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Fulltext Clinical nutrition in East Asia and the Pacific

Darnton-Hill I, Cavalli-Sforza LT, Volmanen PV

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 1992 Mar;1(1):27-36.
PMID: 24323002

Identifying the nutrition problems of Asia and the Pacific is made difficult by the enormous geographic, socioeconomic and cultural diversity that exists in these areas. With increasing longevity and reduced infant mortality, the more chronic diseases are becoming increasingly important. For almost 90% of the countries that keep such data in the Western Pacific Region of WHO, at least three of the five leading causes of death are noncommunicable diseases. Nevertheless undernutrition is still the most important nutritional problem in the Region. Even though there have been some encouraging declines in the proportion of malnourished under 5-year-olds, increasing populations have meant the actual numbers have not declined. Vitamin A deficiency, iodine deficiency disorders and iron deficiency anaemia remain major public health problems in many countries. There is evidence that vitamin A deficiency is appearing in countries in which it has not previously been a problem. New challenges are occurring, such as childhood obesity, the susceptibility of undernourished populations to the human immunodeficiency virus and the increase in noncommunicable diseases. The three arms of clinical nutrition: therapeutic, research and public health will need to work closely to meet the considerable and continuing threat posed by the nutrition-related diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediatric Obesity
Fulltext Platelet-related cytokines among normal body mass index, overweight, and obese Malaysians

Riyahi N, Tohit ERM, Thambiah SC, Ibrahim Z

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 12 10;27(1):182-188.
PMID: 29222897 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.032017.01

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have reported that obesity is associated with platelet activation and systemic inflammation. Malaysia has the highest prevalence of obesity, hence, this research is performed to evaluate the development of low-grade inflammation and platelet activation, measured using soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and soluble P-selectin (sP-sel), and to determine their association with obesity. In addition, we assessed the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT), which are novel parameters consistently associated with obesity.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 112 healthy men and women from 3 main ethnic group (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) who were aged 18-60 years. The participants were categorized into normal body mass index (BMI), overweight and obese groups according to WHO criteria for BMI in Asian populations (18.5 kg/m2

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/blood; Obesity/epidemiology
Fulltext Salivary cariogenic bacteria counts are associated with obesity in student women at a Malaysian university

Yeo WZ, Lim SP, Say YH

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2017 12 10;27(1):99-106.
PMID: 29222886 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.032017.14

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The counts of cariogenic bacteria lactobacilli and mutans streptococci have been studied and correlated with sugar intake. This study was to investigate the association between salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts with sweet food eating behavior and sweet sensitivity among 120 Malaysian women (101 ethnic Chinese, 19 ethnic Indians), while taking into account anthropometric and menstruation variables.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Demographics, anthropometric measurements and menstrual history were taken. Hedonic preference, intake frequency of a list of sweet foods, intensity perception and pleasantness ratings of sweet stimuli were assessed. Saliva was collected for lactobacilli and mutans streptococci culture.
RESULTS: We found that centrally obese subjects (high waist circumference and waist-hip ratio) had significantly higher salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts (all p<0.05), while overweight and high total body fat subjects had significantly higher salivary mutans streptococci counts (p<0.001). The sweetness intensity perception of chocolate malt drinks was significantly lower in women who were in their pre-menstrual (post-ovulation) phase. However, menstruation variables (menstrual phases, regularity and pre-menstrual syndromes) did not play a role in determining compulsive eating, sweets/chocolate craving and salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts.
CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, salivary lactobacilli and mutans streptococci counts of the Malaysian women are associated with central obesity, but not sweet food eating behaviour, sweet sensitivity and menstruation variables. Salivary microbiome analysis could be useful as a potential diagnostic indicator of diseases such as obesity.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/epidemiology*
Fulltext Factors predicting health-related quality of life of the Malaysian B40 school-aged children living in urban-poor flats in the central region of Malaysia

