possibility of filicide among their patients.
Key words: Depressive disorder; Domestic violence; Infanticide; Maternal behavior

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fulltext Building professional qualities through a community placement programme for medical students

Mat Pa MN, Ab Rahman A, Abdul Rahim AF, Yusoff MSB, Yaacob NA

Education in Medicine Journal, 2011;3(1):60-62.
MyJurnal

The community placement programme was first introduced to our medical students in 2007. The objectives of this community service programme are to enable students to explore and understand the importance of various skills such as leadership, teamwork and interest towards community services, as well as to improve their skills in those areas for becoming better students and future doctors. The first year medical students were tasked to plan, organize and implement activities in selected communities such as disabled people, orphans, neglected elderly, the poor, HIV positive single mothers and children. Amongst the activities conducted were sharing experiences and thoughts, games, donation and ‘gotong-royong’. The objective of this study was to evaluate the students’ perception on the successfulness of the community placement programme in building their professional qualities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the first year medical students using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 elements of professional qualities such as leadership and team work skills, interest towards community services, volunteerism and empathy. Self-reflection sessions were also held to explore the learning points gained. A total of 147 students answered the questionnaires. The students rated the overall programme as highly useful (80.6%) and as achieving the objectives (80.1%). They perceived that this programme helped them to improve their personal and professional skills such as leadership (70.0%), team work (71.4%), interest towards community services (87.1%), volunteerism (85.0%), and empathy (89.1%). Self-reflection revealed that the programme made them realize the role of doctors in a community, appreciate the spirit of teamwork and helped them to understand the need of vulnerable groups. As a conclusion, this programme was well-accepted and perceived as assisting medical students to build professional qualities to become caring and competent doctors.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fulltext Modelling person-to-person transmission in an Enterovirus A71 orally infected hamster model of hand-foot-and-mouth disease and encephalomyelitis

Phyu WK, Ong KC, Wong KT

Emerg Microbes Infect, 2017 Jul 12;6(7):e62.
PMID: 28698666 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.49

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), which may be complicated by fatal encephalomyelitis. Although fecal-oral or oral-oral routes are important in person-to-person transmission, how viral shedding and exposure may predispose individuals to infection remains unknown. We investigated person-to-person transmission by using a model of HFMD and encephalomyelitis based on EV-A71 oral infection of 2-week-old hamsters. Animals (index animals) infected with 104 50% cell culture infective doses of virus uniformly developed severe disease four days post-infection (dpi), whereas littermate contacts developed severe disease after six to seven days of exposure to index animals. Virus was detected in oral washes and feces at 3-4 dpi in index animals and at three to eight days after exposure to index animals in littermate contact animals. In a second experiment, non-littermate contact animals exposed for 8 or 12 h to index animals developed the disease six and four days post-exposure, respectively. Tissues from killed index and contact animals, studied by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, exhibited mild inflammatory lesions and/or viral antigens/RNA in the squamous epithelia of the oral cavity, tongue, paws, skin, esophagus, gastric epithelium, salivary glands, lacrimal glands, central nervous system neurons, muscles (skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles) and liver. Orally shed viruses were probably derived from infected oral mucosa and salivary glands, whereas fecal viruses may have derived from these sites as well as from esophageal and gastric epithelia. Asymptomatic seroconversion in exposed mother hamsters was demonstrated. Our hamster model should be useful in studying person-to-person EV-A71 transmission and how drugs and vaccines may interrupt transmission.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang

Ikhlasiah M, Winarni LM, Poddar S, Bhaumik A

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:202-205.
PMID: 32713569 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.054

