MyMedR

Cancer epidemiology and control in peninsular and island South-East Asia - past, present and future

Moore MA, Manan AA, Chow KY, Cornain SF, Devi CR, Triningsih FX, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11 Suppl 2:81-98.

PMID: 20553070

Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia, East Timor and the Philippines constitute peninsular and island South-East Asia. For reasons of largely shared ethnicity, with Chinese elements added to the basic Austromalaysian populations, as well as geographical contiguity, they can be usefully grouped together for studies of chronic disease prevalence and underlying risk factors. The fact of problems are shared in common, particularly regarding increasing cancer rates, underlines the necessity for a coordinated approach to research and development of control measures. To provide a knowledge base, the present review of available data for cancer registration, epidemiology and control was conducted. The most prevalent cancer site in males is the lung, followed by the liver, colon or the prostate in the majority of cases, while breast and cervical cancers predominate in most female populations. However, there are interesting differences among the racial groups, particularly regarding the stomach. General tendencies for increase in adenocarcinomas but decrease in squamous cell carcinomas and gastric cancer, point to change in environmental influence over time. Variation in risk factors depends to some extent on the level of economic development but overall the countries of the region face similar challenges in achieving effective cancer control. A major task is persuading the general populace of the efficacy of early detection and clinical treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Cancer prevention in the Asia Pacific region

Yoo KY

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(4):839-44.

PMID: 21133587

Cancer incidences as well as the most prevalent cancer types vary greatly across Asian countries since people have differing health behaviors as well as lifestyle factors related to cancer risk. Countries have varying systems of government organization, laws, resources, facilities, and management strategies for addressing the cancer burden. Examples such as Korea and Japan with existing national cancer control programs need to focus on early screening and detection and quality of screening methods. If screening and detection increase to cover more than 50% of the target population, survival rate increases and thus the number of cancer patients detected increases resulting in higher medical cost. Thus, expansion of cancer screening, in addition to smoking prevention, immunization increase, and diet control awareness, are needed for cancer prevention strategies. Countries such as Thailand, China, Malaysia, and Turkey need to begin organized efforts to reduce cancer deaths through state-wide cancer screening programs. Strategies focused on increasing survival among cancer patients are also needed. In addition, government organizations and law regulations need to be in place as the first step towards cancer prevention. For the countries such as Nepal, Pakistan, Mongolia, and Iraq which do not have any cancer-related organizations in place, the first step that is needed is to raise public awareness about cancer; a public awareness campaign is the number one priority and should begin immediately. The easiest and most feasible step at this point is dissemination of cancer education materials during school health education and physical health screening. This must be started immediately because we need to avoid the development of existing cancers where patients will need to seek specialized cancer treatment facilities that are non-existent in these regions. In addition, hospitals need to take a step further and start undergoing registration of cancer prevalence and incidence cases beginning at the regional level. Through the hospital census, countries will be able to determine the magnitude of the cancer burden. Moreover, countries with professionals and researchers with advanced cancer research, education, and training also need to contribute through international cooperation.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Suicide trends in Singapore: 1955-2004

Chia BH, Chia A, Yee NW, Choo TB

Arch Suicide Res, 2010;14(3):276-83.

PMID: 20658381 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2010.494147

The objective of this study was to investigate suicide trends in Singapore between 1955 and 2004. Suicide cases were identified from the Registry of Birth and Death, Singapore, and analyzed using Poisson regression. Overall, suicide rates in Singapore remained stable between 9.8-13.0/100,000 over the last 5 decades. Rates remain highest in elderly males, despite declines among the elderly and middle-aged males in recent years. Rates in ethnic Chinese and Indians were consistently higher than in Malays. While the rates among female Indians and Chinese have declined significantly between 1995 and 2004, some increase was noted in female Malays. Although there was no increase in overall suicide rates, risk within certain population segments has changed over time.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries*

Fulltext Cross-sectional survey of multi-centre patient registries in malaysia

Sharmini S, Jamaiyah H, Jaya Purany SP

Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(1):13-8.

PMID: 25606180 MyJurnal

This survey set out to describe patient registries available in the country, to determine their security features, data confidentiality, extent of outputs produced and data quality of the registries.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Schizophrenia, substance use and aggressions: what are the relationships?

