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Fulltext Guidelines on Infection Control at Primary Care Facilities. [Garis Panduan Kawalan Infeksi Di Fasiliti Kesihatan Primer]

Citation: Garis Panduan Kawalan Infeksi Di Fasiliti Kesihatan Primer. Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kesihatan Keluarga, Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia; 2013

Translation:
Guidelines on Infection Control at Primary Care Facilities. Putrajaya: Family Health Development Division. Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2013

Matched MeSH terms: Infection Control

The use of the sulphonamide group in gynaecology and midwifery

English JS

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1939;3:93-94.

Matched MeSH terms: Puerperal Infection

Tuberculosis and HIV infection

Aziah AM

Family Physician, 1993;5:11-13.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection; HIV Infections

HIV infection and the clinical manifestations of AIDS

Goh TK

Family Practitioner, 1986;9(2):27-32.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection; HIV Infections

Status of malaria in Malaysia

Oothuman P

Family Practitioner, 1988;11:81-83.

In Malaysia malaria is still a major public health problem. At the end of 1986 it was estimated that 14.6% of the population lived in malaria prone areas and 8.4% lived in endemic areas. Malaria eradication and control programmes were instituted separately at different times in Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Inaccessibility of endemic areas, opening of lands for developmental projects and emergence of drug resistant strains of P. falciparum are problems that make control of this infection difficult. Malaria vaccine is being developed.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

Intestinal parasitic infections in Malaysian estates

Ow-Yang CK

Family Practitioner, 1982;5:45-47.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

Investigation of a recurrent case of salmonellosis due to Salmonella bovismorbificans and Salmonella matopeni using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and antibiograms

Thong KL, Puthucheary S, Boey CCM, Pang T

JUMMEC, 1999;4:103-109.

A restropective study on a case of recurent salmonellosis in a 3 month old child due to Salmonella bovismorbificans and Salmonella matopeni was carried out using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antibiotic susceptibility analysis. PFGE clearly distinguished the two serovars and that the recurrent infection was shown to associated with variant forms of Salmonella bovismorbificans. The chromosomal changes detected among the seqential isolates of Salmonella bovismorbificans appeared to be associated with varing antibiogram patterns. The study also showed that the recurrent infection in the patient could be related to prolonged antibiotic therapy. KEYWORDS: Recurrent salmonellosis, PFGE typing, Antibiograms, Salmonella bovismorbificans.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

The yield of laboratory investigations for infective agents - a pilot study findings on foreign workers

Anuar Zaini MZ, the Pilot Immigrant Health ST

JUMMEC, 1998;3:61-62.

A total of 245 foreign workers was screened for various microbial and parasitic infections, as part of the pilot study on the health problems of foreign workers. The sample comprising of Indonesian and Bangladeshi workers, was selected on a non-probability basis from two sources, i.e. University Hospital and a private sector. This investigation revealed substantive number of workers with positive cases to some of the microbial and parasitic infections. KEYWORDS: Pilot study, infective agents, foreign workers

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

Dengue 2 (New Guinea C strain) virus infection induces apoptosis

Norazizah S, Sazaly AB

JUMMEC, 1997;2:19-21.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

Fulltext Parasitic infection in foreign workers: Serological findings

Zurainee MN, Khairul Anuar A, Khatijah O, Sri Suriati A, Noraishah S

JUMMEC, 2002;7:12-12.

The serology result of parasitic infections of 260 foreign workers who were seen at the University of Malaya Medical Center, during 7 months period is reported here. The 260 foreign workers comprised 114 Indonesians, 142 Bangladeshis, 2 Myanmarese and 2 Pakistanis.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

Fulltext Electrospun Azithromycin-Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Fibers for Endodontic Infection Control

Ayoub AA, Mahmoud AH, Ribeiro JS, Daghrery A, Xu J, Fenno JC, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2022 Nov 09;23(22).

PMID: 36430238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213761

This study was aimed at engineering photocrosslinkable azithromycin (AZ)-laden gelatin methacryloyl fibers via electrospinning to serve as a localized and biodegradable drug delivery system for endodontic infection control. AZ at three distinct amounts was mixed with solubilized gelatin methacryloyl and the photoinitiator to obtain the following fibers: GelMA+5%AZ, GelMA+10%AZ, and GelMA+15%AZ. Fiber morphology, diameter, AZ incorporation, mechanical properties, degradation profile, and antimicrobial action against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Actinomyces naeslundii were also studied. In vitro compatibility with human-derived dental pulp stem cells and inflammatory response in vivo using a subcutaneous rat model were also determined. A bead-free fibrous microstructure with interconnected pores was observed for all groups. GelMA and GelMA+10%AZ had the highest fiber diameter means. The tensile strength of the GelMA-based fibers was reduced upon AZ addition. A similar pattern was observed for the degradation profile in vitro. GelMA+15%AZ fibers led to the highest bacterial inhibition. The presence of AZ, regardless of the concentration, did not pose significant toxicity. In vivo findings indicated higher blood vessel formation, mild inflammation, and mature and thick well-oriented collagen fibers interweaving with the engineered fibers. Altogether, AZ-laden photocrosslinkable GelMA fibers had adequate mechanical and degradation properties, with 15%AZ displaying significant antimicrobial activity without compromising biocompatibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection Control

