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Fulltext (E)-3-Chloro-N'-(2-fluoro-benzyl-idene)thio-phene-2-carbohydrazide

Sultan S, Taha M, Shah SA, Yamin BM, Zaki HM

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2014 Jul 1;70(Pt 7):o751.
PMID: 25161546 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536814011568

The title compound, C12H8ClFN2OS, is a hydrazide derivative adopting an E conformation with an azomethine N=C double bond length of 1.272 (2) Å. The mol-ecular skeleton is approximately planar; the terminal five- and six-membered rings form a dihedral angle of 5.47 (9)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into zigzag chains propagating in [100].
Fulltext Phenoxyacetohydrazide Schiff bases: β-glucuronidase inhibitors

Jamil W, Perveen S, Shah SA, Taha M, Ismail NH, Perveen S, et al.

Molecules, 2014 Jun 25;19(7):8788-802.
PMID: 24968334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19078788

Phenoxyacetohydrazide Schiff base analogs 1-28 have been synthesized and their in vitro β-glucouoronidase inhibition potential studied. Compounds 1 (IC50=9.20±0.32 µM), 5 (IC50=9.47±0.16 µM), 7 (IC50=14.7±0.19 µM), 8 (IC50=15.4±1.56 µM), 11 (IC50=19.6±0.62 µM), 12 (IC50=30.7±1.49 µM), 15 (IC50=12.0±0.16 µM), 21 (IC50=13.7±0.40 µM) and 22 (IC50=22.0±0.14 µM) showed promising β-glucuronidase inhibition activity, better than the standard (D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone, IC50=48.4±1.25 µM).
Oral paricalcitol versus oral calcitriol in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism

Jamaluddin EJ, Gafor AH, Yean LC, Cader R, Mohd R, Kong NC, et al.

Clin Exp Nephrol, 2014 Jun;18(3):507-14.
PMID: 23903802 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-013-0844-2

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is common in end-stage renal disease. Our primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of oral paricalcitol versus oral calcitriol on serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and mineral bone parameters in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with SHPT. The secondary objective was to analyze highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and peritoneal membrane function in both groups.
A pilot study to determine whether progestogen supplementation using dydrogesterone during the first trimester will reduce the incidence of gestational hypertension in primigravidae

Zainul Rashid MR, Lim JF, Nawawi NH, Luqman M, Zolkeplai MF, Rangkuty HS, et al.

Gynecol Endocrinol, 2014 Mar;30(3):217-20.
PMID: 24552449 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.860960

Gestational hypertension (GH) remains one of the main causes of high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide with the highest incidence among primigravidae of about 10%-15%. However, it was noted that the incidence of GH in primigravidae who conceived following assisted reproductive technique (ART) or intrauterine insemination (IUI) supplemented with dydrogesterone during the first trimester was low.

Study site: Obstetrics and Gynecology
Department, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia PPUKM
Fulltext 2-{[2-(2-Hy-droxy-5-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)hydrazin-1-yl-idene]meth-yl}-4-meth-oxy-phenol

Taha M, Shah SA, Sultan S, Ismail NH, Yousuf S

Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2014 Feb 01;70(Pt 2):o131.
PMID: 24764858 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536813034636

The title phenyl-hydrazine derivative, C16H16N2O4, has a crystallographically imposed centre of symmetry. Except for the methyl group, all non-H atoms are almost coplanar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0095 Å). Intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds are observed, generating S(6) graph-set ring motifs.
Fulltext The effect of calcium with or without calcitriol supplementation on renal function in patients with hypovitaminosis d and chronic kidney disease

Mustafar R, Mohd R, Ahmad Miswan N, Cader R, Gafor HA, Mohamad M, et al.

Nephrourol Mon, 2014 Jan;6(1):e13381.
PMID: 24719814 DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.13381

Hypovitaminosis D (serum 25-OHD < 30 ng/mL) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D is believed to involve in the regulation of renin-angiotensin system and may be renoprotective.
Is the Bahasa Malaysia version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-BM) a better instrument than the Malay version of the Mini Mental State Examination (M-MMSE) in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly?

