Displaying publications 1061 - 1080 of 5118 in total

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  1. Endobronchial glomus tumor
    Rashid Ali MR, Kannan KK
    J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol, 2015 Jan;22(1):66-8.
    PMID: 25590487 DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0000000000000128
    We report a case of a 52-year-old patient who had undergone a bladder resection and an ileal conduit for a transitional cell carcinoma. He then presented with a short history of hemoptysis 3 months later. Rigid bronchoscopy was performed revealing an endobronchial lesion, which was removed via laser and debulking method without complications. Histopathologic examination confirmed it to be a benign endobronchial glomus tumor. On the basis of our literature search, this is the 34th reported case of glomus tumor arising from the respiratory tract, seventh reported case of an endobronchial glomus tumor treated bronchoscopically, and the first possibly coincidental finding in relation to a patient with primary transitional bladder cell carcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology; Bronchial Neoplasms/pathology*; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology; Glomus Tumor/pathology*
  2. Fulltext The establishment of metabolic syndrome model by induction of fructose drinking water in male Wistar rats
    Mamikutty N, Thent ZC, Sapri SR, Sahruddin NN, Mohd Yusof MR, Haji Suhaimi F
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:263897.
    PMID: 25045660 DOI: 10.1155/2014/263897
    Metabolic syndrome can be caused by modification of diet by means of consumption of high carbohydrate and high fat diet such as fructose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hyperglycemia/pathology; Liver/pathology; Obesity/pathology; Metabolic Syndrome X/pathology*
  3. Cellular and chemokine-mediated regulation in schistosome-induced hepatic pathology
    Chuah C, Jones MK, Burke ML, McManus DP, Gobert GN
    Trends Parasitol, 2014 Mar;30(3):141-50.
    PMID: 24433721 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.12.009
    In hepatic schistosomiasis, pathology arises when schistosome eggs become lodged in the host liver, evoking an interleukin 4 (IL-4)- and IL-13-mediated dominant CD4(+) Th2 immune response. This response leads to the development of granulomas and fibrosis, with eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and lymphocytes all identified as major cellular contributors to these events. This review outlines the cellular and molecular mechanisms of hepatic schistosomiasis, with an emphasis on the major cellular components and their release of chemokines. The differences between Schistosoma mansoni- and Schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic granuloma are also discussed. This comprehensive overview of the processes associated with hepatic schistosomiasis may provide new insights into improved treatment for both schistosomiasis and other granulofibrotic diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver/pathology*; Schistosomiasis/pathology*; Schistosomiasis japonica/pathology; Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology
  4. Complete activation of autophagic process attenuates liver injury and improves survival in septic mice
    Lin CW, Lo S, Perng DS, Wu DB, Lee PH, Chang YF, et al.
    Shock, 2014 Mar;41(3):241-9.
    PMID: 24365881 DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000111
    The accumulation of autophagosomes in the terminal step of the autophagic process has recently emerged as a potentially maladaptive process in the septic heart and lung. However, the role of autophagy in the septic liver has not been ascertained. This study was investigated by first examining the entire sequence of the autophagic process in the liver of septic mice. Second, a novel pharmacotherapeutic approach was utilized to treat sepsis with autophagy enhancer/inhibitor. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). C57BL/6 mice received autophagy enhancer carbamazepine (CBZ), autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (inhibition of autophagosomal formation), or chloroquine (impairment of autophagosomal clearance). We found that the whole autophagic process was activated at 4 h after CLP; however, it did not proceed to completion during the 4- to 24-h time period, as indicated by accumulated autophagosomes and decreased autophagic flux. Carbamazepine, which induced complete activation of the autophagic process, improved CLP survival. This protective effect was also associated with decreased cell death, inflammatory responses, and hepatic injury. However, disruption of autophagosomal clearance with chloroquine abolished the above protective effects in CBZ-treated CLP mice. 3-Methyladenine, which resulted in inhibition of the autophagosomal formation, did not show any above beneficial effects in CLP mice. Impaired autophagosome-lysome fusion resulting in incomplete activation of autophagy may contribute to sepsis-induced liver injury. Treatment with CBZ may serve a protective role in the septic liver, possibly through the effect of complete activation of autophagic process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver/pathology; Lysosomes/pathology; Phagosomes/pathology; Sepsis/pathology
  5. Detection of channel catfish virus in cage-cultured Pangasius hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) in Malaysia
    Siti-Zahrah A, Zamri-Saad M, Firdaus-Nawi M, Hazreen-Nita MK, Nur-Nazifah M
    J Fish Dis, 2014 Nov;37(11):981-3.