Cheah MHJ, Chin YS, Saad HA, Lim PY, Chan YM, Shariff ZM

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2022;31(4):740-747.
PMID: 36576290 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202212_31(4).0015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a multidimensional concept that indicated an individual's holistic health, whereby the urban-poor community are susceptible to low HRQoL due to their high vulnerability. This study aimed to determine factors that predicted the HRQoL among the urban-poor school-aged children.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study and a total of 408 primary school-aged children (male: 72.3%; female: 27.7%), with a mean age of 9.68±1.48 years, were recruited from 10 urban-poor flats through cluster sampling at the central region of Malaysia. Their anthropometry, nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice, physical activity, dietary practices, and HRQoL were assessed.
RESULTS: A quarter (24.5%) of the urban-poor children were either overweight or obese in the present study. The HRQoL total score among the urban-poor children was 65.0±18.5. The result of multiple linear regression analysis shown that higher nutrition attitude (B=0.34, p=0.001) and practices (B=0.39, p=0.001), higher physical activity (B=3.73, p=0.004), higher lunch intake (B=1.35, p<0.001), lower supper intake (B=-1.35, p<0.001), and lower fast-food intake (B=-1.61, -1.17, p<0.001) are the significant predictors of better HRQoL among the urban-poor children (R2=0.32, F(8,399)=23.72, p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Future studies should focus on these predictors to formulate interventions that could enhance the HRQoL among the Malaysian urban-poor children.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity*
Association of Eating Behavior With Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Primary School-Aged Children

Tay CW, Chin YS, Lee ST, Khouw I, Poh BK, SEANUTS Malaysia Study Group

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2016 07;28(5 Suppl):47S-58S.
PMID: 27252248 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516651475

Problematic eating behaviors during childhood may lead to positive energy balance and obesity. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association of eating behaviors with nutritional status and body composition in Malaysian children aged 7 to 12 years. A total of 1782 primary schoolchildren were randomly recruited from 6 regions in Malaysia. The multidimensional Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) was reported by parents to determine the 8 different dimensions of eating styles among children. Body mass index (BMI), BMI-for-age Z-score, waist circumference, and body fat percentage were assessed. Linear regression analyses revealed that both food responsiveness and desire to drink subscales were positively associated with a child's body adiposity, whereas satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, and emotional undereating subscales were negatively associated with adiposity (all P < .05). A multidimensional eating style approach based on the CEBQ is needed to promote healthy eating behaviors in order to prevent excessive weight gain and obesity problems among Malaysian children.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology; Pediatric Obesity/psychology*
Prevalence and determinants of overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults in Malaysia

Jan Mohamed HJ, Yap RW, Loy SL, Norris SA, Biesma R, Aagaard-Hansen J

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):123-35.
PMID: 25524952 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514562447

This systematic review aimed to examine trends in overweight, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Malaysian adults, and to identify its underlying determinants. A review of studies published between 2000 and 2012 on overweight, obesity, and T2DM was conducted. The Cochrane library of systematic reviews, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, Scopus, and MyJurnal digital database were searched. According to national studies, the prevalence of overweight increased from 26.7% in 2003 to 29.4% in 2011; obesity prevalence increased from 12.2% in 2003 to 15.1% in 2011, and T2DM prevalence was reported as 11.6% in 2006 and 15.2% in 2011. Distal determinants of increased risk of overweight, obesity, and T2DM were as follows: female, Malay/Indian ethnicity, and low educational level. The limited number of studies on proximal determinants of these noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) indicated that an unhealthy diet was associated with increased risk, whereas smoking was associated with decreased risk. However, more studies on the proximal determinants of overweight, obesity, and T2DM within the Malaysian context are needed. Overall, our findings provide insights for designing both future investigative studies and strategies to control and prevent these NCDs in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/epidemiology
"Feeling unsafe": a photovoice analysis of factors influencing physical activity behavior among Malaysian adolescents

Saimon R, Choo WY, Bulgiba A

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP2079-92.
PMID: 23513006 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513480229

