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Characteristics of overdose and non-overdose suicide attempts in a multi-ethnic Asian society

Mak KK, Ho CS, Zhang MW, Day JR, Ho RC

Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Oct;6(5):373-9.
PMID: 24011683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.03.011

Overdosing is an accessible method adopted by people attempting suicide in city settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Suicide prevention program for at-risk groups: pointers from an epidemiological study

Maniam T, Chinna K, Lim CH, Kadir AB, Nurashikin I, Salina AA, et al.

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S45-6.
PMID: 23454536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.022

The aim of this paper is to identify at-risk groups for a focused suicide prevention program for Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Fulltext Cannabis and amphetamine use among adolescents in five Asian countries

Peltzer K, Pengpid S

Cent Asian J Glob Health, 2017;6(1):288.
PMID: 30881756 DOI: 10.5195/cajgh.2017.288

Introduction: There has been a global increase in illicit drug use among young people. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lifetime cannabis and amphetamine use, as well as to explore factors associated with substance use among adolescents in five Asian countries: Iraq, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mongolia, and Vietnam.
Methods: 38,941 school children (mean age 15.4 years, SD=1.5) completed the cross-sectional Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS). Topics covered in the questionnaire included cannabis and amphetamine use. Personal, parental, and environmental attributes were explored as predictors of cannabis and amphetamine use. Logistic regression was used to assess the contribution of potential predictors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of lifetime cannabis use was 0.9% and lifetime amphetamine use was 1.0% among research participants. Cannabis use was influenced by male gender (Kuwait, Mongolia), parental smoking habits (Kuwait, Iraq), and current cigarette smoking in all countries. Amphetamine use was associated with suicidal ideation (Kuwait, Malaysia, Vietnam), school truancy (Malaysia, Mongolia, Vietnam), being a victim of physical assault (Kuwait, Mongolia), bullying victimization (Iraq, Malaysia, Vietnam), as well as anxiety and current cigarette use in all countries.
Conclusions: Our preliminary results show the importance of personal attributes such as mental distress and environmental stressors on lifetime cannabis and lifetime amphetamine use. Future prospective studies are needed to identify causal relationships among personal attributes, parental attributes, environmental stressors, and illicit substance use.
Study name: Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS)

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Sociodemographic, lifestyle and health determinants of suicidal behaviour in Malaysia

Cheah YK, Azahadi M, Phang SN, Abd Manaf NH

Psychiatry Res, 2018 03;261:319-324.
PMID: 29331849 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.086

Suicide has become a serious matter in both developed and developing countries. The objective of the present study is to examine the factors affecting suicidal behaviour among adults in Malaysia. A nationally representative data which consists of 10,141 respondents is used for analysis. A trivariate probit model is utilised to identify the probability of having suicide ideation, suicide plan and suicide attempt. Results of the regression analysis show that to ensure unbiased estimates, a trivariate probit model should be used instead of three separate probit models. The determining factors of suicidal behaviour are income, age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, self-rated health and being diagnosed with diabetes and hypercholesterolemia. The likelihood of adopting suicidal behaviour is lower among higher income earners and older individuals. Being male and married significantly reduce the propensity to engage in suicidal behaviour. Of all the ethnic groups, Indian/others displays the highest likelihood of adopting suicidal behaviour. There is a positive relationship between poor health condition and suicide. Policies targeted at individuals who are likely to adopt suicidal behaviour may be effective in lowering the prevalence of suicide.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Fulltext A Syndemic Clustering of Adversities on Suicide Risk among YMSM Living with HIV in Bangkok: A Causal Latent Class Analysis

Cheung DH, Waratworawan W, Kongjareon Y, Jonas KJ, Lim SH, Reeves AN, et al.

AIDS Behav, 2025 Feb;29(2):420-434.
PMID: 39779629 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04516-7

This study investigated the clustering of psychosocial adversities and their synergistic effect with depression on suicidality in a 12-month prospective cohort (N = 214) of YMSM living with HIV in Bangkok, Thailand. Latent class analysis identified subgroups with distinct combinations of adversities, including bullying, intimate partner violence, substance use, HIV stigma, low social support, histories of sex work, and below-income status. Significant interactive synergism were found as hypothesized, supporting a syndemic effect with qualitatively increasing levels of adversities on suicidality (score range: 3-17) over the 12 months. The interaction between moderate adversity clustering and depression (βow = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.12-3.88) and high adversity clustering and depression (βow = 3.61, 95% CI: 1.12-6.09) indicated that the impact of depression on suicidality was modified by pre-existing adversities. The findings suggest that, while a multi-component intervention addressing psychosocial problems is ideal, effective depression treatment alone could significantly reduce suicidality among YMSM living with HIV.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Fulltext Bibliography of clinical research in Malaysia: methods and brief results