    PMID: 24117659 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12185
    Matched MeSH terms: Fish Diseases/pathology; Herpesviridae Infections/pathology; Kidney/pathology; Spleen/pathology
  6. Physiological assessment of in vivo human knee articular cartilage using sodium MR imaging at 1.5 T
    Hani AF, Kumar D, Malik AS, Razak R
    Magn Reson Imaging, 2013 Sep;31(7):1059-67.
    PMID: 23731535 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.01.007
    Osteoarthritis is a common joint disorder that is most prevalent in the knee joint. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) can be characterized by the gradual loss of articular cartilage (AC). Formation of lesion, fissures and cracks on the cartilage surface has been associated with degenerative AC and can be measured by morphological assessment. In addition, loss of proteoglycan from extracellular matrix of the AC can be measured at early stage of cartilage degradation by physiological assessment. In this case, a biochemical phenomenon of cartilage is used to assess the changes at early degeneration of AC. In this paper, a method to measure local sodium concentration in AC due to proteoglycan has been investigated. A clinical 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with multinuclear spectroscopic facility is used to acquire sodium images and quantify local sodium content of AC. An optimised 3D gradient-echo sequence with low echo time has been used for MR scan. The estimated sodium concentration in AC region from four different data sets is found to be ~225±19mmol/l, which matches the values that has been reported for the normal AC. This study shows that sodium images acquired at clinical 1.5-T MRI system can generate an adequate quantitative data that enable the estimation of sodium concentration in AC. We conclude that this method is potentially suitable for non-invasive physiological (sodium content) measurement of articular cartilage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cartilage/pathology; Cartilage, Articular/pathology*; Knee/pathology*; Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology*
  7. Fulltext Cutaneous metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
    Poovaneswaran S, Paleri V, Charlton F, Dobrowsky W, Kelly C
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):430-2.
    PMID: 23082459 MyJurnal
    The presence of cutaneous metastases in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) is rare and associated with a dismal prognosis. It is vital to distinguish these lesions from direct invasion of the skin by SCCHN or primary cutaneous malignancies as the prognosis is vastly different and so is the management. In this case report, we present four cases of cutaneous metastases and also briefly review the literature pertaining to this phenomenon.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*; Tonsillar Neoplasms/pathology*
  8. Fulltext Solid-pseudopapillary carcinoma: a case study and literature review
    Mat Zin AA, Shakir KA, Aminuddin AR, Mahedzan MR, Irnawati WA, Andee DZ, et al.
    BMJ Case Rep, 2012;2012.
    PMID: 22927280 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006495
    Solid-pseudopapillary tumour (SPT) is a rare exocrine tumour of the pancreas and is considered to have low malignant potential. Few morphological criteria are used to predict malignant behaviour such as equivocal perineural invasion, angioinvasion and invasion to surrounding tissue, and should be designated as solid-pseudopapillary carcinoma (SPC). We report a case of SPC. Clinical and radiological findings are typical for SPT with no metastatic disease. There is no tumour recurrence after 4 months postresection. Clinical history and radiological findings were retrieved from the patient's record sheet and Viarad system. H&E staining and few immunoproxidase staining were reviewed by several pathologists. The histological findings are typical for SPT, with additional perineural invasion. There is no angioinvasion or capsular invasion identified. This is our first experience in diagnosing and managing SPC. We look forward to seeing the patient's disease status during her next routine follow-up. We expect good disease-free survival and very low risk of tumour recurrence, in view of only one risk factor (perineural invasion) and uninvolved surgical margins by the tumour.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology; Peripheral Nerves/pathology
  9. Oncologic outcome in surgical management of jugular paraganglioma and factors influencing outcomes
    Lope Ahmad RA, Sivalingam S, Konishi M, De Donato G, Sanna M
    Head Neck, 2013 Apr;35(4):527-34.