Understanding the factors influencing physical activity (PA) in the Asia-Pacific region is critical, given the high prevalence of inactivity in this area. The photovoice technique explores the types of PA and factors influencing PA among adolescents in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 160 photographs were collected from participants (adolescents, n = 22, mean age = 14.27 ± 0.7 years, and parents, n = 8, mean age = 48 ± 6.8 years). Data analysis used constant comparison methods of a grounded theory. The Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity was used to categorize PA factors. Study findings were centered on the concept of safety, facilities, parental restriction, friends, cultural traits, media, community cohesiveness, and weather. The central theme was "feeling unsafe" when being outdoors. To promote PA behavior, provision of PA facilities needs to be supported by other programs that build on peer support, crime prevention, and traffic safety, together with other educational campaigns.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/epidemiology
Physical activity and obesity research in the Asia-Pacific: a review

Khoo S, Morris T

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2012 May;24(3):435-49.
PMID: 22593220 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512446368

Obesity is a global health concern and has a great impact on countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for obesity, but physical activity levels are declining in much of this region. Increasing physical activity is a priority in many countries. Considerable research has been conducted on physical activity related to obesity in Western countries, but populations in the Asia-Pacific region differ in physical, psychological, social, and cultural ways that warrant local and regional research. The authors reviewed research conducted in the Asia-Pacific region that examined either the impact of physical activity interventions on obesity-related outcomes or the effect of behavior-change interventions on physical activity participation. The number of studies found was limited, and their samples and methods varied too much to draw conclusions. The authors recommend further research in the Asia-Pacific region using systematic protocols to permit sound conclusions to be drawn and promote informed action at local levels.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/epidemiology; Obesity/prevention & control*
Gender-dependent association of a β(2)-adrenergic gene variant with obesity parameters in Malaysian Malays

Apalasamy YD, Ming MF, Rampal S, Bulgiba A, Mohamed Z

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP154-65.
PMID: 22199155 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511430250

Recent findings have shown that the rs1042714 (Gln27Glu) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the β2-adrenoceptor gene may predispose to obesity. The findings from other studies carried on different populations, however, have been inconsistent. The authors investigated the association between the rs1042714 SNP with obesity-related parameters. DNA of 672 Malaysian Malays was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between rs1042714 and diastolic blood pressure in the pooled Malaysian Malay subjects under additive and recessive models. After gender stratification, however, a significant association was found between the rs1042714 and triglyceride and the rs1042714 and log-transformed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Malaysian Malay men. No significant association was found between the SNP and log-transformed body mass index. This polymorphism may have an important role in the development of obesity-related traits in Malaysian Malays. Gender is an effect modifier for the effect of the rs1042714 polymorphism on obesity-related traits in Malaysian Malays.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/genetics*
Consensus statement: appropriate consumer education and communication programs for weight- loss agents in Asia

Chan SP, Chui WC, Lo KW, Huang KC, Leyesa ND, Lin WY, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2012 Jul;24(4):641-9.
PMID: 21490107 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511402189

The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide demands increased efforts in the prevention and management of obesity. This article aims to present consensus statements promoting appropriate consumer education and communication programs for weight-loss agents in Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/epidemiology; Obesity/prevention & control; Anti-Obesity Agents*
The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey: prevalence of obesity, and abdominal obesity among the Malaysian elderly population

Suzana S, Kee CC, Jamaludin AR, Noor Safiza MN, Khor GL, Jamaiyah H, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2012 Mar;24(2):318-29.
PMID: 20833669 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510380736

Obesity is an emerging public health threat in the elderly population in developing countries. Hence, the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey has assessed 4746 individuals aged 60 years and older recruited through a household survey to determine the prevalence of adiposity using body mass index and waist circumference. The national's prevalence of overweight and obesity in men was 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 27.2-31.3) and 7.4% (95% CI = 6.4-8.6), respectively. However, the prevalence decreased with age. The figures in women were 30.3% (95% CI = 28.5-32.1) and 13.8% (95% CI = 12.5-15.2), respectively. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 21.4% (95%CI = 20.2-22.6), with 7.7% (95% CI = 6.7-9.0) in men and 33.4% (95% CI = 31.4-35.3) in women. Predictors of adiposity include the following: Malay and Indian ethnicity, higher education level, higher household income, from urban area, and being married. In conclusion, adiposity affects about one third of the Malaysian elderly population, especially those of the younger age group, women, and those with higher socioeconomic status.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/epidemiology*; Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology
Sociodemographic and health-lifestyle determinants of obesity risks in Malaysia