Rusdi Abd. Rashid, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Nor Zuraida Zainal, Noorzurani Robson, Mas Ayu Said, Mohammad Hussain Habil, et al.

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2010;11(1):72-78.

MyJurnal

Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of substance abuse for alcohol, cannabis, opiates, stimulants, solvent and other substances among patients with schizophrenia in Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta (HBUK), Perak , Central Peninsular of Malaysia. This study also aims to determine the association of substance abuse with aggression, the demographic characteristics and total duration of hospitalization.
Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study whereby the first 194 subjects diagnosed to have schizophrenia based on International Classification of Disease, 10th edition (ICD-10) criteria were taken from data registry of patients admitted to HBUK from January until February 2004. The subjects’ medical files were examined for documentation of substances abuse, aggression and accumulative duration of hospitalization.
Results: The results showed the prevalence of substances misuse among patients with schizophrenia in general (including alcohol) was 24.7%. Cannabis 16.7%, alcohol 13.4%, opiates(heroin) 6.7%, Amphetamine type stimulants (amphetamine, metamphetamine, ecstacy) 5.7%, and other substances (benzodiazepine, solvents) 1.5%.
Conclusion: There is higher prevalence of substance misuse in patients with schizophrenia as compared to general population. Male patients with history of substance misuse are more likely to have aggression than female. This group needs special precaution and probably in need of specialist help.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Diabetic hypertensive control and treatment: a descriptive from the Audit Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM) registry

Chew BH, Mastura I, Cheong AT, Syed Alwi SAR

Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(3):134-138.

PMID: 25606205 MyJurnal

Hypertension is a common co-morbidity in diabetes mellitus (DM) that may lead to serious complications if not adequately controlled. This is a descriptive study based on data from the Audit of Diabetes Control and Management (ADCM) registry. This audit assessed the treatment and standard of control of hypertension in diabetic patients aged 18 years and above. Data were analysed using STATA version 9.From a total of 20 646 cases, about two third of them, 13 417 (65%) were reported to have hypertension. 19 484 (94.4%) had their blood pressure (BP) recorded and out of these, 11 414 (58.5%) were found to have BP >130/80 mmHg. 13 601 cases (65.9%) of the total sample were on antihypertensive drugs. 64.1% of those on antihypertensive drugs were prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blockers. 14.2% were on more than two types of antihypertensive drugs. Older patients and those with longer duration of DM were less likely to achieve the target BP of ≤130/80. In general, about 40% of diabetic cases registered in the ADCM project had their hypertension well controlled.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Diabetes Registry Malaysia: report of an audit of diabetes control and management (January-December 2009)

Ismail M, Haniff J, Wan Bebakar WM

Citation: Ismail M, Haniff J, Wan Bebakar WM. Diabetes Registry Malaysia: report of an audit of diabetes control and management (January-December 2009). Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre, 2010

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Annual report of National Orthopaedic Registry Malaysia (NORM) Hip Fracture 2009

Abdullah MAH, Abdullah AT

Citation:
Abdullah MAH, Abdullah AT. Annual report of National Orthopaedic Registry Malaysia (NORM) Hip Fracture 2009. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre, Kuala Lumpur; 2010

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext The second report of the National Eye Database 2008

Citation: The second annual report of the National Eye Database 2008. Goh PP, Livingstone BI, Hussein E, Ismail M, editors. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; 2010

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Annual report of National Orthopaedic Registry Malaysia (NORM) Diabetic Foot 2009

Abdullah MAH, Abdullah AT

Citation: Abdullah MAH, Abdullah AT. Annual report of National Orthopaedic Registry Malaysia (NORM) Diabetic Foot 2009. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia; 2010

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Global utilization of low-dose corticosteroids in severe sepsis and septic shock: a report from the PROGRESS registry

Beale R, Janes JM, Brunkhorst FM, Dobb G, Levy MM, Martin GS, et al.

Crit Care, 2010;14(3):R102.

