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Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a multi-ethnic population

Suthandiram S, Gan GG, Zain SM, Haerian BS, Bee PC, Lian LH, et al.

J Hum Genet, 2014 May;59(5):280-7.
PMID: 24646728 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2014.19

An imbalance in folate metabolism can adversely affect DNA synthesis and methylation systems which can lead to susceptibility to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their haplotypes in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are associated with NHL, remain inconclusive. We investigated the association between MTHFR C677T and A1298C SNPs and NHL risk in a population which is made up of Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic subgroups. A total of 372 NHL patients and 722 controls were genotyped using the Sequenom MassARRAY platform. Our results of the pooled subjects failed to demonstrate significant association between the MTHFR C677T and A1298C SNPs with NHL and its subtypes. The results were in agreement with the previous meta-analyses. In the Indian ethnic subgroup however, single locus analysis of MTHFR A1298C appears to confer risk to NHL (Odds ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.22-3.00, P=0.006). The risk is almost doubled in homozygous carrier of MTHFR 1298CC (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.56-10.43, P=0.004). Haplotype analysis revealed higher frequency of CC in the Indian NHL patients compared with controls (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.18-2.93, P=0.007). There is lack of evidence to suggest an association between MTHFR C677T and A1298C with the risk of NHL in the Malays and Chinese. In the Indians however, the MTHFR A1298C confers risk to NHL. This study suggests ethnicity modifies the relationship between polymorphisms in the folate-metabolizing gene and NHL.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext The HLA DPB1*02:01:02 and DQB1*05:02:01 alleles as possible risk factors for colorectal carcinoma in the Malaysian population

Sri Noraima Othman, Nor Adzimah Johdi, Zuraini Abd Razak, Luqman Mazlan, Ismail Sagap, Rahman Jamal

Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016;6(2):1-8.
MyJurnal

Many studies have shown that the immune response highly depends on the inheritance of specific HLA
genes in promoting the generation of T cells for the elimination of pathogens. Loss or alteration of HLA
antigen expression in tumor cells has been observed in a variety of human malignancies leading to immune
escape or immune resistance. We investigated whether the inheritance of certain alleles of HLA class II
genes confers susceptibility or resistance towards the development of colorectal carcinoma (CRC).
Molecular typing of HLA DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles in 42 patients diagnosed with CRC and 50
ethnically matched healthy controls using the PCR-sequence based typing (PCR-SBT) was conducted. The
HLA DPB1*02:01:02 was significantly higher in CRC patients (38.1%, p=0.0189) compared to healthy
controls (16%). Also, HLA DQB1*05:02:01 was present in 28.6% of CRC patients but only 10% of healthy
controls (p=0.0278). The odds ratios for HLA DPB1*02:01:02 and HLA DQB1*05:02:01were 3.23 and 3.60,
respectively. There were no significant association observed for the DRB1 allele with CRC. Our study
suggests that the HLA DPB1*02:01:02 and HLA DQB1*05:02:01 alleles may confer a higher risk for CRC

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Population genetics of allozyme variation in Neurospora intermedia

Spieth PT

Genetics, 1975 Aug;80(4):785-805.
PMID: 1193373

Electrophoretically detectable variation in the fungus Neurospora intermedia has been surveyed among isolates from natural populations in Malaya, Papua, Australia and Florida. The principal result is a pattern of genetic variation within and between populations that is qualitatively no different than the well documented patterns for Drosophila and humans. In particular, there is a high level of genetic variation, the majority of which occurs at the level of local populations. Evidence is presented which argues that N. intermedia has a population structure analogous to that of an annual vascular plant with a high level of vegetative reproduction. Sexual reproduction appears to be a regular feature in the biology of the species. Substantial heterokaryon function seems unlikely in natural populations of N. intermedia. Theoretical considerations concerning the mechanisms underlying the observed pattern of variation most likely should be consistent with haploid selection theory. The implications of this constraint upon the theory are discussed in detail, leading to the presentation of a model based upon the concept of environmental heterogenicity. The essence of the model, which is equally applicable to haploid and diploid situations, is a shifting distribution of multiple adaptive niches among local populations such that a given population has a small net selective pressure in favor of one allele or another, depending upon its particular distribution of niches. Gene flow among neighboring populations with differing net selective pressures is postulated as the principal factor underlying intrapopulational allozyme variation.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Development of chloroplast simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) for the intraspecific study of Gracilaria tenuistipitata (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) from different populations

Song SL, Lim PE, Phang SM, Lee WW, Hong DD, Prathep A

BMC Res Notes, 2014;7:77.
PMID: 24490797 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-77

Gracilaria tenuistipitata is an agarophyte with substantial economic potential because of its high growth rate and tolerance to a wide range of environment factors. This red seaweed is intensively cultured in China for the production of agar and fodder for abalone. Microsatellite markers were developed from the chloroplast genome of G. tenuistipitata var. liui to differentiate G. tenuistipitata obtained from six different localities: four from Peninsular Malaysia, one from Thailand and one from Vietnam. Eighty G. tenuistipitata specimens were analyzed using eight simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer-pairs that we developed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Macrolide resistance and genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Asian countries: a study of the Asian Network for Surveillance of Resistant Pathogens (ANSORP)

Song JH, Chang HH, Suh JY, Ko KS, Jung SI, Oh WS, et al.