Fulltext Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Control & Management of Tuberculosis, Third Edition

ISBN: 978-967-0399-39-3

Citation: Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Control & Management of Tuberculosis, Third Edition. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2012
Quick Reference: http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=568
Training Manual: http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=628

Older version: First Edition (2002); Second Edition (2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Infection

Discipline as complete mediation in the implementation of the Theory Planned Behaviour of nurse's handwashing compliance

Lenggono KA, Qomariyatus S, Gatot C, Sri A, Ahsan, Patria DKA, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2023 May;78(3):296-300.

PMID: 37271838

INTRODUCTION: Hospital-acquired infection is still one of the health problems in the world that require infection control and prevention efforts, especially nurses' hand washing compliance. Various strategies and efforts to improve handwashing compliance include educational approaches, motivation and improvement of the health care system, one of which is through the use of The Theory Of Planned Behaviour application in solving handwashing compliance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Quantitative research with a survey approach and observation of hand washing compliance of all nurses N = 321 with a sample of n = 178 nurses. The research variables studied consisted of intention, discipline, self-assessment, opportunity compliance and implementation of the nurse's hand washing. Nurse handwashing compliance observations were made by Infection Prevention Control Link Nurse (IPCN) committee. Data analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) with smart partial least square (SmartPLS 3.0) application.

RESULTS: The nurse's intention to apply the theory of planned behaviour has no significant effect on the implementation of hand washing with path coefficients of 0.104 and p-value 0.221 > 0.05. The effect of nurses' intentions on the implementation of nurse hand washing through discipline is significant with a value of variance accounted for (VAF) 0.8043 or 80.43 % of nurse discipline is a complete mediation variable.

CONCLUSION: Discipline as a complete meditation variable in the application of the theory of planned behaviour in the compliance of nurses' hand washing five moments six steps. Nurses are expected to continuously improve their discipline independently or be assisted by training activities facilitated by the hospital.

Matched MeSH terms: Infection Control

Fulltext Entomological Surveillance Associated with Human Zika Cases in Miri Sarawak, Malaysia

Ali R, Azmi RA, Wasi Ahmad N, Abd Hadi A, Muhamed KA, Rasli R, et al.

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2020 May;102(5):964-970.

PMID: 32228777 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0339

Two confirmed human cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) were reported in the district of Miri, Sarawak, in 2016. Following that, a mosquito-based ZIKV surveillance study was conducted within 200-m radius from the case houses. Mosquito surveillance was conducted using five different methods, that is, biogents sentinel mosquito (BG) sentinel trap, modified sticky ovitrap, resting catch, larval surveillance, and conventional ovitrap. A total of 527 and 390 mosquito samples were obtained from the case houses in two localities, namely, Kampung Lopeng and Taman Shang Ri La, Miri, Sarawak, respectively. All mosquitoes collected were identified, which consisted of 11 species. Aedes albopictus, both the adult and larval stages, was the dominant species. Resting catch method obtained the highest number of adult mosquitoes (67%), whereas ovitrap showed the highest catch for larval mosquitoes (84%). Zika virus was detected in both adults and larvae of Ae. albopictus together with adults of Culex gelidus, and Culex quinquefasciatus using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. It was noteworthy that Ae. albopictus positive with ZIKV were caught and obtained from four types of collection method. By contrast, Cx. gelidus and Culex quinquefasciatus adults collected from sticky ovitraps were also found positive with ZIKV. This study reveals vital information regarding the potential vectors of ZIKV and the possibility of transovarian transmission of the virus in Malaysia. These findings will be essentials for vector control program managers to devise preparedness and contingency plans of prevention and control of the arboviral disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Zika Virus Infection/etiology; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology*; Zika Virus Infection/transmission

Identifying Risk Factors for Surgical Site Infection After Stoma Closure in Infants for Targeted Implementation of Surgical Site Infection Reduction Bundle

Nwachukwu I, Visa A, Holbrook C, Tan YW

Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2024 Apr;25(3):185-191.