Tan AK, Dunn RA, Samad MI, Feisul MI

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Apr;23(2):192-202.
PMID: 20460299 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509359535

The purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and health-lifestyle factors that affect the likelihood of obesity among Malaysians. Data were obtained from the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1. The cross-sectional population-based survey consisted of 2447 observations, with an obesity prevalence rate of 17.2%. Based on logit regression analysis, the results suggest that obesity risks in Malaysia are affected by gender, education level, family history, health conditions, smoking status, and ethnic backgrounds. Specifically, Malaysians more likely to be obese are females (5.3%), lower educated (0.9%), those with history of family illnesses (4.8%), and nonsmokers (6.4%). However, Chinese (9.3%) and other (5.5%) ethnic groups are less likely to be obese when compared with Malays. Based on these results, several policy implications are discussed vis-à-vis obesity risks in Malaysia.
Study name: Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 (MyNCDS-1) survey

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/ethnology; Obesity/epidemiology*
Perceived barriers to and ideas for weight control interventions in Malay homemakers: results from focus groups

Ng LW, Malhotra R, Lai D, Tai ES, Østbye T

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Mar;27(2):NP552-61.
PMID: 23482708 DOI: 10.1177/1010539513479966

To develop a better understanding of perceived barriers to and ideas for weight loss and maintenance among Malay homemakers in Singapore.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/therapy
The Effect of Breakfast Type on Total Daily Energy Intake and Body Mass Index Among Thai School Children

Purttiponthanee S, Rojroongwasinkul N, Wimonpeerapattana W, Thasanasuwan W, Senaprom S, Khouw I, et al.

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2016 07;28(5 Suppl):85S-93S.
PMID: 27183975 DOI: 10.1177/1010539516647774

The study investigated the association between breakfast types consumed, daily energy intake, and body mass index for age Z-score (BAZ). Cross-sectional data from 1258 children aged 7 to 12.9 years were analyzed for breakfast type, nutrient intakes, BAZ, and proportion of overweight or obesity. Analysis of covariance was used to compare energy and nutrient intakes, BAZ, and proportion of overweight/obese children between breakfast groups. Only 19% of children had adequate energy intake from breakfast. Those consuming snacks had a significantly lower BAZ (Z = -0.73), with 5% of them being overweight/obese. Those consuming beverages and desserts had the lowest total daily energy intake (1314 kcal) and lowest protein intake (8.4 g). The results suggest that breakfast type is associated with daily energy intake and BAZ. Most breakfasts are not adequate. School-based nutrition education programs involving families, teachers, and health professionals can contribute to improve this situation.

Matched MeSH terms: Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology*
Weight loss practices among Malaysian adults

Kong WT, Chua SS, Alwi S

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2002;14(2):99-104.
PMID: 12862414 DOI: 10.1177/101053950201400208

The practice of losing weight is gaining popularity globally with an increase in health consciousness among the general public. A survey was conducted in seven shopping centres in Kuala Lumpur and its neighbouring towns to assess the weight-loss practices of the general public. Out of the 1032 people approached by the researcher, 389 (37.7%) admitted that they had tried to lose weight before. Of these respondents, 50.4% had the wrong perceptions about their weight with 39.1% of the respondents having BMI lower than what they had perceived. The most common weight-loss method used was dieting (89.5%), followed by exercise (81%) and the use of slimming teas (24.9%). Exercise (79.0%) was perceived as the most effective method for losing weight, followed by dieting (71.6%). Most respondents (60.6%) obtained their weight-loss products from the pharmacies but only 34.9% of these respondents had consulted the pharmacists on these products. Therefore, pharmacists should play a more active role in assisting the general public to lose weight successfully and safely.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/prevention & control*; Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects; Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
Waist circumference as a screening tool for weight management: evaluation using receiver operating characteristic curves for Malay subjects