Teng CL, Zuhanariah MN, Ng CS, Goh CC

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69 Suppl A:4-7.
PMID: 25417946

This article describes the methodology of this bibliography. A search was conducted on the following: (1) bibliographic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and other databases) using search terms that maximize the retrieval of Malaysian publications; (2) Individual journal search of Malaysian healthrelated journals; (3) A targeted search of Google and Google Scholar; (4) Searching of Malaysian institutional repositories; (5) Searching of Ministry of Health and Clinical Research Centre website. The publication years were limited to 2000- 2013. The citations were imported or manually entered into bibliographic software Refworks. After removing duplicates, and correcting data entry errors, PubMed's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were added. Clinical research is coded using the definition "patient-oriented-research or research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin) for which the investigator directly interacts with the human subjects at some point during the study." A bibliography of citations [n=2056] that fit the criteria of clinical research in Malaysia in selected topics within five domains was generated: Cancers [589], Cardiovascular diseases [432], Infections [795], Injuries [142], and Mental Health [582]. This is done by retrieving citations with the appropriate MESH terms, as follow: For cancers (Breast Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms), for cardiovascular diseases (Coronary Disease; Hypertension; Stroke), for infections (Dengue; Enterovirus Infections, HIV Infections; Malaria; Nipah Virus; Tuberculosis), for injuries (Accidents, Occupational; Accidents, Traffic; Child Abuse; Occupational Injuries), for mental health (Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Drug Users; Psychotic Disorders; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Suicidal Ideation; Substance- Related Disorders).

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Suicide attempts among depressed inpatients with depressive disorder in a Malaysian sample. Psychosocial and clinical risk factors

Chan LF, Maniam T, Shamsul AS

Crisis, 2011;32(5):283-7.
PMID: 21940256 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000088

Depressed inpatients constitute a high-risk population for suicide attempts.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Religious commitment, attitudes toward suicide, and suicidal behaviors among college students of different ethnic and religious groups in Malaysia

Foo XY, Alwi MN, Ismail SI, Ibrahim N, Osman ZJ

J Relig Health, 2014 Jun;53(3):731-46.
PMID: 23196328 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-012-9667-9

The variation in suicide patterns across ethnic groups with different religious background is a puzzling social phenomenon. This study sought to examine the impact of religious commitment and attitudes toward suicide on suicidal behaviors of college students across major ethnic and religious groups in a multicultural society of Malaysia. A total of 139 college students completed Religious Commitment Inventory-10, Attitudes Toward Suicide Scale, and Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire-Revised. Findings showed significant discrepancies in attitudes toward suicide, but not suicidal behaviors across ethnic and religious groups. Suicide acceptance significantly affected suicidal behaviors as well. Although religious commitment is not associated with suicidal behaviors, its deviation is reflected in students' acceptance of suicide. Additionally, college students' suicide risk, lifetime, and recent suicide ideation, as well as their likelihood of future suicide attempt can be associated with their acceptance of suicide. The influence of attitudes toward suicide and religion, therefore, should be taken into consideration while implementing suicide prevention programs as it helps shape the norms about suicide among youths.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) is uniquely linked to suicidality beyond posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults with childhood maltreatment: A multinational study across four countries

Chong D, Qu D, Xi Y, Chen R

Soc Sci Med, 2024 Dec;362:117406.
PMID: 39405662 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117406

BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, with childhood maltreatment identified as a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior in adulthood. The link between childhood maltreatment and suicidality is well-documented; however, the role of complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), which includes an additional symptom cluster of disturbances in self-organization (DSO) compared to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the association between meeting the criteria for ICD-11 PTSD or CPTSD and suicidality in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment across culturally diverse samples.
METHODS: Data were collected across four sites: the United States, the United Kingdom, China, and Malaysia. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), and International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) were used to assess childhood maltreatment, suicidality, and PTSD or CPTSD, respectively. Linear regressions were conducted to examine the associations, controlling for demographic variables (age, sex, ethnicity, educational level, and subjective socioeconomic status) as well as the severity of maltreatment (CTQ total scores).
RESULTS: Among the 1324 participants who experienced childhood maltreatment, meeting the criteria for CPTSD was significantly associated with higher suicidality compared to not meeting the criteria for either PTSD or CPTSD (B(SE) = 1.68 (0.30), p

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Are reports of cognitive testing among older electroconvulsive therapy recipients clinically valid?

