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  1. Fulltext Discordance between medication adherence and blood pressure control in primary care clinics in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia: The problem of therapeutic inertia
    Chan CW, Wang J, Bouniu JJ, Singh P, Teng CL
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2015;9(3):27-32.
    MyJurnal
    Poor adherence to anti-hypertensive agents may be a major contributor for suboptimal blood pressure control among patients with hypertension. This study was conducted to assess the adherence to antihypertensive agents using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) among primary care patients, and to determine whether the blood pressure control is associated with the level of adherence.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  2. Red cell glyoxalase I and placental soluble aconitase polymorphisms in the three major ethnic groups of Malaysia
    Teng YS, Tan SG, Ng T, Lopez CG
    Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi, 1978 Sep;23(3):211-5.
    PMID: 732016
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  3. Immunogenetic aspects of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. V. Confirmation of a Chinese-related HLA profile (A2, Singapore 2) associated with an increased risk in Chinese for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Simons MJ, Wee GB, Singh D, Dharmalingham S, Yong NK, Chau JC, et al.
    Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 1977 Dec;47:147-51.
    PMID: 613233
    Histocompatibility locus A typing of 43 Malaysian Chinese and 51 Hong Kong Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) confirmed the association between the occurrence of A2-Sin 2 and the increased risk for NPC that was previously demonstrated in Singapore Chinese. The results support the previous interpretation that the histocompatibility locus A genotype of importance in NPC predisposition is the A2-Sin 2 haplotype. The histocompatibility locus A-linked, genetically determined NPC risk is common to Asian Chinese from at least three geographic locations.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  4. Histocompatibility leukocyte antigen patterns and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Simons MJ, Day NE
    Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 1977 Dec;47:143-6.
    PMID: 613232
    Incidence patterns indicated the prominent role of genetic factors in this type of cancer. A histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) profile of A2 and B-locus antigen, Singapore 2 (Sin 2), was identified. An association between these genes and increased risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), was confirmed. The risk was restricted to the "co-occurrence" of A2, B-Sin 2, suggesting that the genotype predisposing to the development of NPC was the A, B-Sin 2 haplotype. Similar associations were found to exist in Malaysian and Hong Kong Chinese so the A2, B-Sin 2 phenotype is a feature common to Asian Chinese in at least three locations. Preliminary HLA studies of medium NPC incidence in Tunisians and Malays indicated that patients with NPC of both ethnic types have altered HLA antigen profiles. If the findings of a locus-B antigen deficit in Tunisians and the role of A9 with B-locus antigens in Malays can be confirmed and clarified, the histocompatibility genetic hypothesis of NPC predisposition would be substantially strengthened.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  5. Fulltext Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: opportunities for international collaborative research in Malaysia and Hawaii
    Armstrong RW
    Natl Cancer Inst Monogr, 1977 Dec;47:135-41.
    PMID: 349401
    Malaysia and Hawaii have several advantages for epidemiologic and laboratory studies on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Both have multiethnic populations with different incidence rates of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and different life-styles. Malaysia has large populations of Chinese, Malaya, and Indians, and the number of cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at any one time is comparatively large. Incidence rates for 1968--72, age-standardized to the World population, for Guangdong hua (Cantonese Chinese) in Malaysia were 24.3/100,000 for males and 12.0/100,000 for females. In Hawaii, the ratio was 12.9/100,000 for males and 6.7/100,000 for females. The small number of cases in Hawaii would require that research in that State be conducted in collaboration with research elsewhere with larger case numbers.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  6. The wish to be held. A transcultural study
    Huang LT, Phares R, Hollender MH
    Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 1976 Jan;33(1):41-3.
    PMID: 1247362
    In a previous study, it was noted that "a strong desire to be held or cuddled correlated with a general leaning toward openness in emotional expression." As is well known, some cultures foster openness, while others do not. This project was designed to assess the influence of cultural attitudes on the wish to be held. To do so, questionnaires were given to five groups of Asian women living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The most striking differences found were between two groups of Chinese women, one Chinese-educated, and the other, English-educated. The Chinese-educated group inhibited the expression of sensual needs. An English education overturned the traditional mode of response; women in this group scored highest in their wish to be held and lowest in their inclination to keep their body-contact desires secret. This study demonstrates that cultural as well as psychological forces exert a profound influence on the wish to be held.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  7. Fulltext Genetic and population studies of the blood types and serum factors among Indians and Chinese from Malaya
    Steinberg AG, Lai LYC, Vos GH, Singh RB, Lim TW
    Am J Hum Genet, 1961 Dec;13:355-71.
