METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study in the neurology clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kuala Lumpur. The screening tools used were the Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDI-E) and the General Anxiety Disorder Form (GAD-7).
RESULTS: Five hundred and eighty-five patients were recruited in this study, and 50.8% of them were male, predominantly Chinese (46.7%), with a mean age of seizure onset of 21.8 ± 16.1 years. The majority had focal seizures (75.0%), and 41.9% had seizure remission. There were 15.5% who scored ≥15 in the NDDI-E, and 17.0% had moderate or severe anxiety (scored ≥10 in the GAD-7). In a regression model to predict the NDDI-E score, the age of seizure onset recorded a higher beta value (β = -0.265, p =
METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was conducted on 162 breast cancer survivors from various breast cancer support groups in Malaysia. Psychological distress status was assessed based on depression and anxiety scores by applying the Malay version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and General Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7). Both instruments were self-administered along with a set of questionnaires comprising demographic, medical history, quality of life, and upper extremity function assessment. Outcomes from the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were analyzed for severity level of psychological distress, and its association with relevant variables, arm morbidity symptoms, as well as the duration of cancer survivorship.
RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that breast cancer survivors with arm morbidities after breast surgery had a higher score of depression (5.0 vs 4.0, p = 0.011) and anxiety (3.0 vs 1.0, p = 0.026) than those who did not. Besides that, receiving fewer post-rehabilitation treatments (p = 0.049) and having a family history of cancer (p = 0.022) were correlated with higher anxiety level. The level of depression and anxiety was inversely proportionate with quality of life and positively correlated with greater disability of the arm function (p
METHODS: Purposive sampling was used to select the 73 caregivers of children with ALL who participated in this cross-sectional study. The Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used to measure psychological distress.
RESULT: There was a low prevalence (11%) of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the participants. Although all the criteria for PTSD were not met, a few post-traumatic symptoms remained, suggesting that PTSS was likely present. Most of the participants reported minimal symptoms of depression (79.5%) and anxiety (65.8%). Anxiety, depression, and ethnicity predicted the PTSS scores (R2 = .77, p =.000). Subsequently, depression predicted the PTSS scores (R2 = 0.42, p =0.000). Participants of 'Other' or 'Indigenous' ethnicity had lower PTSS scores and higher anxiety scores (R2 = 0.75, p =0.000) than participants of Malay ethnicity.
CONCLUSION: The caregivers of children with ALL experience post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), depression, and anxiety. These variables co-exist and may have different trajectories in different ethnic groups. Therefore, healthcare providers should take ethnicity and psychological distress into consideration when providing paediatric oncology treatment and care.
METHODS: From 5115 participants enrolled in 1985-1986 in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, 2533 had serial measures of depressive symptoms and subsequent echocardiography to measure normal LV geometry, concentric remodeling, and LVH. The primary exposure variable was trajectories of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale score from 1990-1991 to 2010-2011. Multivariable polytomous logistic regression was used to assess associations of trajectories with a composite LV geometry outcome created using echocardiogram data measured in 2010-2011 and 2015-2016. Sex-specific conflicting results led to exploratory models that examined potential importance of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin.
RESULTS: Overall CES-D and Somatic subscale trajectories had significant associations with LVH for female participants only. Odds ratios for the subthreshold (mean CES-D ≈ 14) and stable (mean CES-D ≈ 19) groups were 1.49 (95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.13) and 1.88 (95% confidence interval = 1.16-3.04), respectively. For female participants, sex hormone-binding globulin was inversely associated with LVH, and for male participants, bioavailable testosterone was positively associated with concentric geometry.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings from cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models for female participants, but not male ones, and particularly for Somatic subscale trajectories suggested a plausible link among depression, androgens, and LVH. The role of androgens to the depression-LVH relation requires additional investigation in future studies.
METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional study with a sample size of 417 students. An online survey utilizing International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was distributed to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman students via Google forms.
RESULTS: During lockdown, family income [χ2 (1, n = 124) = 5.155, p = 0.023], and physical activity (PA) [χ2 (1, n = 134) = 6.366, p = 0.012] were associated with anxiety, while depression was associated with gender [χ2 (1, n = 75) = 4.655, p = 0.031]. After lockdown, family income was associated with both anxiety [χ2 (1, n = 111) = 8.089, p = 0.004], and depression [χ2 (1, n = 115) = 9.305, p = 0.002]. During lockdown, family income (OR = 1.60, p = 0.018), and PA (OR = 0.59, p = 0.011) were predictors for anxiety, while gender (OR = 0.65, p = 0.046) was a predictor for depression. After lockdown, family income was a predictor for both anxiety (OR = 1.67, p = 0.011), and depression (OR = 1.70, p = 0.009).