PMID: 20525247 DOI: 10.1186/cc9044

INTRODUCTION: The benefits and use of low-dose corticosteroids (LDCs) in severe sepsis and septic shock remain controversial. Surviving sepsis campaign guidelines suggest LDC use for septic shock patients poorly responsive to fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. Their use is suspected to be wide-spread, but paucity of data regarding global practice exists. The purpose of this study was to compare baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients treated or not treated with LDC from the international PROGRESS (PROmoting Global Research Excellence in Severe Sepsis) cohort study of severe sepsis.

METHODS: Patients enrolled in the PROGRESS registry were evaluated for use of vasopressor and LDC (equivalent or lesser potency to hydrocortisone 50 mg six-hourly plus 50 microg 9-alpha-fludrocortisone) for treatment of severe sepsis at any time in intensive care units (ICUs). Baseline characteristics and hospital mortality were analyzed, and logistic regression techniques used to develop propensity score and outcome models adjusted for baseline imbalances between groups.

RESULTS: A total of 8,968 patients with severe sepsis and sufficient data for analysis were studied. A total of 79.8% (7,160/8,968) of patients received vasopressors, and 34.0% (3,051/8,968) of patients received LDC. Regional use of LDC was highest in Europe (51.1%) and lowest in Asia (21.6%). Country use was highest in Brazil (62.9%) and lowest in Malaysia (9.0%). A total of 14.2% of patients on LDC were not receiving any vasopressor therapy. LDC patients were older, had more co-morbidities and higher disease severity scores. Patients receiving LDC spent longer in ICU than patients who did not (median of 12 versus 8 days; P <0.001). Overall hospital mortality rates were greater in the LDC than in the non-LDC group (58.0% versus 43.0%; P <0.001). After adjusting for baseline imbalances, in all mortality models (with vasopressor use), a consistent association remained between LDC and hospital mortality (odds ratios varying from 1.30 to 1.47).

CONCLUSIONS: Widespread use of LDC for the treatment of severe sepsis with significant regional and country variation exists. In this study, 14.2% of patients received LDC despite the absence of evidence of shock. Hospital mortality was higher in the LDC group and remained higher after adjustment for key determinates of mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries*

Survival and prognostic factors of motor neuron disease in a multi-ethnic Asian population

Goh KJ, Tian S, Shahrizaila N, Ng CW, Tan CT

Amyotroph Lateral Scler, 2011 Mar;12(2):124-9.

PMID: 21039118 DOI: 10.3109/17482968.2010.527986

Our objective was to determine the survival and prognostic factors of motor neuron disease (MND) in a multi-ethnic cohort of Malaysian patients. All patients seen at a university medical centre between January 2000 and December 2009 had their case records reviewed for demographic, clinical and follow-up data. Mortality data, if unavailable from records, were obtained by telephone interview of relatives or from the national mortality registry. Of the 73 patients, 64.4% were Chinese, 19.2% Malays and 16.4% Indians. Male: female ratio was 1.43: 1. Mean age at onset was 51.5 + 11.3 years. Onset was spinal in 75.3% and bulbar in 24.7% of the patients; 94.5% were ALS and 5.5% were progressive muscular atrophy (PMA). Overall median survival was 44.9 + 5.8 months. Ethnic Indians had shorter interval from symptom onset to diagnosis and shorter median survival compared to non-Indians. On Cox proportional hazards analysis, poor prognostic factors were bulbar onset, shorter interval from symptom onset to diagnosis and worse functional score at presentation. In conclusion, age of onset and median survival duration are similar to previous reports in Asians. Clinical features and prognostic factors are similar to other populations. In our cohort, ethnic Indians had more rapid disease course accounting for their shorter survival.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Breast cancer in a multi-ethnic Asian setting: results from the Singapore-Malaysia hospital-based breast cancer registry

Bhoo-Pathy N, Yip CH, Taib NA, Hartman M, Saxena N, Iau P, et al.

Breast, 2011 Apr;20 Suppl 2:S75-80.

