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EPOXID HYDROLASE SINGLE GENE POLYMORPHISM (RS1051740) AND SEVERITY OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASE

Antonova I, Gridnyev O, Galchinskaya V

Wiad Lek, 2022;75(11 pt 2):2779-2784.
PMID: 36591768 DOI: 10.36740/WLek202211211

OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the present study was to establish a link between polymorphic variants of the microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene and the severity of COPD in patients with COPD and coronary heart disease.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study included 128 patients with COPD and IHD, who were divided into two groups: group 1 included 72 patients with in¬frequent exacerbations of COPD (0-1 per year) and group 2 included 56 patients with frequent exacerbations of COPD (exacerbation of COPD ≥2 per year). The control groups consisted of 15 smokers without COPD and IHD, 11 practically healthy non-smokers and 11 patients with IHD who do not smoke. All patients underwent DNA isolation and purification, followed by determination of the Tyr113His polymorphism of the EPHX1 microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene (rs1051740).
RESULTS: Results: There was a significant association of the carriage of the CC genotype of the EPHX1 gene in patients with COPD and IHD (RO = 21.326 [95.0% CI 4.217-107.846], p <0.001) with a more severe course of COPD compared with the TT genotype of the EPHX1 gene.
CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Patients with COPD and coronary heart disease who were carriers of a homozygous variant СС of the EPHX1 gene have a reliable association with a more severe course of COPD with frequent exacerbations (higher class according to GOLD classification and more severe symptoms of COPD according to the СAT questionnaire).

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
Blood-based therapies to combat neurodegenerative diseases

Lee JY, Lim MCX, Koh RY, Tsen MT, Chye SM

Metab Brain Dis, 2024 Jun;39(5):985-1004.
PMID: 38842660 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-024-01368-x

Neurodegeneration, known as the progressive loss of neurons in terms of their structure and function, is the principal pathophysiological change found in the majority of brain-related disorders. Ageing has been considered the most well-established risk factor in most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is currently no effective treatment or cure for these diseases; the approved therapeutic options to date are only for palliative care. Ageing and neurodegenerative diseases are closely intertwined; reversing the aspects of brain ageing could theoretically mitigate age-related neurodegeneration. Ever since the regenerative properties of young blood on aged tissues came to light, substantial efforts have been focused on identifying and characterizing the circulating factors in the young and old systemic milieu that may attenuate or accentuate brain ageing and neurodegeneration. Later studies discovered the superiority of old plasma dilution in tissue rejuvenation, which is achieved through a molecular reset of the systemic proteome. These findings supported the use of therapeutic blood exchange for the treatment of degenerative diseases in older individuals. The first objective of this article is to explore the rejuvenating properties of blood-based therapies in the ageing brains and their therapeutic effects on AD. Then, we also look into the clinical applications, various limitations, and challenges associated with blood-based therapies for AD patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease/metabolism; Alzheimer Disease/therapy
Fulltext Medium Access Control Protocols for Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey

Zareei M, Islam AKMM, Baharun S, Vargas-Rosales C, Azpilicueta L, Mansoor N

Sensors (Basel), 2017 Sep 16;17(9).
PMID: 28926952 DOI: 10.3390/s17092136

New wireless network paradigms will demand higher spectrum use and availability to cope with emerging data-hungry devices. Traditional static spectrum allocation policies cause spectrum scarcity, and new paradigms such as Cognitive Radio (CR) and new protocols and techniques need to be developed in order to have efficient spectrum usage. Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols are accountable for recognizing free spectrum, scheduling available resources and coordinating the coexistence of heterogeneous systems and users. This paper provides an ample review of the state-of-the-art MAC protocols, which mainly focuses on Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks (CRAHN). First, a description of the cognitive radio fundamental functions is presented. Next, MAC protocols are divided into three groups, which are based on their channel access mechanism, namely time-slotted protocol, random access protocol and hybrid protocol. In each group, a detailed and comprehensive explanation of the latest MAC protocols is presented, as well as the pros and cons of each protocol. A discussion on future challenges for CRAHN MAC protocols is included with a comparison of the protocols from a functional perspective.

Matched MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease
Fulltext Pan-Asian adapted Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: a CSCO-ESMO initiative endorsed by JSMO, KSMO, MOS, SSO and TOS

Wu YL, Planchard D, Lu S, Sun H, Yamamoto N, Kim DW, et al.