Moy FM, Atiya AS

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2003;15(2):99-104.
PMID: 15038683

Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most established anthropometric indicator used for assessment of nutritional status. Other anthropometric indicators which are related closely to BMI are waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference. In this paper, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to assess the value of waist circumference and waist hip ratio as a screening measure for the need of weight management using BMI as the reference test. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated at several cut-offs. The areas under the ROC curve calculated by comparing waist circumference with BMI were high (0.70 - 0.86) while the areas calculated for WHR were low (0.46 - 0.67). Sensitivities of 0.745 and 0.800 were observed at cut-off points of waist circumference at 90cm and 80cm for males and females respectively, while the false positive rates were 0.233 for males and 0.250 for females. These cut-off points could be considered as a fair trade-off. Therefore it is concluded that waist circumference performed better than WHR as a screening test. It is indicative that waist circumference could be used as a tool in raising awareness of weight management in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/prevention & control
The Role of Public Health Nutrition in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in the Asia Pacific Region

Binns C, Lee MK, Low WY, Zerfas A

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2017 Oct;29(7):617-624.
PMID: 29094630 DOI: 10.1177/1010539517736441

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) replaced the Millennium Development Goals (MDCs) in 2015, which included several goals and targets primarily related to nutrition: to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to reduce child mortality and improve maternal health. In the Asia-Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health (APACPH) member countries as a group, infant and child mortality were reduced by more than 65% between 1990 and 2015, achieving the MDG target of two-thirds reduction, although these goals were not achieved by several smaller countries. The SDGs are broader in focus than the MDGs, but include several goals that relate directly to nutrition: 2 (zero hunger-food), 3 (good health and well-being-healthy life), and 12 (responsible consumption and production-sustainability). Other SDGs that are closely related to nutrition are 4 and 5 (quality education and equality in gender-education and health for girls and mothers, which is very important for infant health) and 13 (climate action). Goal 3 is "good health and well-being," which includes targets for child mortality, maternal mortality, and reducing chronic disease. The Global Burden of Disease Project has confirmed that the majority of risk for these targets can be attributed to nutrition-related targets. Dietary Guidelines were developed to address public health nutrition risk in the Asia Pacific region at the 48th APACPH 2016 conference and they are relevant to the achievement of the SDGs. Iron deficiency increases the risk of maternal death from haemorrhage, a cause of 300000 deaths world-wide each year. Improving diets and iron supplementation are important public health interventions in the APACPH region. Chronic disease and obesity rates in the APACPH region are now a major challenge and healthy life course nutrition is a major public health priority in answering this challenge. This article discusses the role of public health nutrition in achieving the SDGs. It also examines the role of APACPH in education and advocacy and in fulfilling the educational needs of public health students in public health nutrition.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity
Fulltext Prevalence of obesity in Malaysia: perspectives in Terengganu

Muhammad, I. N., Saifullah, K., Hassan, B., Yasrul, I., Norizan, A./G., Ahmed Zubaidi, A. L., et al.

Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 2018;2(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