Based on preliminary studies, it is known that 80% of working mothers fail to make exclusive breastfeeding, on average babies are given formula milk 2-4 months old and stop breastfeeding at 6-18 months of age. Papaya leaves are one of the galactagogues that contain quercetin which can activate the hormone prolactin and help increase breastmilk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work toward increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. The research design used was a pre-experimental model with one group pretest-posttest design. Samples taken as many as 10 mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months who have difficulty in breastfeeding because the amount of breastmilk was a little. The study was conducted in several clinics in Tangerang. The intervention was giving papaya leaf juice for 7 consecutive days. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 90% of mothers aged between 20 and 35 years, 70% of mothers have a history of spontaneous labor and have no complications at the time of delivery, 40% of mother's education is junior high school (SMP), and 70% of mothers are primiparas. The average increase in the amount of prolactin after the intervention was 19.59ng/ml, while the average weight gain of the newborn after the intervention was 165g. Wilcoxon test results for increased levels of the hormone prolactin p-value of 0.047<0.05 and for an increase in body weight of newborns p-value of 0.009<0.05. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of giving papaya leaf juice for nursing mothers who work on increasing levels of the hormone prolactin and infant weight in Tangerang. Papaya leaf juice can be a galactagogue for mothers who experience problems with a small amount of breastmilk.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers*
Influence of baby massage on sleep quantity in baby of 3-6 months age in Tirawuta health center, East Kolaka District, Indonesia

Wahyuni S, Lestari SA, Zoahira WOA, Masriwatii S, Hoon LS

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:224-227.
PMID: 32713576 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.060

Based on the results of the initial survey it was known that the number of babies who visited Puskesmas Tirawuta in 2017 were 42 in number. Whereas in 2018 March-May there were 25 babies at Puskesmas Tirawuta, East Kolaka District. In addition, the initial interview on March 26, 2018 showed that the author did this at Puskesmas Tirawuta, and it obtained a mother who had a baby and visited for immunizations. About 7 people said the baby had trouble in sleeping and sometimes they were fussy. Besides, some report frequent waking up when sleeping at night, crying when waking up and so on. Among the mothers who brought their babies to Puskesmas, 7 mothers said they knew or had heard about baby massage but is not knowledgeable how to massage properly. About 3 people said that at the same time they did not know how to massage a baby. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of baby massage toward the quantity of sleeping among the babies aged 3-6 month at the Puskesmas Tirawuta in East Kolaka District. The design of this study is quasi-experimental where the design used was "One Group Pretest-Posttest Design". The population in this study was the number of babies aged 3-6 months with decreased sleeping quantity. Nearly 25 babies with a sample of 13 respondents were there. Data was processed using Paired T-Test. The results of the analysis obtained the value of t count=3.742>1.356 where t table for df 12 with the results of statistical tests was significant at a value 0.003<0.20. This showed that there was a significant effect of giving baby massage on the quantity of sleep among babies aged 3-6 months at Puskesmas Tirawuta, East Kolaka District. From the results of the research, suggestions were proposed that health workers need to conduct counseling, demonstration and distribution of leaflets. Hence, mothers were motivated to massage their babies. This could be done through Integrated Healthcare Center activities.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers*
Murotal Al-Quran therapy on decreasing labor pain and anxiety in maternity mothers first phase

Rosmiarti, Ria G, Maya A, Jamalluddin SB

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:110-114.
PMID: 32713546 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.034

BACKGROUND: Childbirth is a physiological event in every development of a woman to become a mother. This event can cause trauma because of the pain she experienced. The main factors in labor are passage, passager and power, psychological (psychological factors) and childbirth helpers. A woman needs physical, emotional, psychosexual and psychosocial maturity before marriage and becomes pregnant. Feelings of anxiety, fear of pain will make women uneasy facing pregnancy, childbirth and childbirth, non-pharmacological therapy that can be given in various ways, namely; acupressure, acupuncture, cold compresses, warm compresses, hydrotherapy, hypnotherapy, endorphin massage, relaxation and distraction techniques. The effectiveness of giving murotal Al-Quran audio will increase the power of faith and provide peace of mind.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Murotal Al Quran Therapy on Decreasing Labor Pain and Anxiety in Maternity in the First Phase in Maternity Clinic Ar-Rahmah Indralaya Ogan Ilir. The population of this research was maternity inpartu when I was an active phase which amounted to 20 people.
METHODS: The type of research used in this study was quasi-experiment. The research design used was one group comparison pretest-posttest design to test the intensity of pain intensity using Shapiro-Wilk.
RESULT: From the results of the study obtained the normality test obtained p=0.039 and 0.069 which showed the data did not normally distribute, the difference between before and after being given Murotal Al-Quran 0.30 with p=0.008 showed that there was a difference in pain scale before and after therapy Murotal Al-Quran, for the anxiety of the difference between before and after being given therapeutic Murotal Al-Quran 0.021 with p=0.025 which shows that there are differences in pain scale before and after the Murotal Al-Quran is concluded.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that Murotal Al-Quran can reduce pain and anxiety in maternity when I was an active phase. It is expected that midwives can improve services through the development of midwifery care, especially for women who experience severe pain.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Early screening of baby blues based on Android applications: First-week postpartum