Plakiotis C, Chin LF, O'Connor DW

J ECT, 2014 Mar;30(1):26-9.
PMID: 24487645 DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000082

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administration rises in frequency with age, with older depressed adults often showing clinical features predictive of good response. Recent reviews suggest that older people experience few if any long-term cognitive adverse effects after contemporary ECT, despite their increased vulnerability to these. However, the broader clinical validity of research findings is not assured as most studies of ECT-related cognitive effects do not discuss cognitive test nonparticipants. This study examines whether cognitive test participants and nonparticipants are comparable.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Suicidal Thoughts, Attempts and Motives Among University Students in 12 Muslim-Majority Countries

Eskin M, AlBuhairan F, Rezaeian M, Abdel-Khalek AM, Harlak H, El-Nayal M, et al.

Psychiatr Q, 2019 03;90(1):229-248.
PMID: 30498939 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-018-9613-4

There is a scarcity of research on suicidal phenomena in the Muslim world. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the self-reported prevalence of suicidal thoughts, attempts and motives in 12 Muslim countries. A total of 8417 (54.4% women) university students were surveyed by means of a self-report questionnaire. Overall, 22% of the participants reported suicidal ideation and 8.6% reported attempting suicide. The odds of suicidal thoughts were elevated in Azerbaijan, Indonesia and Saudi Arabia, while reduced ORs were recorded in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Malaysia. While odds of suicide attempts were high in Azerbaijan, Palestine and Saudi Arabia reduced odds ratios (OR) were detected in Indonesia, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Malaysia and Tunisia. Taking drugs and using a sharp instrument were the two most frequently used methods to attempt suicide. Only 32.7% of attempts required medical attention. Escape motives were endorsed more than social motives by participants who attempted suicide. Suicidal behaviors were more frequent in women than in men. Compered to men, fewer attempts by women required medical attention. Moreover, our results show that making suicide illegal does not reduce the frequency of suicidal behavior. Results from this comparative study show that suicidal thoughts and attempts are frequent events in young adults in countries where religious scripture explicitly prohibit suicide and the frequencies of nonfatal suicidal behavior show large variation in nations adhering to the same religion.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Fulltext Associations between depression, anxiety, stress, hopelessness, subjective well-being, coping styles and suicide in Chinese university students

Lew B, Huen J, Yu P, Yuan L, Wang DF, Ping F, et al.

PLoS One, 2019;14(7):e0217372.
PMID: 31260454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217372

Suicide is a major public health concern worldwide. This study aimed to predict the suicidal behavior of Chinese university students by studying psychological measures such as hopelessness, orientation to happiness, meaning in life, depression, anxiety, stress, and coping styles. In November 2016, a stratified-clustered-random sampling approach was utilized to select subjects from two large public medical-related universities in Shandong province, China. This sample consisted of 2,074 undergraduate students (706 males, 1,368 females; mean age = 19.79±1.39 years). The students' major risk factors for suicide were depression, anxiety, stress, and hopelessness, and the students' minor risk factors included orientation to happiness and coping styles (including self-distraction, self-blame and substance use). Notably, the presence of meaning in life had a positive effect on preventing suicide and acted as a protective factor, which suggests that it is important to identify risk factors as well as protective factors relevant to the target population group in order to increase the effectiveness of counseling and suicide prevention programs.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Malaysian Moslem mothers' experience of depression and service use

Abdul Kadir NB, Bifulco A

Cult Med Psychiatry, 2010 Sep;34(3):443-67.
PMID: 20549550 DOI: 10.1007/s11013-010-9183-x

Standard psychiatric criteria for depression developed in the United States and United Kingdom are increasingly used worldwide to establish the prevalence of clinical disorders and to help develop services. However, these approaches are rarely sensitive to local and cultural expressions of symptoms or beliefs about treatment. Mismatch between diagnostic criteria and local understanding may result in underreporting of depression and underutilization of services. Little such research has been conducted in Malaysia, despite the acknowledged high rate of depression and low access to services. This study examines depression in Moslem Malay women living in Johor Bahru, Southern Peninsular Malaysia, to explore depression symptoms using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The 61 women interviewed were selected on the basis of high General Health Questionnaire scores from a large questionnaire survey of 1,002 mothers. The illustrative analysis looks at descriptions of depressed mood, self-depreciation and suicidal ideation, as well as attitudes toward service use. The women gave full and open descriptions of their emotional symptoms, easily recognizable by standard symptom categories, although somatic symptoms were commonly included, and the spiritual context to understanding depression was also prevalent. However, few women had knowledge about treatment or sought medical services, although some sought help from local spiritual healers. Attending to such views of depression can help develop services in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation
Gender differences in depressive symptom profiles and patterns of psychotropic drug usage in Asian patients with depression: Findings from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antidepressants study

Park SC, Lee MS, Shinfuku N, Sartorius N, Park YC

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2015 Sep;49(9):833-41.
PMID: 25829482 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415579464

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were gender-specific depressive symptom profiles or gender-specific patterns of psychotropic agent usage in Asian patients with depression.

Matched MeSH terms: Suicidal Ideation

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