    PMID: 22544660 DOI: 10.1002/hed.22987
    The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that may influence the management outcome in patients with jugular paragangliomas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cranial Nerves/pathology*; Glomus Jugulare Tumor/pathology; Jugular Veins/pathology*; Skull Base Neoplasms/pathology
  10. Endoprosthetic reconstruction for giant cell tumors of the distal tibia: a short term review
    Ajit Singh V, Nasirudin N, Bernatt M
    Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2013 Jun;9(2):182-9.
    PMID: 22897856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2012.01553.x
    Custom-made endoprosthetic reconstruction for distal tibia tumors is a viable option of treatment in carefully selected patients. It maintains satisfactory function and provides good pain relief. We report four cases of giant cell tumors of the distal tibia successfully treated by endoprosthetic reconstruction. This is a feasible option in cases of this nature and offers a better function than the other available options.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms/pathology; Giant Cell Tumors/pathology; Osteosarcoma/pathology; Tibia/pathology
  11. Pedunculated parietal pleural lesion: a rare presentation of bronchogenic cyst
    Abdul Rahman MR, Yaman MN, Dimon MZ, Zabir AF, Min JO, Hamid HA
    Ann Thorac Surg, 2011 Aug;92(2):714-5.
    PMID: 21801925 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.02.028
    We present a 35-year-old man with a preoperative diagnosis of a right lower lobe cystic mass. Misled by a radiological suggestion of an intraparenchymal lesion, he had a thoracotomy and right lower lobectomy. An intraoperative finding of a pedunculated cyst arising from the parietal pleural with subsequent histopathology confirmation of a benign bronchogenic cyst, however, would have made a less invasive surgical excision more appropriate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchogenic Cyst/pathology; Lung Diseases/pathology; Pleura/pathology; Pleural Diseases/pathology
  12. Fulltext P53 expression in invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions
    Norfadzilah MY, Pailoor J, Retneswari M, Chinna K, Noor LM
    Malays J Pathol, 2011 Dec;33(2):89-94.
    PMID: 22299208 MyJurnal
    Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma are known to have a high mortality rate. The 5-year survival rate still remains low even now compared to that of the 1960's despite new advances in management including surgery, chemotherapy, pathological classification and molecular diagnostic technologies. Precursors to invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been identified in the last ten years that include mucinous cystic neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. p53 protein accumulation in the nuclei is a common molecular event in most human neoplasms. Our objective is to investigate p53 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions and their significance. The selected study material encompassed 31 invasive ductal adenocarcinoma, 15 mucinous cystic neoplasm and papillary mucinous neoplasm, and 27 cases of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia including grade 1, 2 and 3. Immunoscore was given for each case based on intensity of staining and percentage of cells positive and compared between precursor lesions and invasive adenocarcinoma. A score of 50 and above was considered significant. The results showed that p53 expression increased progressively and significantly with the grade of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma (p-value < 0.001). These findings support the concept of multistep carcinogenesis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma and suggest that p53 inactivation occurs in the progression of precursors to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma in Situ/pathology; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology; Precancerous Conditions/pathology; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
  13. Serial nerve conduction studies provide insight into the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré and Fisher syndromes
    Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ, Kokubun N, Abdullah S, Yuki N
    J Neurol Sci, 2011 Oct 15;309(1-2):26-30.
    PMID: 21849173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.07.042
    The electrodiagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) can be broadly divided into acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Fisher syndrome (FS) is a variant of GBS, although the underlying neuropathy of FS has yet to be established. Serial nerve conduction studies (NCS) can provide further insight into the likely pathophysiology by further subtyping of GBS and FS. We present a patient with an initial diagnosis of AIDP in whom repeated NCS revealed the AMAN variant. This led us to investigate serial NCS in five patients with GBS, FS and FS/GBS overlap presenting over a period of a year. Three patients with AIDP showed a gradual increase in distal motor latencies during the acute phase of illness. NCS of two patients with FS and FS/GBS overlap showed no demyelinating features suggesting underlying axonal neuropathy in this group of patients. The importance of serial NCS in establishing the underlying pattern of neuropathy in GBS and FS is further emphasized in this study. Larger studies incorporating serial NCS are required to confirm the observations seen in our case series especially when pathological studies are often not justified in this group of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Motor Neurons/pathology; Sensory Receptor Cells/pathology; Miller Fisher Syndrome/pathology; Miller Fisher Syndrome/physiopathology*; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/pathology; Guillain-Barre Syndrome/physiopathology*
  14. An elbow dislocation in a child with missed medial epicondyle fracture and late ulnar nerve palsy
    Haflah NH, Ibrahim S, Sapuan J, Abdullah S
    J Pediatr Orthop B, 2010 Sep;19(5):459-61.