    PMID: 13916666
    The ABO, MN and Rh blood types, and the Hp, Tf, and Gm [Gm (a), Gm (x), Gm(b), and Gm-like] factors were determined for 128 unrelated Indians (parents of families, 63 with two parents tested and two with one parent tested), and 90 unrelated Chinese (parents of 46 families, 44 with two parents tested and two with one parent tested), and for the offspring from these families. The frequencies of the several blood types are presented. They were done primarily to aid in paternity testing. They compare favorably with the findings of previous studies. The allele Hp1 is rare in the Indian population (.09) and relatively infrequent in the Chinese (.29). Unfortunately, the data shed no light on the problem of the inheritance of the phenotype Hp O. Only Tf C was found among the Indians. About four per cent of the Chinese were heterozygous for Tf CD,, all other were Tf CC. The Indians have a high frequency of Gm(a) and of Gm (x), and a low frequency of Gm (b). They appear to have alleles Gma, Gmax, and Gmb in the following frequencies: .535, .234(5), and .230(5), respectively. Three families appear to have a GMxb allele, providing the offspring are not extra-marital. The Chinese appear to have the alleles Gm^ab, Gm^a, and Gm^ax in the following frequencies: .741, .231, and .028, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  8. Fulltext Ulam intake among adults from various ethnic groups in Selangor. [Tabiat pengambilan ulam-ulaman di kalangan orang dewasa pelbagai etnik di Selangor]
    Nurul Izzah Ahmad, Aminah Abdullah, Md Pauzi Abdullah, Lee, Yook Heng, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Siti Fatimah Daud, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2010;8(2):27-35.
    MyJurnal
    A survey was conducted to investigate the level of consumption of ‘ulam’ in Selangor State among 252 adults (> 17 years) (male 28.6%, female 71.4%) of major ethnics (Malays-51.6%; Chinese-30.5%; Indians-17.5%) with the mean age of 42.7 ± 13.9 years. Consumption data were collected using 24 hours duplicate samples together with questionnaire on perceptions of ‘ulam.’ Results showed that ‘ulam’ was preferred by majority of the subjects (82.1%), especially amongst Malays (92.3%). A total of 52% of the subjects consumed partially or boiled ‘ulam.’ Factors that affect their preferences on ‘ulam’ were the perception of therapeutic effects of the ‘ulam’ towards health, its good taste and unique
    aroma. The most consumed ‘ulam’ were cucumber (Cucumis sativus) (60.6%) ‘kacang botol’ (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) (33%), Indian pennywort (Hydrocotyle asiatica) (31.5%), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (27.6%), ‘petai’ (Parkia speciosa) (29%) and ‘ulam raja’ (Cosmos caudatus) (21.9%). The most preferred partially or boiled ‘ulam’
    were tapioca shoot (Manihot esculenta) (31.5%), ocra (Hibiscus esculentus) (12.5%) and ‘jantung pisang’ (Musa sapientum) (20.1%). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) amongst the three different ethnic groups on the consumption of ‘ulam’ and the median for total intake per day was within the range of 30-39 g/day. Ulam is a potential
    source for increasing vegetable consumption to meet recommendation by World Health Organization (WHO), which is 400 g per day.
    Keywords: Adults; perception; ‘ulam;’ Selangor State
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  9. Fulltext Health risk behaviour among undergraduates in a Malaysian public university: a cross-sectional study
    Liew HC, Noor Illiati I, Yii RSL, Siti Nadzrah Y, Moy FM
    JUMMEC, 2011;14(2):1-8.
    MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Health-risky behaviours among undergraduates are a course of concern both due to its tendency to be carried towards later adulthood and the emergence of non-communicable diseases at younger age group.
    METHODS AND MATERIAL: A cross-sectional study involving 1622 respondents comprising of students undertaking tertiary education was carried out using self-administered questionnaires. (adapted and translated into Bahasa Malaysia from the CDC Health Risk Behaviour Survey)
    RESULTS: It is found that 6.9% of the respondents have had sexual intercourse with the mean age of the first intercourse at 18.6 years. Of those who have had intercourse, 25.9% did not practice safe sex. The study showed that 7.2% of the undergraduates who drives have driven after taking alcohol and 19.3% of the respondents have travelled in a car driven by drunk driver. It is also found that 10.8% of the respondents tried smoking at a young age of 15 years. One point two percent (1.2%) of the studied population has also taken recreational drugs previously.