Sarli D, Gunawan I, Novinaldi, Poddar S

Enferm Clin, 2020 06;30 Suppl 5:129-132.
PMID: 32713551 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.11.038

Postpartum depression (PPD) is quite large, where there are 1 in 25 postpartum women experiencing PPD who still report symptoms of PPD after six months. The highest risk of experiencing PPD is more experienced by primiparas detected in 10-19 postpartum days. For PPD to not adversely affect the mother and baby, initial screening is needed to prevent the occurrence of PPD by using an Android-based EPDS application. The research objectives are an early screening of baby blues based on Android application and to determine the factors influence of baby blues. Participants download EPDS apps to make it easier for participants to screen the baby blues at the beginning of the first week after giving birth. On fourth week, the mothers refill EPDS apps screening to compare the results of screening the first week with fourth week using the Dependent T-test. In this study also analyzed the factors that influence the baby blues such as education, employment, parity, and age using the ANOVA Test. The study sample was the first-week postpartum mothers with a total sample of 64 people. The average EPDS screening results in the first week were 6.64, with a standard deviation of 2.57. The screening results on fourth week are 6.70, with a standard deviation of 2.53. The results of statistical tests obtained p-value 0.208; it can conclude that there was no difference in the results of screening tests in the first week with the fourth week. PPD events occur mostly in primiparas and women aged <20 years with p-value 0.001, while in education p-value 0.596 and employment-value 0.784. It recommended for pregnant women and health workers to do screening in the first week of postpartum so that it can detect PPD early.

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers
Fulltext Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia

Mohamed NN, Loy SL, Man CN, Al-Mamun A, Jan Mohamed HJ

Environ Health Prev Med, 2016 Nov;21(6):572-578.
PMID: 27770244

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study are to determine parental and children's hair nicotine levels, their relationships as well as to investigate the association of smoking status of the fathers with mothers' and children's hair nicotine.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 124 families who were participants of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Pregnancy Cohort Study. Both parents with their 2 years old children joined this study. A total of 92 hair samples of fathers, 124 hair samples of mothers and 111 hair samples of children were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
RESULTS: Of total, 52.4 % of the fathers reported smoking. None of the mothers were smokers. Hair nicotine levels of fathers were found to be significantly correlated with mothers (r = 0.233, p = 0.026) and children (r = 0.508, p

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers*
Toxicity study of the oil dispersant Corexit 9527 on Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) egg hatchability by using a flow-through bioassay technique

Law AT

Environ Pollut, 1995;88(3):341-3.
PMID: 15091547

The effect of the oil-spill dispersant Corexit 9527 on egg-hatching rate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) was studied by using an innovated flow-through bioassay technique. This bioassay method relies on the fact that M. rosenbergii fertilized eggs when detached from the mother prawn were able to hatch artificially. The flow-through system generated a stable and good water quality environment for hatching the eggs successfully. The Corexit 9527 had a pronounced effect on hatching rate of the M. rosenbergii eggs. In the control, the hatching rate of the eggs was 95.55% +/- 1.74%. However, it was reduced drastically with increasing concentrations of Corexit 9527. A 100% inhibition of egg hatchability was found when the level of Corexit 9527 was higher than 250 mg litre(-1). The EC(50) and the EC(95) values estimated by the probit method were 80.4 +/- 5.5 mg litre(-1) and 193.5 +/- 39.9 mg litre(-1) respectively (P = 0.05). The recommended safety level of Corexit 9527 for M. rosenbergii in Malaysian estuarine waters is below 40 mg litre(-1).

Matched MeSH terms: Mothers

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