Razali R, Jean-Li L, Jaffar A, Ahmad M, Shah SA, Ibrahim N, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S70-5.
PMID: 24314103 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.04.010

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a known precursor to Alzheimer disease, yet there is a lack of validated screening instruments for its detection among the Malaysian elderly.
Waist circumference and not body mass index as the outcome of a group weight intervention for patients with severe mental illness

Nik Jaafar NR, Midin M, Mahadevan R, Sinniah A, Rahman AH, Ming W, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S60-4.
PMID: 24139853 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.002

OBJECTIVE: Most weight interventions among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) used body mass index (BMI) as outcome measure but excluded waist circumference (WC) although the latter is a stronger predictor of obesity complications. This study aimed to assess a weight-management program consisting of education, exercise and behavioural techniques for patients with SMI using weight parameters including WC as the outcome measures.
METHODS: A group intervention was carried out as part of psychiatric outpatient community service. It used structured modules on diet, exercise and related topics comprising of education and exercises sessions with a total of 12-week duration. The participants were outpatients with SMI recruited through referrals to the program by the treating doctor. The participants' body weight, BMI and WC were measured at the baseline, fortnightly and at the end of the program.
RESULTS: A total of 27 patients participated in the program which was carried out in 6 cycles. The pre- and post-intervention comparisons analysis of the weight parameters found a significant reduction in the WC (mean=3.878 cm+5.165, p=0.001) while no significant changes were recorded in body weight and BMI.
CONCLUSION: Small but significant loss in WC and possibly weight maintenance were achieved using this non-pharmacological intervention. Modest loss in WC may have an impact on reducing the risk of obesity-related health risks.
Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Why do young adolescents bully? Experience in Malaysian schools

Wan Ismail WS, Nik Jaafar NR, Sidi H, Midin M, Shah SA

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S114-20.
PMID: 23763872 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.05.002

INTRODUCTION: To determine sociodemographic and psychological factors associated with bullying behavior among young adolescents in Malaysia.
METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of four hundred ten 12-year-old adolescents from seven randomly sampled schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sociodemographic features of the adolescents and their parents, bullying behavior (Malaysian Bullying Questionnaire), ADHD symptoms (Conners Rating Scales), and internalizing and externalizing behavior (Child Behaviour Checklist) were obtained from adolescents, parents and teachers, respectively.
RESULTS: Only male gender (OR=7.071, p=0.01*, CI=1.642-30.446) was a significant sociodemographic factor among bullies. Predominantly hyperactive (OR=2.285, p=0.00*, CI=1.507-3.467) and inattentive ADHD symptoms reported by teachers (OR=1.829, p=0.03*, CI=1.060-3.154) and parents (OR=1.709, p=0.03*, CI=1.046-2.793) were significant risk factors for bullying behavior while combined symptoms reported by young adolescents (OR=0.729, p=0.01*, CI=0.580-0.915) and teachers (OR=0.643, p=0.02*, CI=0.440-0.938) were protective against bullying behavior despite the influence of conduct behavior (OR=3.160, p=0.00*, CI=1.600-6.241). Internalizing behavior, that is, withdrawn (OR=0.653, p=0.04*, CI=0.436-0.977) and somatic complaints (OR=0.619, p=0.01*, CI=0.430-0.889) significantly protect against bullying behavior.
DISCUSSIONS: Recognizing factors associated with bullying behavior, in particular factors distinctive to the local population, facilitates in strategizing effective interventions for school bullying among young adolescents in Malaysian schools.
Functional remission and employment among patients with schizophrenia in Malaysia

Dahlan R, Midin M, Shah SA, Nik Jaafar NR, Abdul Rahman FN, Baharudin A, et al.

Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S46-51.
PMID: 23679983 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.007

The study aimed to determine the rates of functional remission and employment as well as the factors associated with functional remission among patients with Schizophrenia, receiving community psychiatric service in an urban setting in Malaysia.
Does clinical experience help oncology nursing staff to deal with patient pain better than nurses from other displines? Knowledge and attitudes survey amongst nurses in a tertiary care in Malaysia

Yaakup H, Eng TC, Shah SA

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(12):4885-91.
PMID: 24998558

BACKGROUND: Successful implementation of pain management procedures and guidelines in an institution depends very much on the acceptance of many levels of healthcare providers.
AIM: The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among nurses working in tertiary care in a local setting and the factors that may be associated with this.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional research study used a modified version of the Nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (NKAS) regarding pain. Basic demographic data were obtained for further correlation with the level of pain knowledge.
RESULTS: A total of 566 nurses, 34 male and 532 female, volunteered to participate in this study. The response rate (RR) was 76%, with an overall mean percentage score of 42.7±10.9 (range: 5-92.5). The majority of participants were younger nurses below 40 years of age and more than 70% had worked for less than 10 years (6.6±4.45). Up to 92% had never had any formal education in pain management in general. The total mean score of correct answers was 58.6±9.58, with oncology nursing staff scoring a higher percentage when compared with nurses from other general and critical care wards (63.52±9.27, p<0.045). Only 2.5% out of all participants obtained a score of 80% or greater. The majority of the oncology nurses achieved the expected competency level (p<0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: The present findings give further support for the universal concern about poor knowledge and attitudes among nurses related to the optimal management of pain. The results indicated that neither number of years working nor age influenced the level of knowledge or attitudes of the practising nurses. Oncology nursing staff consistently scored better than the rest of the cohort. This reflects that clinical experience helps to improve attitudes and knowledge concerning better pain management.
Fulltext Microbial-catalyzed biotransformation of multifunctional triterpenoids derived from phytonutrients

Shah SA, Tan HL, Sultan S, Faridz MA, Shah MA, Nurfazilah S, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2014;15(7):12027-60.
PMID: 25003642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150712027

Microbial-catalyzed biotransformations have considerable potential for the generation of an enormous variety of structurally diversified organic compounds, especially natural products with complex structures like triterpenoids. They offer efficient and economical ways to produce semi-synthetic analogues and novel lead molecules. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi could catalyze chemo-, regio- and stereospecific hydroxylations of diverse triterpenoid substrates that are extremely difficult to produce by chemical routes. During recent years, considerable research has been performed on the microbial transformation of bioactive triterpenoids, in order to obtain biologically active molecules with diverse structures features. This article reviews the microbial modifications of tetranortriterpenoids, tetracyclic triterpenoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids.
Fulltext The Relationship between the Neighborhood Safety and Nutritional Status of Children in Baghdad City, Iraq

Ghazi HF, Isa ZM, Shah SA, Abdal Qader MA, Hasan TN, Al-Abed AA

J Nutr Metab, 2014;2014:686934.
PMID: 25243083 DOI: 10.1155/2014/686934

Introduction. The neighborhoods where the children live play an important role in their development physically and mentally. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between neighborhood safety and child nutritional status in Baghdad city, Iraq. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Baghdad city, Iraq, among 400 primary school children from 4 schools. BMI-for-age Z score was used to assess the nutritional status of the children. Newly developed questionnaires on neighborhood safety were distributed to the parents to answer them. Results. In this study, males were more predominant than females with 215 participants compared to 185 females. A total of 49% were normal weight, 38.8% either overweight or obese, and only 12.2% underweight. There was a significant relationship between father education, father and mother working status, family income, and children nutritional status (P = 0.10, 0.009, <0.001, 0.37), respectively. The association between neighborhood safety variables and child nutritional status was significant except for worrying about child safety and thinking of leaving the neighborhood (P = 0.082, 0.084), respectively. Conclusion. Nutritional status of school children continues to be a public health issue in Iraq especially Baghdad city. There was a significant association between neighborhood safety and children nutritional status.
Comparative analysis between multilevel sectioning with conventional haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry for detecting nodal micrometastases with stage I and II colorectal cancers