PMID: 38394295 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2023.248

Background: To determine risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) in infants after stoma closure, to identify at-risk patients, plan timing of surgery, and implement SSI-reduction strategies. Patients and Methods: A single center retrospective comparison study of all children less than one year of age who underwent enterostomy closure (2018-2020) with SSI diagnosed through a prospective surveillance program, using criteria from Public Health England (PHE). Demographics and risk factors, types of SSI, systemic sepsis, mortality and length of stay were compared between SSI and non-SSI. Significant factors associated with SSI were analyzed in a multivariate binomial logistic regression model. Results: Eighty-nine stoma closures were performed, most commonly for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and anorectal malformation. Fourteen had SSI (16%): 12 superficial and two deep; three developed systemic sepsis, but no 30-day mortality. Surgical site infection was associated with NEC (12/14 vs. 32/75; p = 0.003), younger age (median 76 vs. 89 days; p = 0.014), lower corrected gestation (cutoff: 39 weeks gestation; 11/14 vs. 27/75; p = 0.004) and lower weight (cutoff: 2.2 kg; 7/14 vs. 16/75; p = 0.032), compared with non-SSI. After correcting for age, gestation, and weight, logistic regression showed NEC was an independent predictor for SSI (odds ratio [OR], 12; 95% confidence interval [CI],1.2-125). The at-risk cohort (n = 56; 63%) had seven-fold increased risk of SSI and four-fold longer hospital stay, which may be the target for SSI-reduction strategies. Conclusions: Necrotizing enterocolitis-related stoma closure is at increased risk for SSI. Considerations for delaying stoma closure until achieving 39 weeks gestation or 2.2 kg in weight may further reduce SSI. Targeting SSI-reduction strategies using these criteria may improve resource-rationalization.

Matched MeSH terms: Surgical Wound Infection/etiology; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology; Surgical Wound Infection/prevention & control

Fulltext Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in ten steps

Leonhard SE, Mandarakas MR, Gondim FAA, Bateman K, Ferreira MLB, Cornblath DR, et al.

Nat Rev Neurol, 2019 Nov;15(11):671-683.

PMID: 31541214 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0250-9

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare, but potentially fatal, immune-mediated disease of the peripheral nerves and nerve roots that is usually triggered by infections. The incidence of GBS can therefore increase during outbreaks of infectious diseases, as was seen during the Zika virus epidemics in 2013 in French Polynesia and 2015 in Latin America. Diagnosis and management of GBS can be complicated as its clinical presentation and disease course are heterogeneous, and no international clinical guidelines are currently available. To support clinicians, especially in the context of an outbreak, we have developed a globally applicable guideline for the diagnosis and management of GBS. The guideline is based on current literature and expert consensus, and has a ten-step structure to facilitate its use in clinical practice. We first provide an introduction to the diagnostic criteria, clinical variants and differential diagnoses of GBS. The ten steps then cover early recognition and diagnosis of GBS, admission to the intensive care unit, treatment indication and selection, monitoring and treatment of disease progression, prediction of clinical course and outcome, and management of complications and sequelae.

Matched MeSH terms: Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis; Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology; Zika Virus Infection/therapy

Fulltext Zika - A Pandemic in Progress?

Mohamad Idris F

Malays J Med Sci, 2016 Mar;23(2):70-2.

PMID: 27547117

The emerging threat of Zika virus outbreak with associated neurological abnormalities needs to be assessed in perspective in terms of its ability to cause a pandemic. This article attempts to throw some light on the issue.

Matched MeSH terms: Zika Virus Infection

Fulltext Prelabour rupture of membranes and neonatal morbidity in level II nursery in Kelantan

Malik AS

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Mar;49(1):12-6.

PMID: 8057984

In view of controversial reports about the role of prelabour rupture of foetal membranes (PROM) in neonatal morbidity and to study the association of PROM with infections and meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), a prospective case control study was conducted in a level II nursery of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Of the 111 neonates with PROM studied, 18 developed clinical problems (septicaemia and other specific problems such as pneumonia, omphalitis, skin infection and MAS) while 5/56 of the control group developed similar problems. The difference between the two groups was not significant (p < 0.30). There was no neonatal death. It is concluded that PROM is not associated with neonatal morbidity. Neonates with this problem alone do not need to be admitted to the neonatal nursery.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/diagnosis; Cross Infection/etiology*; Cross Infection/epidemiology*; Infection Control

Evaluation of the efficacy of antibacterial medical gloves in the ICU setting

Kahar Bador M, Rai V, Yusof MY, Kwong WK, Assadian O

J Hosp Infect, 2015 Jul;90(3):248-52.

PMID: 25982193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2015.03.009

Inappropriate use of medical gloves may support microbial transmission. New strategies could increase the safety of medical gloves without the risk of patient and surface contamination.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control; Infection Control/methods*; Infection Control/standards

Fulltext Public Health Risks of Multiple-Drug-Resistant Enterococcus spp. in Southeast Asia

Daniel DS, Lee SM, Dykes GA, Rahman S

Appl Environ Microbiol, 2015 Sep;81(18):6090-7.

PMID: 26150452 DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01741-15

Enterococci rank as one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections, such as urinary tract infections, surgical wound infections, and endocarditis, in humans. These infections can be hard to treat because of the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance. Enterococci inhabiting nonhuman reservoirs appear to play a critical role in the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants. The spread of antibiotic resistance has become a major concern in both human and veterinary medicine, especially in Southeast Asia, where many developing countries have poor legislation and regulations to control the supply and excessive use of antimicrobials. This review addresses the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries and proposes infection control measures that should be applied to limit the spread of multiple-drug-resistant enterococci.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/microbiology*; Cross Infection/epidemiology*; Infection Control/methods

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