    PMID: 20555271 DOI: 10.1097/BPB.0b013e32833b6032
    Elbow dislocations associated with a medial epicondyle fracture and ulnar nerve palsy are uncommon injuries. We present the case of an 11-year-old girl with an elbow dislocation treated by closed manual reduction. The medial epicondyle fracture was missed initially until she developed an ulnar nerve palsy 2 months later. Intraoperatively we discovered the bony epicondyle piercing the joint capsule and compressing the ulnar nerve. Removal of the bony fragment relieved her symptoms and she returned to normal activities at 1 year follow-up. We would like to highlight this rare occurrence and present the detailed history and management of this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dislocations/pathology*; Elbow Joint/pathology*; Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes/pathology*; Ulnar Neuropathies/pathology*
  15. A recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lacrimal sac involvement: a case report
    Tang IP, Periyannan P, Prepageran N, Shashinder S, Singh A, Bhagubhai PN
    Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2011 Jan;20(1):93-5.
    PMID: 20088917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2009.01147.x
    We report a very rare case of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma with local involvement of lacrimal sac. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and there was no recurrence noted after 1 year of follow-up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Eye Neoplasms/pathology*; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases/pathology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology*
  16. Fulltext Haemangioma of the uvula causing loud habitual snoring--a rare entity
    Thong JF, Pang KP, Siow JK
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):408-9.
    PMID: 19803302
    Mucosal haemangiomas are unusual and typically involve frequently traumatised areas such as the lip, buccal mucosa and lateral borders of the tongue. Uvular haemangioma is rare and to our knowledge, has never been reported to cause obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). We report an unusual case of uvular haemangioma causing loud habitual snoring and symptoms suggestive of OSA. This case report illustrates a rare cause of OSA and demonstrates the efficacy of surgery for obvious obstructive lesions of the pharynx.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemangioma/pathology; Palatal Neoplasms/pathology; Snoring/pathology; Uvula/pathology
  17. Fatal lightning strikes in Malaysia
    Murty OP, Kian CK, Ari Husin MH, Nanta Kumar RK, Mohammed Yusuf WY
    Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2009 Sep;30(3):246-51.
    PMID: 19704405 DOI: 10.1097/PAF.0b013e31819d20a4
    Lightning strike is a natural phenomenon with potentially devastating effects and represents one of the important causes of deaths from environmental phenomena. Almost every organ system may be affected as lightning current passes through the human body taking the shortest pathways between the contact points. A 10 years retrospective study (1996-2005) was conducted at University Hospital Kuala Lumpur (20 cases) also including cases during last 3 years from Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Klang (7 cases) from the autopsy reports at Forensic Pathology Units of these 2 hospitals. Both these hospitals are attached to University of Malaya. There were 27 fatal cases of lightning strike with male preponderance(92.59%) and male to female ratio of 12.5:1. Majority of victims of lightning strike were from the age group between 30 and 39 years old. Most of the victims were foreign workers. Indonesians workers contributed to 59.26% of overall cases. Majority of them were construction workers who attributed i.e.11 of 27 cases (40.74%). Most of the victims were brought in dead (37.04%). In majority of the cases the lightning incidence occurred in the evenings, with the frequency of 15 of 27 cases (62.5%). The month of December represented with the highest number of cases (5 cases of 23 cases); 2004 had the highest incidence of lightning strike which was 5 (19.23%). Lightning strike incidence occurred when victims had taken shelter (25.9%) under trees or shades. Lightning strike in open areas occurred in 10 of 27 cases (37.0%). Head and neck were the most commonly affected sites with the incidence of 77.78% and 74% respectively in all the victims. Only 29.63% of the cases presented with ear bleeding.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ear Diseases/pathology; Hemorrhage/pathology; Lightning Injuries/pathology*; Forensic Pathology
  18. Fulltext A clinicopathological study of nine cases of gallbladder carcinoma in 1122 cholecystectomies in Johor, Malaysia
    Khoo JJ, Nurul AM
    Malays J Pathol, 2008 Jun;30(1):21-6.