Wong YP, Shah SA, Shaari N, Mohamad Esa MS, Sagap I, Isa NM

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(4):1725-30.
PMID: 24641399

Management of patients with stage II colorectal carcinomas remains challenging as 20 - 30% of them will develop recurrence. It is postulated that these patients may harbour nodal micrometastases which are imperceptible by routine histopathological evaluation. The aims of our study were to evaluate (1) the feasibility of multilevel sectioning method utilizing haematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry technique with cytokeratin AE1/AE3, in detecting micrometastases in histologically-negative lymph nodes, and (2) correlation between nodal micrometastases with clinicopathological parameters. Sixty two stage I and II cases with a total of 635 lymph nodes were reviewed. Five-level haematoxylin and eosin staining and one-level cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunostaining were performed on all lymph nodes retrieved. The findings were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Two (3.2%) lymph nodes in two patients (one in each) were found to harbour micrometastases detected by both methods. With cytokeratin AE1/AE3, we successfully identified four (6.5%) patients with isolated tumour cells, but none through the multilevel sectioning method. Nodal micrometastases detected by both multilevel sectioning and immunohistochemistry methods were not associated with larger tumour size, higher depth of invasion, poorer tumour grade, disease recurrence or distant metastasis. We conclude that there is no difference between the two methods in detecting nodal micrometastases. Therefore it is opined that multilevel sectioning is a feasible and yet inexpensive method that may be incorporated into routine practice to detect nodal micrometastases in centres with limited resources.
Spatial analysis of colorectal cancer cases in Kuala Lumpur

Shah SA, Neoh HM, Rahim SS, Azhar ZI, Hassan MR, Safian N, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2014;15(3):1149-54.
PMID: 24606433

BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, data from the Malaysian Health Ministry showed colorectal cancer (CRC) to be the second most common type of cancer in 2007-2009, after breast cancer. The same was apparent after looking at males and females cases separately. In the present study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to describe the distribution of CRC cases in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, according to socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity and district).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective review concerned data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the years 1995 to 2011 collected from the Wilayah Persekutuan Health Office, taken from the cancer notification form (NCR-2), and patient medical records from the Surgical Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A total of 146 cases were analyzed. All the data collected were analysed using ArcGIS version 10.0 and SPSS version 19.0.
RESULTS: Patients aged 60 to 69 years accounted for the highest proportion of cases (34.2%) and males slightly predominated 76 (52.1%), Chinese had the highest number of registered cases at 108 (74.0%) and staging revealed most cases in the 3rd and 4th stages. Kernel density analysis showed more cases are concentrated up in the northern area of Petaling and Kuala Lumpur subdistricts. Spatial global pattern analysis by average nearest neighbour resulted in nearest neighbour ratio of 0.75, with Z-score of -5.59, p value of <0.01 and the z-score of -5.59. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) showed clustering significant with p<0.01, Z score 3.14 and Moran's Index of 0.007. When mapping clusters with hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi), hot and cold spots were identified. Hot spot areas fell on the northeast side of KL.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated significant spatial patterns of cancer incidence in KL. Knowledge about these spatial patterns can provide useful information to policymakers in the planning of screening of CRC in the targeted population and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CRC patients.
Fulltext Antioxidant activity of hispidin oligomers from medicinal fungi: a DFT study

El Hassane A, Shah SA, Hassan NB, El Moussaoui N, Ahmad R, Zulkefeli M, et al.