A normal health status is highly depends on body weight. Many health problems may occur or impose risk for
extremely obese individuals. Etiopathology of obesity includes interaction of several factors inclusive of
genetic and non-genetic factors such as lifestyle changes. This study aimed to launch Malaysian Obesity
DNA Bank and determine the prevalence of obesity along with anthropometric measurements of the subjects.
The cross-sectional study was conducted on total of 340 subjects (obese = 95, overweight = 122 and normal =
123), aged 19-60 years, in Terengganu. The BMI and well appropriate anthropometric measurements (waist
circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio, fat percentage and ASindex) were determined through
standard protocols and formulae. The mean difference of anthropometrics was determined by independent ttest. Data was analysed using SPSS ver.16.0.0. The BMI was determined for all subjects and it was found that
out of 340 subjects, a total of 95 (27.9%) subjects were obese , followed by a total of 122 (35.8%) subjects
were overweight and normal individuals were 123 (36.1%). The mean of the BMI, WHR, Fat% and ASindex,
in Malay obese were 32.83, 0.88, 33.5 and 13.21 respectively, while in normal healthy individuals were 22.1,
0.78, 24.2 and 20.1 respectively. The difference of mean of BMI, WHR, Fat% and ASindex was calculated to
be 10.73, 0.1, 9.3 and 6.89 respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Malaysia,
reporting that this is very first Obesity DNA Bank in South East Asia region and prevalence of obesity in
Terengganu, Malaysia to be 27.9%. In addition, it indicates a significant mean difference for anthropometric
measurements among obese and normal individuals. For Asindex calculations suggest that the prevalence of
genocide obesity is greater 89.9% of android obesity in Malay obese attributes
.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity
Fulltext Is Kelantan joining the global cancer epidemic?--experience from hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia; 1987-2007

Othman NH, Nor ZM, Biswal BM

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jul-Sep;9(3):473-8.
PMID: 18990023

OBJECTIVE: To determine the trend of cancer cases in one major hospital in Kelantan over a 20 year period from 1987 to 2007 and to speculate the change in trend due to the socio-economic and other health status in the state.

METHODOLOGY: All data on clinically diagnosed cancer cases in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia [HUSM] were retrieved from the hospital medical records. The cancers were classified according to ICD10 and scrutinized to avoid duplicate or more entries. The increment in cancer incidence was calculated based on total numbers of cancer cases per each 5-6 year period.

RESULTS: A total of 12,228 solid cancers were diagnosed during the period. There is an increment of 20.1% for 1991-1996 from 1987-1990 period, 67.4% for 1997-2001 from 1991-1996 period and 305.9% for 2002-2007 from the 1997-2001 period. The rise was steep in the last 5-6 years. After excluding referred cases from states outside Kelantan, the increments were 20.1%, 67.4% and 143.6% for the consecutive 5-6 year periods. The predominant rising trends were seen for cancers of the female organs, digestive tract and endocrine organs.

CONCLUSION: Cancer cases in HUSM are showing a rising trend, associated with increasing prevalence of smoking, obesity and diabetes in the community served by the hospital. Since HUSM is the only hospital managing cancer in the state of Kelantan, to reduce cancer incidence in the state, life-style issues need to be addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/diagnosis; Obesity/epidemiology
A Review on Dietary Intervention in Obesity Associated Colon Cancer

Roslan NH, Makpol S, Mohd Yusof YA

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 May 25;20(5):1309-1319.
PMID: 31127882

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. According to National Cancer Registry, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Peninsular Malaysia increases with age. The incidence is highest among Chinese population but lower among Indians and Malays. Many reviews have suggested that obesity may be associated with a higher risk (>50%) of colorectal cancer. Methods: This study collects a comprehensive data from the literature review available from respective journals on dietary intervention and the chemo-protective mechanisms of a few natural resources in obesity -associated colon cancer based on previous and current studies. Results: In obesity-associated colon cancer, the genes of interest and pathways that are mainly involved include NFκB, P13K/Akt, and MAPK pathways, and FTO, leptin, Cyclin D, MMPs, and STAT3 genes. Dietary modification is one of the alternative steps in early prevention of colon cancer. It has been proposed that the components present in certain foods may have the ability to protect against many diseases including the prevention of cancer. Conclusion: There are many factors that lead to obesity-associated colon cancer and the mechanisms behind it is still undergoing intensive research. This review aims to scrutinize research as well as reviews that have been previously reported on obesity associated colorectal cancer and the beneficial effects of including antioxidants-rich foods such as vegetables and fruits in the diet to reduce the risk of obesity associated colorectal cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Obesity/complications*

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