    CONCLUSION: Health risk behaviours among undergraduates in Malaysia are presently existing issues which poses serious concerns.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  10. Fulltext Primary arteritis of aorta causing renal artery stenosis and hypertension
    Danaraj TJ, Wong HO, Thomas MA
    Br Heart J, 1963 Mar;25(2):153-65.
    PMID: 14024854
    The evidence presented by the nine cases described in this paper indicates that primary arteritis of the aorta is a single clinico-pathological entity of which Takayashu's syndrome is a part. Different segments of the aorta may be affected resulting in a variety of symptom complexes. In this series, the mode of presentation was hypertension consequent on renal artery stenosis. Early diagnosis is important and surgical treatment is indicated to relieve the hypertension which carries an immediately serious prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  11. Atopic Dermatitis: Racial and Ethnic Differences
    Mei-Yen Yong A, Tay YK
    Dermatol Clin, 2017 Jul;35(3):395-402.
    PMID: 28577807 DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2017.02.012
    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting up to 20% of children and 3% of adults worldwide. There is wide variation in the prevalence of AD among different countries. Although the frequency of AD is increasing in developing countries, it seems to have stabilized in developed countries, affecting approximately 1 in 5 schoolchildren. Adult-onset AD is not uncommon and is significantly higher, affecting between 11% and 13% of adults in some countries, for example, Singapore, Malaysia, and Sweden. AD is thus associated with significant health care economic burden in all age groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/epidemiology
  12. Fulltext Prevalence and correlates of chronic diseases in an elderly population: A community-based survey in Haikou
    Zhao C, Wong L, Zhu Q, Yang H
    PLoS One, 2018;13(6):e0199006.
    PMID: 29902222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199006
    BACKGROUND: The escalating problem of multiple chronic conditions among older adults in China draws public health attention due to increasing proportion of the elderly population. This study sought to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with four chronic diseases in older adults in Haikou, the capital city of Hainan Province, China.

    METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, 9432 community-dwelling elderly people aged 60 years and older living in rural or urban areas in Haikou were investigated. The interviews collected self-reported information on the presence of four major chronic diseases, as well as socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors and self-reported height and weight.

    FINDINGS: Overall, 31.7% (2961/9344) reported at least one of the four chronic diseases. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, and stroke was 26.0% (2449/9407), 8.0% (749/9371), 1.0% (95/9360), and 1.9% (175/9382), respectively. Common correlates of the four major chronic diseases were older age, being engaged in intellectual work, currently being a smoker and obesity. Gender, locality of residence, and alcohol consumptions were also found to be associated to some of the chronic conditions.

    CONCLUSION: This finding indicates that multiple chronic conditions among elderly people in Haikou are prevalent and warrant special attention to reduce diseases burden and align health care services to cater the holistic elderly patients' need.

    Matched MeSH terms: China/epidemiology
  13. Fulltext The epidemiological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of the dengue virus in Guangdong, China, 2015
    Sun J, Zhang H, Tan Q, Zhou H, Guan D, Zhang X, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2018 07 02;8(1):9976.
    PMID: 29967414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28349-2
    In 2015, an unexpected multiple outbreak of dengue occurred in Guangdong, China. In total, 1,699 cases were reported, of which 1,627 cases were verified to have DENV infections by nucleic acid or NS1 protein, including 44 DENV-1, 1126 DENV-2, 18 DENV-3 and 6 DENV-4, and the other cases were confirmed by NS1 ELISA. Phylogenetic analyses of DENV-1 isolates identified two genotypes (I and V). The predominant DENV-2 outbreak isolates were the Cosmopolitan genotypes, which likely originated from Malaysia. The DENV-3 isolates were assigned into genotype I and genotype III. All 6 DENV-4 isolates from imported cases were likely originally from Cambodia, Thailand and the Philippines. The entomological surveillance showed a moderate risk for the BI index in Chaozhou and Foshan and a low risk in Guangzhou. The imported cases were mostly detected in Guangzhou and Foshan. Surprisingly, the most serious outbreak occurred in Chaozhou, but not in Guangzhou or Foshan. A combined analyses demonstrated the multiple geographical origins of this outbreak, and highlight the detection of suspected cases after the alerting of imported cases, early implementation of control policies and reinforce the vector surveillance strategies were the key points in the chain of prevention and control of dengue epidemics.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/epidemiology
  14. The role of ethnicity and socioeconomic status in Southeast Asian mothers' parenting sensitivity
    Heng J, Quan J, Sim LW, Sanmugam S, Broekman B, Bureau JF, et al.