Molecules, 2014;19(3):3489-507.
PMID: 24662069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19033489

Hispidin oligomers are styrylpyrone pigments isolated from the medicinal fungi Inonotus xeranticus and Phellinus linteus. They exhibit diverse biological activities and strong free radical scavenging activity. To rationalize the antioxidant activity of a series of four hispidin oligomers and determine the favored mechanism involved in free radical scavenging, DFT calculations were carried out at the B3P86/6-31+G (d, p) level of theory in gas and solvent. The results showed that bond dissociation enthalpies of OH groups of hispidin oligomers (ArOH) and spin density delocalization of related radicals (ArO•) are the appropriate parameters to clarify the differences between the observed antioxidant activities for the four oligomers. The effect of the number of hydroxyl groups and presence of a catechol moiety conjugated to a double bond on the antioxidant activity were determined. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies showed that the PC-ET mechanism is the main mechanism involved in free radical scavenging. The spin density distribution over phenoxyl radicals allows a better understanding of the hispidin oligomers formation.
Fulltext The effects of calcitriol with calcium carbonate supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in chronic kidney disease patients' with low vitamin D

Mustafar RB, Mohd R, Miswan NA, Bain A, Cader R, Gafor AH, et al.

Cent Eur J Immunol, 2014;39(2):236-42.
PMID: 26155130 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2014.43729

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients' are at risk of low vitamin D and chronic inflammation. We studied the effect of 12 weeks calcitriol and calcium carbonate supplementation on inflammatory mediators serum; interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
Fulltext Nonmotor symptoms in a malaysian Parkinson's disease population

Azmin S, Khairul Anuar AM, Tan HJ, Nafisah WY, Raymond AA, Hanita O, et al.

Parkinsons Dis, 2014;2014:472157.
PMID: 24800102 DOI: 10.1155/2014/472157

Background. The nonmotor symptoms are important determinants of health and quality of life in Parkinson's disease but are not well recognized and addressed in clinical practice. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study among patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Exclusion criteria were a Mini Mental State Examination score of <21/30. Prevalence of nonmotor symptoms was determined using the NMSQuest. The severity of nonmotor symptoms and the quality of life were assessed using validated disease-specific questionnaires (PDQ-39 and NMSS). Results. A total of 113 patients consisting of 60 males and 53 females were recruited. The median duration of illness was 5.0 (2.0-8.0) years. The prevalence rate of nonmotor symptoms in our cohort was 97.3%. The most common reported nonmotor symptom in our cohort was gastrointestinal (76.1%). We found that the severity of the nonmotor symptoms was associated with poorer quality of life scores (r s : 0.727, P < 0.001). Conclusions. Nonmotor symptoms were highly prevalent in our patients with Parkinson's disease and adversely affected the quality of life of our patients. In contrast to western studies, the most common nonmotor symptom is gastrointestinal. The possibility of an Asian diet playing a role in this observation requires further study.
Fulltext Validation of the Malay version of the Parental Bonding Instrument among Malaysian youths using exploratory factor analysis

Muhammad NA, Shamsuddin K, Omar K, Shah SA, Mohd Amin R

Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):51-9.
PMID: 25977634 MyJurnal

Parenting behaviour is culturally sensitive. The aims of this study were (1) to translate the Parental Bonding Instrument into Malay (PBI-M) and (2) to determine its factorial structure and validity among the Malaysian population.
Biotransformation of 17α-ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs with microbial and plant cell cultures: a review

Shah SA, Sultan S, Hassan NB, Muhammad FK, Faridz MA, Hussain FB, et al.

Steroids, 2013 Dec 20;78(14):1312-24.
PMID: 24135562 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.001

Structural modification of steroids through whole-cell biocatalysis is an invaluable procedure for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and key intermediates. Modifications could be carried out with regio- and stereospecificity at positions hardly available for chemical agents. Much attention has been focused recently on the biotransformation of 17α-ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs using fungi, bacteria and plant cell cultures in order to obtained novel biologically active compounds with diverse structure features. Present article includes studies on biotransformation on 17α-ethynyl substituted steroidal drugs using microorganisms and plant cell cultures. Various experimental and structural elucidation methods used in biotransformational processes are also highlighted.

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