Ann Oncol, 2019 Feb 01;30(2):171-210.
PMID: 30596843 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy554

The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was published in 2016. At the ESMO Asia Meeting in November 2017 it was decided by both ESMO and the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) to convene a special guidelines meeting immediately after the Chinese Thoracic Oncology Group Annual Meeting 2018, in Guangzhou, China. The aim was to adapt the ESMO 2016 guidelines to take into account the ethnic differences associated with the treatment of metastatic NSCLC cancer in Asian patients. These guidelines represent the consensus opinions reached by experts in the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), Singapore (SSO) and Taiwan (TOS). The voting was based on scientific evidence, and was independent of both the current treatment practices and the drug availability and reimbursement situations in the six participating Asian countries. During the review process, the updated ESMO 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines for metastatic NSCLC were released and were also considered, during the final stages of the development of the Pan-Asian adapted Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Management
Fulltext Designing Health Benefits Policies In Malaysia (EnPHC): A Country Assessment Report

Mohd Saleh N, Nasir NH, Ibrahim NI

Citation: Mohd Saleh N, Nasir NH, Ibrahim NI. Designing Health Benefits Policies In Malaysia (ENPHC): A Country Assessment Report. Putrajaya: Joint Learning Network for Universal Health Coverage; 2018

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
Instability to nonlinear vector differential equations of fourth order with constant delay

Cemil Tunç

Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:999-1002.

We consider a vector nonlinear differential equation of fourth order with a constant delay. We establish new sufficient conditions, which guarantee the instability of the zero solution of that equation. An example is given to illustrate the theoretical analysis made in this paper

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Vectors
Current management of acute myocardial ischemia - the case history approach

Kannan P, Jeyamalar R, Soo CS, Thuraisingham S, Robaayah Z

Family Physician, 1995;7:26-35.

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. Management strategies for this disease have changed dramatically. This article, based on discussions of real cases, reviews current treatment methods for various patient subsets, with acute myocardial ischemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease
A case of congenital megacolon treated by lumbar sympathectomy

Chitty EC

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1939;3:102-3.

Matched MeSH terms: Hirschsprung Disease
Cardiac angina

Wingfield A

Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:116-8.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease
Chronic disease and the family physician

Md Shajahan MY

Family Physician, 1994;6:1-1.

Matched MeSH terms: Chronic Disease
Is there a role of routine resting ECG at the clinic in early detection of ischaemic heart disease?

Loh KY

Family Physician, 2003;12:23-23.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease
The isolation of the leper

Malayan Medical Journal, 1931;6:127.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Transmission, Infectious
The early phase of acute myocardial infarction - a study of 100 cases

Ng WH, Goh TH, Ahmad Z

Family Practitioner, 1979;3(5):24-7.

Matched MeSH terms: Coronary Disease
Tropical typhus in a training camp

Fletcher W

J R Army Med Corps, 1925;45:274-84.
DOI: 10.1136/jramc-45-04-03
Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
Zoonoses as a study in ecology

Heisch RB

Br Med J, 1956;2:669.
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4994.669

The zoonoses, which are defined as infections of man naturally acquired from other vertebrates, are treated as a problem in ecology. This entails studying the interrelation between man, animals, a causative organism, the environment, and sometimes arthropods. Such an approach is holistic or synecological—wholes being regarded as more important than parts. Holism is a dynamic not a static conception. The evolution of the zoonoses is discussed, particularly in relation to plague, relapsing fever, and leishmaniasis. The most important reservoirs of zoonoses and other parasitic infections are usually resistant or relatively insusceptible animals rather than highly susceptible ones. Plague and Chagas's disease illustrate this. Resistant and unduly susceptible animals occupy different “niches“ in nature. By “niche“ is meant the place of an animal in its biotic environment. Zoonoses often have a “focal distribution“ in nature. Thus wild rodents infected with plague may occur in “ pockets,” and the vector mites of scrub typhus congregate in “typhus islands.” An unstable environment often favours the transference of zoonoses to man and animals. Examples are the plague-infected plain of Rongai, in Kenya, the typhus-infected forest clearings in Malaya, and the yellow-fever infected forest edges in Uganda. Ecologically unstable areas are termed “ ecotones.” Zoonoses can also be transmitted in or near relatively stable sites such as huts, rodent burrows, caves, and termite hills. These are known as “habitat niches.” Animals and arthropods in a community are linked by food, and the importance of what are known as “food chains“ and “food cycles“ is discussed in relation to the transference of zoonotic infections from one host to another. Reference is also made to the fluctuations in numbers of various animals in nature, and how this affects the incidence of zoonotic disease. Certain highly susceptible rodents are periodically decimated by plague; this breaks the link with man, and human infections cease for the time being. © 1956, British Medical Journal Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Matched MeSH terms: Chagas Disease
An epidemic of typhoid fever due to ice cream

Green R, Mankikar DS

Bull Inst Med Res Kuala Lumpur, 1950.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Outbreaks
miR-124 and Parkinson's disease: A biomarker with therapeutic potential

Angelopoulou E, Paudel YN, Piperi C

Pharmacol Res, 2019 12;150:104515.
PMID: 31707035 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104515