CONCLUSION: Significant negative effects attributed to the COVID-19 lockdown, and certain factors predisposed to the worsening of mental health status in university students. Low family income, PA, and female gender were the major determinants and predictors linked to anxiety and depression.
METHODS: The study adopted a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. Participants who consented and met the criteria for bloating based on the Rome IV classification completed designated questionnaires. Independent variables comprised health beliefs, intentions, health-promoting behaviors, social support, depression, and anxiety, while dependent variables included bloating severity (general and within 24 h) and QoL. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was conducted utilizing Mplus 8.0 to analyze the relationships between these factors.
RESULTS: A total of 323 participants, with a mean age of 27.69 years (SD = 11.50), predominantly females (64.7%), volunteered to participate in the study. The final SEM model exhibited good fit based on various indices (CFI = 0.922, SRMR = 0.064, RMSEA (95% CI) = 0.048 (0.041-0.054), p-value = 0.714), with 15 significant path relationships identified. The model explained 12.0% of the variance in severity within 24 h, 6% in general severity, and 53.8% in QoL.
CONCLUSION: The findings underscore the significant influence of health beliefs, intentions, behaviors, social support, depression, and anxiety on symptom severity and QoL in individuals experiencing abdominal bloating.
METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, caregivers of adult PWE attending the neurology outpatient clinic at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM) completed a comprehensive questionnaire comprising demographic data of participants and care recipients (adult PWE). Epilepsy-related data were obtained from the interview and medical records. Affiliate stigma among caregivers was assessed using Affiliate Stigma Scale (ASS), and psychological impacts were evaluated using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). The level of caregiver burden was evaluated with Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).
RESULTS: A total of 119 caregivers participated in the study, and 35.2 % of them reported mild to moderate burden. The factors most strongly associated with higher caregiver burden were female caregivers, needs for assistance in activities of daily living (ADL), frequent seizures, polypharmacy, and affiliate stigma among caregivers. A statistically significant positive correlation was seen between caregiver burden and psychological impacts of depression (r 0.522, p
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 244 breast cancer women in The Medical City Teaching Oncology Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, from August 2023 to October 2023. QOL, coping skills, and psychological factors were assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Group Core-30 (QLQ-C30), BRIEF COPE-28, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scale, respectively. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were also assessed. The associations between the association factors and quality of life were assessed using multiple linear regression.
RESULT: The mean (SD) quality of life scores for global, functional, and symptom domains were (53.24 ± 16.80, 46.23 ± 25.16, and 53.82 ± 22.10), respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed significant factors influencing global quality of life were age, marital status, disease duration, hormonal therapy, passive coping, and anxiety. Age, disease duration, passive coping, and anxiety were significant factors for the functional domain. The symptom domain was notably affected by menstrual status, mastectomy, passive coping, and depression.
CONCLUSION: These results provide crucial insights for developing targeted interventions to enhance the quality of life for breast cancer patients in Iraq.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed in this study. Respondents were recruited from June to December 2021 among students attending higher education institutions in Malaysia. Institutions were sampled using stratified random sampling and the respondents were selected via convenience sampling. Data were collected via an online survey that inquired about respondents' socio-demographic characteristics, ACE, religiosity, knowledge on sexuality, attitude towards premarital sex, mental health status (MHS), and engagement in SRB. The data were analysed using SPSS version 27 for descriptive analysis, and SPSS AMOS version 27 for structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 1171 respondents were recruited in this study. From the SEM analysis, the proposed model indicated a good fit, and it explained 26% of the SRB variance. There was a partial mediation effect of the relationship between ACE on SRB through MHS (p<0.05), as well as religiosity on SRB through MHS (p<0.05). There was no significant mediation effect was found for the other variables.
CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the mediation effect of MHS between ACE on SRB, as well as between religiosity and SRB. Apart from addressing ACE and religiosity of the young adults, MHS should also need to be explored when dealing with SRB issues and vice versa. Preventive measures should be considered at younger stage to prevent high risk behaviour among young adults.