    PMID: 19108407 MyJurnal
    An audit of 1122 cholecystectomies for a 6-year period from 2000 to 2005 was done to review cases of primary carcinoma of gallbladder. There were nine cases of primary carcinoma of gallbladder. Six were females and 3 males. Their ages ranged from 27 to 81 years. Pre-operatively, only 2 (11.1%) were clinically suspected of carcinoma while 3 were diagnosed as cholecystitis, two as cholelithiasis and one case each of ovarian cyst and intestinal obstruction. Intra-operatively, an additional four cases were suspected as gallbladder carcinoma with the remaining three cases diagnosed as only having gallstones. Altogether only 5 (55.6%) cases were associated with gallstones. Six (66.67%) cases of gallbladder carcinoma had abnormal macroscopical lesions noted; either papillary lesions or polypoid masses. The remaining 3 cases had thickening of the wall, consistent with chronic cholecystitis. Seven cases were found histologically to be adenocarcinoma. Of these, two were papillary carcinoma and one signet ring cell type adenocarcinoma. One case of squamous cell carcinoma and one case of adenosquamous carcinoma were noted. This study highlights the importance of careful macroscopical and microscopical evaluation of a routine pathological examination of gallbladder removed for cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. It provides the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma in patients who underwent cholecystectomies in a government hospital in Johor, Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology*; Cholecystitis/pathology; Gallbladder Neoplasms/pathology*; Gallstones/pathology
  19. Cell based therapy for osteoarthritis in a sheep model: gross and histological assessment
    Alfaqeh H, Norhamdan MY, Chua KH, Chen HC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:37-8.
    PMID: 19024972
    This study was to determine if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in chondrogenic medium could repair surgically induced osteoarthritis. Sheep BMSCs were cultured in medium containing 5ng/ml TGFbeta3 + 50ng/ml IGF-1 for three weeks. The cultured cells were then suspended at density of 2x10(6) cell/ml and injected intraarticularly into the osteoarthritic knee joint. After six weeks, the distal head of the femur and the proximal tibial plateau were removed and stained with H&E. The results indicated that knee joints treated with autologous BMSCs cultured in chondrogenic medium showed clear evidence of articular cartilage regeneration in comparison with other groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Femur/pathology; Knee Joint/pathology*; Osteoarthritis/pathology; Tibia/pathology
  20. Standard "inject and cut" endoscopic mucosal resection technique is practical and effective in the management of superficial colorectal neoplasms
    Mahadeva S, Rembacken BJ
    Surg Endosc, 2009 Feb;23(2):417-22.
    PMID: 18806938 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-008-9983-z
    BACKGROUND: Standard polypectomy techniques may be contributing to ineffective eradication of colonic superficial neoplasia, an increasing number of which are nonpolypoid. We aimed to demonstrate the practicality and efficacy of the "inject and cut" endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) technique in routine clinical practice.

    METHODS: Colonic EMRs performed for polypoid and nonpolypoid lesions at a tertiary institution were prospectively collected and analyzed for efficacy, and short and long-term complications.

    RESULTS: 224 colonic neoplasms (143 flat, 65 sessile and 16 subpedunculated) were excised by the standard inject-and-cut method, with standard accessories. The median size of all lesions was 10 mm (range 2-50 mm) and 110 (49.2%) lesions were located in the proximal colon. Histological completeness of resection was achieved in 87% of cases. Of the lesions 77.2% were dysplastic, with 5 cases of carcinoma in situ and 18 severely dysplastic adenomas. Complications included bleeding in five cases (2.2 %) and a single case of perforation (0.4%). All complications were managed endoscopically. Median follow up at 24 +/- 16 months (range 12-84 months) revealed a 7.2% local recurrence rate, all of which were subsequently eradicated by repeat EMR.

    CONCLUSIONS: Standard inject-and-cut colonic EMR is practical and effective in the eradication of superficial colonic neoplasia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Adenoma/pathology; Carcinoma/pathology; Intestinal Polyps/pathology; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
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