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disorder, attributed to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains elusive, dysregulation of signaling pathways implicated in cell survival, apoptosis, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation, contributes to its pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are endogenous short non-coding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. MiR-124 is one of the most abundantly expressed miRs in the brain that participates in neurogenesis, synapse morphology, neurotransmission, inflammation, autophagy and mitochondrial function. Accumulating pre-clinical evidence shows that miR-124 may act through calpain 1/p25/cyclin-dependent kinases 5 (CDK5), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated pathways to regulate cell survival, apoptosis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in PD. Moreover, clinical evidence indicates that reduced plasma miR-124 levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker in PD. This review provides an update of the pathogenic implication of miR-124 activity in PD and discusses its targeting potential for the development of future therapeutic strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Parkinson Disease/blood; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy; Parkinson Disease/genetics*
Modeling Parkinson's Disease in Zebrafish

Najib NHM, Nies YH, Abd Halim SAS, Yahaya MF, Das S, Lim WL, et al.

CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2020;19(5):386-399.
PMID: 32640968 DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200708124117

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders that affects the motor system, and includes cardinal motor symptoms such as resting tremor, cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia and postural instability. Its prevalence is increasing worldwide due to the increase in life span. Although, two centuries since the first description of the disease, no proper cure with regard to treatment strategies and control of symptoms could be reached. One of the major challenges faced by the researchers is to have a suitable research model. Rodents are the most common PD models used, but no single model can replicate the true nature of PD. In this review, we aim to discuss another animal model, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is gaining popularity. Zebrafish brain has all the major structures found in the mammalian brain, with neurotransmitter systems, and it also possesses a functional blood-brain barrier similar to humans. From the perspective of PD research, the zebrafish possesses the ventral diencephalon, which is thought to be homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra. We summarize the various zebrafish models available to study PD, namely chemical-induced and genetic models. The zebrafish can complement the use of other animal models for the mechanistic study of PD and help in the screening of new potential therapeutic compounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Disease Models, Animal*; Parkinson Disease/drug therapy*
Fulltext The impacts of COVID-19 on the environmental sustainability: a perspective from the Southeast Asian region

Praveena SM, Aris AZ

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2021 Dec;28(45):63829-63836.
PMID: 33410033 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11774-0

This study examined the impacts of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the environment in the Southeast Asia region using qualitative content analysis to analyze the textual data of published studies and other online references such as the organizational reports. Besides, the materiality assessment particularly the Global Reporting Initiative was conducted by analyzing short- and long-term impacts from the stakeholders' (local and regional policymakers) perspective. The positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown and movement restriction on the regional environment identified in this study included a reduction in air pollution, improvement of air and water quality, lower noise levels, and reduced land surface temperature. In contrast, the negative effects encompassed a rise in the use of plastics and the generation of medical waste in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Materiality assessment findings have offered insights on the need of stakeholders' importance for further to deal with huge amount of waste, inadequate waste management facilities and system, explore the effectiveness of such sustainable work and lifestyle changes, utilize real-time monitoring air quality data and future prediction responses for climate change mitigation and adaptation policies as well as consideration towards new green technologies for clean energy in each Southeast Asian country and at regional level. It is anticipated that this study will contribute towards a better understanding of the impacts of COVID-19 on environmental sustainability in the Southeast Asia region, particularly from the perspective of the stakeholders.

Matched MeSH terms: Communicable Disease Control
Burden of respiratory disease in Thailand: Results from the APBORD observational study

Thanaviratananich S, Cho SH, Ghoshal AG, Abdul Muttalif AR, Lin HC, Pothirat C, et al.

Medicine (Baltimore), 2016 Jul;95(28):e4090.
PMID: 27755477

Asia-Pacific Burden of Respiratory Diseases (APBORD) was a cross-sectional, observational study examining the burden of respiratory disease in adults across 6 Asia-Pacific countries.This article reports symptoms, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), work impairment and cost burden associated with allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and rhinosinusitis in Thailand.Consecutive participants aged ≥18 years with a primary diagnosis of AR, asthma, COPD, or rhinosinusitis were enrolled at 4 hospitals in Thailand during October 2012 and October 2013. Participants completed a survey detailing respiratory symptoms, HCRU, work productivity, and activity impairment. Locally sourced unit costs were used in the calculation of total costs.The study enrolled 1000 patients. The most frequent primary diagnosis was AR (44.2%), followed by rhinosinusitis (24.1%), asthma (23.7%), and COPD (8.0%). Overall, 316 (31.6%) of patients were diagnosed with some combination of the 4 diseases. Blocked nose or congestion (17%) and cough or coughing up phlegm (16%) were the main reasons for the current medical visit. The mean annual cost for patients with a respiratory disease was US$1495 (SD 3133) per patient. Costs associated with work productivity loss were the principal contributor for AR and rhinosinusitis patients while medication costs were the highest contributor for asthma and COPD patients.The study findings highlight the burden associated with 4 prevalent respiratory diseases in Thailand. Thorough investigation of concomitant conditions and improved disease management may help to reduce the burden of these respiratory diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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