    Attach Hum Dev, 2018 Feb;20(1):24-42.
    PMID: 28840781 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2017.1365912
    Past research indicates that socioeconomic status (SES) accounts for differences in sensitivity across ethnic groups. However, comparatively little work has been conducted in Asia, with none examining whether ethnicity moderates the relation between SES and sensitivity. We assessed parenting behavior in 293 Singaporean citizen mothers of 6-month olds (153 Chinese, 108 Malay, 32 Indian) via the Maternal Behavioral Q-Sort for video interactions. When entered into the same model, SES (F(1,288) = 17.777, p 
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  15. Fulltext Family support and self-motivation influence dietary compliance and glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients
    Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, Khor JH, Suhaimi NFS, Zulkepli NYF, Roslan R, Wong ES, et al.
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2016;14(2):39-47.
    MyJurnal
    Diabetes Mellitus is a disease due to reduced insulin sensitivity and secretion in the body which associated with obesity and hypertension. This study aimed to determine the influence of family support and self-motivation towards dietary compliance and glycaemic control among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) outpatients. This cross-sectional study involved 35 subjects selected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) in Cheras and Ampangan Health Clinic in Seremban. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose have been obtained. Face-to-face interview session was done to obtain socio-demographic and diet intake. Further, dietary compliance, social support and self-motivation were assessed using Summary Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA), Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire Family version (DSSQ-Fa) and Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ), respectively. Only 8.6% of subjects complied with dietary counselling. Fasting blood glucose for both men (7.93 ± 1.99 mmol/L) and women (8.77 ± 3.08 mmol/L) were higher than normal range. Self-motivation (r = 0.358, p < 0.05) and family support (r = 0.460, p < 0.01) significantly correlated with dietary compliance. Self-motivation and family support are important factors which can increase compliance towards dietary counseling. Further investigation should be carried out to determine factors that may influence dietary compliance and family support towards achieving desirable glycaemic control among T2DM patients.
    Study site: Klinik Warga UKMMC, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur; Klinik Kesihatan Ampangan, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  16. Fulltext Antinuclear antibodies in primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a case-control study
    Sakthiswary R, Rajalingam S, Norazman MR, Hussein H
    EXCLI J, 2012;11:624-631.
    PMID: 27847450
    Objective: Although osteoarthritis (OA) is widely accepted as a degenerative disease, autoimmune processes are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis. There are limited studies in this area and most of them focused on antibodies against chondrocyte membrane. In an attempt to address the paucity of evidence in this regard, we explored the clinical significance of antinuclear antibody (ANA) in primary osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK).
    Method: We studied 106 patients with primary osteoarthritis of at least 1 knee and 63 healthy controls from two tertiary centres in Malaysia from September 2005 to May 2012. All subjects were tested for ANA by immunofluorescence testing, and a titer of 1:40 and above was considered positive. Besides, the radiographs of bilateral knees were evaluated for grading, tibiofemoral compartment involvement and total knee replacement (TKR) implants. We compared the clinical characteristics between the ANA positive and ANA negative OAK cases.
    Results: The incidence of ANA positivity among the cases (39.4 %) was higher than the controls (27 %) but this difference was statistically insignificant (p=0.754). ANA positive cases showed significantly higher incidence of bilateral and Grade IV OAK with higher frequency of TKR. In the multiple regression analysis, bilateral OAK (p< 0.0001; odds ratio 9.00), Grade IV OAK (p<0.001, odds ratio 3.44) and TKR (p=0.009; odds ratio 2.97) remained associated with ANA positivity.
    Conclusions: ANA test is a potential prognostic tool in primary OAK and its positivity is associated with the clinical outcomes of bilateral, Grade IV OAK and TKR.
    Study site: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur; Putrajaya Hospital, Wilayah Persekutuan
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  17. Fulltext The Main Risk Factors of Nipah Disease and Its Risk Analysis in China
    Yu J, Lv X, Yang Z, Gao S, Li C, Cai Y, et al.
    Viruses, 2018 10 19;10(10).
