OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency, type and predictors of various types of DTPs among CKD patients at a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at Sandeman Provincial Hospital, Quetta between 1-11-2020 and 31-1-2021. It included 303 non-dialysis ambulatory patients of CKD-stage 3 and above. Cipolle et al., criterion was used for classifying the DTPs and a clinician at the study site checked the identified DTPs for accuracy. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23. Multivariate analysis was conducted to find the predictors of individual types of DTPs. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: The patients received a total of 2265 drugs with a median of eight drugs per patient (range: 3-15 drugs). A total of 576 DTPs were identified among 86.1% patients with a median of two DTPs (interquartile range 1-3) per patient. Dosage too high (53.5%) was the most common DTP followed by adverse drug reactions (ADRs) (50.5%) and need of additional drug therapy (37.6%). In multivariate analysis, patients' age of >40 years emerged as a predictor of unnecessary drug therapy and dosage too high. The odds of needing a different drug product was significantly high in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). The dosage too low had significant association with CVD. The risk of ADRs was significantly high in elderly patients (>60 years) and those with CVD. The presence of hypertension, DM and CKD stage-5 emerged as predictors of dosage too high.
CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of DTPs among CKD patients. Targeted interventions in high risk patients may reduce the frequency of DTPs at the study site.
METHOD: The online survey was conducted among the residents of Sindh, Pakistan, in July 2021 through a survey tool designed using Google Forms and sent to the population through various social media.
RESULTS: Of 926 study participants, 59.0% were male, and 68.6% were aged between 18 and 31 years. Higher percentages of responses were recorded from the Hyderabad division (37.5%), and 60.0% of respondents were graduates, with 34.8% of them in the private sector. The results showed that 36.4% of respondents had good knowledge, and 30.3% had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination. Almost 77% of respondents perceived that everyone should get vaccinated in the country and those health care workers on priority. A majority (80.8%) of respondents were willing to accept COVID-19 vaccination.
CONCLUSION: Despite having insufficient knowledge and a low percentage of positive attitude public in Sindh are willing to be vaccinated. Based on this finding, more effort has to be done to promote vaccination among the public, especially among the less educated population.
METHODS: From January 1, 2014, to February 12, 2022, we conducted a prospective cohort study. To estimate CAUTI incidence, the number of UC days was the denominator, and CAUTI was the numerator. To estimate CAUTI RFs, we analyzed 11 variables using multiple logistic regression.
RESULTS: 84,920 patients hospitalized for 499,272 patient days acquired 869 CAUTIs. The pooled CAUTI rate per 1,000 UC-days was 3.08; for those using suprapubic-catheters (4.11); indwelling-catheters (2.65); trauma-ICU (10.55), neurologic-ICU (7.17), neurosurgical-ICU (5.28); in lower-middle-income countries (3.05); in upper-middle-income countries (1.71); at public-hospitals (5.98), at private-hospitals (3.09), at teaching-hospitals (2.04). The following variables were identified as CAUTI RFs: Age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.01-1.02; P
BACKGROUND: While the attitudinal outcomes of organisational dehumanization have been a focus of research, its behavioural outcomes are a relatively ignored research area.
METHOD: Data were collected from 295 nurses working in hospitals across Pakistan via self-administered questionnaires with two measurement points to test the direct and indirect effects of organisational dehumanization.
RESULTS: The hypothesized relationships were tested with SPSS 25 and the Process Macro Model 7. The results showed that organisational dehumanization increased deviant behaviours among nurses directly and indirectly via job stress. Moreover, occupational self-efficacy plays moderation role and weakens the relationship between organisational dehumanization and job stress.
CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the existing literature by concentrating on predictors that trigger deviant behaviour among nurses. It also assessed the mediating impact of job stress, an essential endeavour for researchers and practitioners.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The study outcomes can help the health sector improve their strategies to address organisational dehumanization and deviant behaviour among nurses.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among community pharmacists in Lahore from 1 November 2017 to 31 December 2017. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Non-probability convenience sampling was performed to select community pharmacists. Descriptive statistics were applied and Mann-Whitney U-tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to compare independent groups using SPSS v.20.0. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Perception and practice scores were determined to access community pharmacist knowledge regarding AMS. A score of 0.5-1 was considered to be very good.
RESULTS: The overall response rate was 70.9%. Sex, age, work experience and education level did not significantly influence the perception and practices of community pharmacists. Experienced pharmacists showed a better response to AMS. The majority of pharmacists strongly agreed that they educate patients on the use of antimicrobials and resistance-related issues.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that community pharmacists in Lahore have good perception regarding AMS and they are practicing it well. But there are several gaps in their practices that must be filled, such as dispensing without a prescription and dispensing for a longer duration than prescribed. Additionally, there should be strict implementation of guidelines for dispensing antibiotics in order to rationalise antibiotic use and decrease antimicrobial resistance.