PMID: 21316967 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.01.015

Two hospital-based breast cancer databases (University Malaya Medical Center, Malaysia [n = 1513] and National University Hospital, Singapore [n = 2545]) were merged into a regional registry of breast cancer patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2007. A review of the data found 51% of patients diagnosed before the age of 50 years. and 72% percent of the women were Chinese followed by Malays (16%), Indians (8%), and other races (4%). Median tumor size at presentation was 26 mm and about 25% of patients presented with TNM stage III or IV disease. Most tumors were of ductal histology (87%). Fifty-seven percent of tumors were estrogen receptor positive and 40% were poorly differentiated. Of those patients who had surgery, 70% had mastectomy while 30% had breast conserving surgery. Overall, chemotherapy was administered to 56% of patients and hormonal treatment to 60%. Five-year overall survival was 82.5% in patients with TNM stage 0 to stage II cancer, and 30.2% in those with later stages.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries*

Fulltext Ethnic differences in glycaemic control and complications: the adult diabetes control and management (ADCM), Malaysia

Chew BH, Mastura I, Lee PY, Wahyu TS, Cheong AT, Zaiton A

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):244-8.

PMID: 22111449 MyJurnal

Ethnicity is an important factor in diabetes care. The understanding of its effect in this country may help to improve diabetes care, glycaemic control and diabetic complication rates. This study was to determine the diabetes control profile in relation to complication rates between the three main ethnics group in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext A commentary on delayed presentation of breast cancer in Singapore

Chang G, Chan CW, Hartman M

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011;12(6):1635-9.

PMID: 22126512

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Singaporean women and the rate of increase in incidence is one of the highest in the world. In view of the significant contribution of delayed presentation to the disease burden in South East Asia, we reviewed the incidence of late presentation of breast cancer and the contributing factors in Singapore. Disease presentation was analysed using studies based on the Singapore Cancer Registry 2004-2008 and with data from women with breast cancer at the National University Hospital (NUH) in Singapore 1990-2007. Available literature from Singapore on factors contributing to delayed presentation was reviewed and presented here. The overall age-standardized 5-year relative survival for Singaporean women was 70% with only half diagnosed with localized cancer. Of all women diagnosed at NUH close to 20% presented at Stages III and IV. Given the magnitude of the problem of women presenting with more advanced stages of breast cancer, the National University of Singapore has joined a collaborative team with the University of Leeds (UK), the University of Malaya, and University of UAE to set up the UK-SEA-ME Psychosocial-Cultural Cancer Research Network to better understand late presentation.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Percutaneous coronary intervention in Asians--are there differences in clinical outcome?

Koh AS, Khin LW, Choi LM, Sim LL, Chua TS, Koh TH, et al.

BMC Cardiovasc Disord, 2011;11:22.

PMID: 21605387 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-22

Ethnic differences in clinical outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have been reported. Data within different Asian subpopulations is scarce. We aim to explore the differences in clinical profile and outcome between Chinese, Malay and Indian Asian patients who undergo PCI for coronary artery disease (CAD).

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Acute coronary syndrome in women of reproductive age

Idris N, Aznal SS, Chin SP, Wan Ahmad WA, Rosman A, Jeyaindran S, et al.

Int J Womens Health, 2011;3:375-80.

PMID: 22140324 DOI: 10.2147/IJWH.S15825

There is scarce or no data on prevalence and presentation of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among women of reproductive age. Furthermore, whether women of reproductive age presenting with ACS have the same risk factors as men and older women is not known.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Can global variation of nasopharynx cancer be retrieved from the combined analyses of IARC Cancer Information (CIN) databases?

Sun X, Tong LP, Wang YT, Wu YX, Sheng HS, Lu LJ, et al.

PLoS One, 2011;6(7):e22039.

PMID: 21760951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022039

The international nasopharynx cancer (NPC) burdens are masked due to the lack of integrated studies that examine epidemiological data based on up-to-date international disease databases such as the Cancer Information (CIN) databases provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext The third report of the National Eye Database 2009

Citation: The third report of the National Eye Database 2009. Goh PP, Salowi MA, editors. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; 2011

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

Fulltext Outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting in end stage renal disease patients

Koh KH, Tan C, Hii L, Ong TK, Jong YH

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):173-6.

PMID: 22822638 MyJurnal

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have a much higher rate of cardiac disease and cardiac mortality as compared with the general population. Revascularisation such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) may also carry a higher rate of complications and morbidity. We compared our ESRD patients who underwent CABG with the general population and ESRD population.

Matched MeSH terms: Registries

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