    PMID: 30347642 DOI: 10.3390/v10100572
    Nipah disease is a highly fatal zoonosis which is caused by the Nipah virus. The Nipah virus is a BSL-4 virus with fruit bats being its natural host. It is mainly prevalent in Southeast Asia. The virus was first discovered in 1997 in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Currently, it is mainly harmful to pigs and humans with a high mortality rate. This study describes the route of transmission of the Nipah virus in different countries and analyzes the possibility of the primary disease being in China and the method of its transmission to China. The risk factors are analyzed for different susceptible populations to Nipah disease. The aim is to improve people's risk awareness and prevention and control of the disease and reduce its risk of occurring and spreading in China.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/epidemiology
  18. Chinese Malaysian Adolescents' Social-Cognitive Reasoning Regarding Filial Piety Dilemmas
    Cheah CSL, Leung CYY, Bayram Özdemir S
    Child Dev, 2018 03;89(2):383-396.
    PMID: 28105633 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12725
    This study examined the social-cognitive reasoning of 52 Chinese Malaysian preadolescents (9-12 years old; M = 11.02, SD = 0.94) and 68 adolescents (13-18 years old; M = 14.76, SD = 1.39) in resolving filial dilemmas within the personal and moral domain. Preadolescents deferred to parental authority, whereas adolescents endorsed filial obligation reasoning to justify compliance in the personal domain. Both appealed to filial obligation, pragmatic, or welfare and safety reasoning to justify compliance but fairness or rights reasoning to justify their noncompliance, for the moral issue. Distinctions between authoritarian and reciprocal filial piety reasoning were revealed. Findings demonstrated complex decision-making and cognitive reasoning processes among Chinese Malaysian adolescents as they negotiate their filial obligations and autonomy development.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  19. Fulltext Lipoma Arborescens of the knee: a case report of rare entity
    Ikmal Hisyam Bakrin, Hasni Mahayidin, Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman, Wan Irnawati Wan Ab Rahman, Sazali Satari, Asrul Fahmi Azizan
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(3):60-63.
    MyJurnal
    Lipoma arborescens is a non-neoplastic, reactive condition due to chronic synovial inflammation and irritation, characterized by frond-like or villous proliferation of mature adipose tissue covered by hyperplastic synovium. The knee is the most commonly affected site particularly the suprapatellar pouch. We report a case of lipoma arborescens affecting the right knee of an elderly Chinese gentleman associated with bilateral knee and hand osteoarthritis. He presented with progressive worsening of right knee swelling and pain. Partial synovectomy of the right knee was performed and no lesion recurrence was noted at one year post-operation. The clinical and imaging findings, pathological features, together with differential diagnoses were discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
  20. The association between smoking and body mass index: Results from a national sample of Malaysian adults
    Tan AKG, Yen ST, Feisul MI
    Journal of Public Health (Germany), 2013;21:403-412.
    DOI: 10.1007/s10389-013-0569-4
    Aim: To investigate the association between smoking status and body-mass-index (BMI) categories.
    Subject and methods: Data are obtained from 2,340 observations from the Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1. An ordered probability model for BMI categories with ordinal smoking treatment categories is developed and estimated. Marginal and treatment effects are calculated.
    Results: Socio-demographic and health-lifestyle factors play significant roles in body weight categories, conditional upon smoking status. Education levels are inversely correlated with BMI categories amongst non-smokers only. Age and income levels are associated with BMI within non-smokers and compulsive smokers. Gender (female), family history of serious illnesses, individual health conditions (hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive), ethnicity (Malays and Indians) and regional locations (metropolitan) are associated with higher BMI levels, irrespective of smoking status. Additionally, BMI categories and levels are closely associated with smoking habits. As individuals switch from non-smoking to casual smoking, the probability of being overweight or obese increases, with an upsurge of 1.89 BMI units. As the casual smoking habit evolves into compulsive smoking, overweight or obese likelihoods are lowered as individuals are more likely to be in the underweight, normal weight or at-risk weight BMI ranges instead, while experiencing a decline of 1.75 BMI units.
    Conclusions: There exists close association between BMI categories and levels with smoking habits. As smoking tendencies develop from being a non-smoker to a casual (compulsive) smoker, overweight or obese likelihoods increase (decrease), as individuals realize an upsurge (reduction) in BMI levels.
    Study name: Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 (MyNCDS-1) survey
    Matched MeSH terms: China/ethnology
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