METHOD: The study conducted in entire Fujian Province, China, involved a cross-sectional questionnaire survey on adolescent students from secondary and high schools, employing multi-stage stratified cluster sampling methods from May to July 2023. Primary outcome measures were bullying victimization and bullying behavior. Emotional state was evaluated using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale for Youth (DASS-Y), and psychological distress was assessed using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12).
RESULTS: Analysis of 53,157 valid responses revealed that 19.4% of respondents reported being victims of bullying, 9.9% reported engaging in bullying behavior, and 8.2% reported experiencing both bullying victimization and engaging in bullying themselves. A minority were found to have depressive (19.1%), anxiety (22.0%), and stress (9.2%) symptoms. The presence of psychological distress was observed in 54.4% of the participants (GHQ score of 3-12). Significant associations were found between bullying victimization and the DASS-Y subscales of depression, anxiety, and stress. Odds ratios indicated a 1.73 times higher likelihood for depression (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.521.96), 2.24 times higher for anxiety (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.96-2.55), and 1.59 times higher for stress (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.38-1.84). Similarly, psychological distress measured by the GHQ was significantly associated with bullying victimization (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.68-1.86). Bullying behavior also showed significant associations with all DASS-Y subscales and psychological distress. Geographic disparities revealed varying rates across districts, while factors such as age, academic performance, and parental education emerged as significant influences on bullying victimization and behavior.
CONCLUSION: The findings underscore a concerning prevalence of bullying victimization and behavior, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive anti-bullying strategies that address both victimization and perpetration dynamics. There is also a clear need for interventions targeting socio-economic disparities across various geographic regions.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, analysing baseline findings of a cohort of older adults.
SETTING: Kuala Pilah district, Negeri Sembilan state, Malaysia.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of elder abuse among community dwelling older adults and its associated factors.
PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2112 community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above were recruited employing a multistage sampling using the national census.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Elder abuse, measured using a validated instrument derived from previous literature and the modified Conflict Tactic Scales, similar to the Irish national prevalence survey on elder abuse with modification to local context. Factors associated with abuse and profiles of respondents were also examined.
RESULTS: The prevalence of overall abuse was reported to be 4.5% in the past 12 months. Psychological abuse was most common, followed by financial, physical, neglect and sexual abuse. Two or more occurrences of abusive acts were common, while clustering of various types of abuse was experienced by one-third of abused elders. Being male (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.15, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.78), being at risk of social isolation (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.58), a prior history of abuse (aOR 3.28, 95% CI 1.40 to 7.68) and depressive symptomatology (aOR 7.83, 95% CI 2.88 to 21.27) were independently associated with overall abuse.
CONCLUSION: Elder abuse occurred among one in every 20 elders. The findings on elder abuse indicate the need to enhance elder protection in Malaysia, with both screening of and interventions for elder abuse.
AIM: To assess plasma testosterone and sexual function in Southeast Asian men on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) or buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT).
METHODS: 76 sexually active men on MMT (mean age = 43.30 ± 10.32 years) and 31 men on BMT (mean age = 41.87 ± 9.76 years) from a Southeast Asian community were evaluated using plasma total testosterone (TT) and prolactin levels, body mass index, social demographics, substance use measures, and depression severity scale.
OUTCOMES: Prevalence and associated factors of TT level lower than the reference range in men on MMT or BMT.
RESULTS: More than 1 third of men (40.8%, n = 31) on MMT had TT levels lower than the reference range, whereas 1 fourth of men (22.6%, n = 7) on BMT did. At univariate analysis, MMT vs BMT (β = 0.298, adjusted R2 = 0.08, P = .02) and body mass index (β = -0.23, adjusted R2 = 0.12, P = .02) were associated with changes in TT after stepwise regression. There were no significant associations with age; Opiate Treatment Index Q scores for alcohol, heroin, stimulant, tobacco, or cannabis use and social functioning domain; education levels; hepatitis C status; and severity of depression. Prolactin level did not differ between the MMT and BMT groups.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The sex hormonal assay should be used regularly to check men on MMT.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: This is the first study conducted in the Southeast Asian community. Our study was limited by the lack of a healthy group as the reference for serum levels of testosterone and prolactin.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that plasma testosterone levels are lower in MMT than in BMT users. Hence, men who are receiving MMT should be screened for hypogonadism routinely in the clinical setting. Yee A, Loh HS, Danaee M, et al. Plasma Testosterone and Sexual Function in Southeast Asian Men Receiving Methadone and Buprenorphine Maintenance Treatment. J Sex Med 2018;15:159-166.