J Antimicrob Chemother, 2004 Mar;53(3):457-63.
PMID: 14963068

To characterize mechanisms of macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae from 10 Asian countries during 1998-2001.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Analysis of MYO1H single nucleotide polymorphism in class iii malocclusion with mandibular prognathism: a preliminary study

Siti Nazirah Yahya, Nurul Syafiqah Abdul Razak, Noraini Abu Bakar, Khairani Idah Mokhtar, Azrul Fazwan Kharuddin

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):13-13.
MyJurnal

Evidence suggests that several genes; including MYO1H, play an important role in the
etiology of Class III malocclusion. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in marker rs10850110 (locus
12q24.11) within MYO1H gene has been associated with the incidence of mandibular prognathism
(MP). MYO is a class 1 myosin that is responsible for the synthesis of Matrilin-1; an important
protein involved in the formation of cartilage's extracellular matrix, hence is implicated in the
formation of mandibular condyle cartilage. This study aimed to detect the presence of MYO1H
(rs10850110) SNP and to determine its genotype and allele distribution in MP patient in the local
population. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Detection of JAK2 V617F mutation among donors with erythrocytosis

Siti Fatimah Mohamed Kamaruzzaman, Noor Haslina Mohd Noor, Shafini Mohd Yusoff, Wan Zaidah Abdullah, Mohd Nazri Hasan

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2018;3(2):19-25.
MyJurnal

Introduction: It is mandatory that every blood donor must have their haemoglobin (Hb) values measured before blood donation. High Hb may indicate an underlying hidden pathological condition. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of the JAK2 V617F gene mutation in blood donors with erythrocytosis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over a nine-month period involving blood donors with high pre-donation Hb. A total of 45 blood donors with total white cell (TWC) > 12.0x 109/l, platelet > 450x109/ l and Hb > 18g/dL were subjected to JAK2 V617F gene mutation analysis. Samples were collected and analysed for haematological tests and detection of JAK2 V617F mutation. Results: From a total of 2238 blood donors, 175 blood donors had high haemoglobin value. Samples from forty-five of these donors were then analysed for JAK2 V617F using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of blood donors with erythrocytosis was 7.8%. All samples were negative for the JAK2 V617F mutation. Conclusions: Erythrocytosis can be relative or absolute and the different causes can be distinguished on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. An absence of the JAK2 V617F mutation cannot by itself excludes the diagnosis of polycyhaemia vera (PV) since erythrocytosis is the single clinical feature that sets PV apart from other types of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Further study is required for the detection of other gene mutations that activates the JAK-STAT signalling pathway that could be identified in JAK2 V617F-negative MPN patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Positive selection in Europeans and East-Asians at the ABCA12 gene

Sirica R, Buonaiuto M, Petrella V, Sticco L, Tramontano D, Antonini D, et al.

Sci Rep, 2019 03 19;9(1):4843.
PMID: 30890716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40360-9

Natural selection acts on genetic variants by increasing the frequency of alleles responsible for a cellular function that is favorable in a certain environment. In a previous genome-wide scan for positive selection in contemporary humans, we identified a signal of positive selection in European and Asians at the genetic variant rs10180970. The variant is located in the second intron of the ABCA12 gene, which is implicated in the lipid barrier formation and down-regulated by UVB radiation. We studied the signal of selection in the genomic region surrounding rs10180970 in a larger dataset that includes DNA sequences from ancient samples. We also investigated the functional consequences of gene expression of the alleles of rs10180970 and another genetic variant in its proximity in healthy volunteers exposed to similar UV radiation. We confirmed the selection signal and refine its location that extends over 35 kb and includes the first intron, the first two exons and the transcription starting site of ABCA12. We found no obvious effect of rs10180970 alleles on ABCA12 gene expression. We reconstructed the trajectory of the T allele over the last 80,000 years to discover that it was specific to H. sapiens and present in non-Africans 45,000 years ago.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Variation for heterodimerization and nuclear localization among known and novel oil palm SHELL alleles

Singh R, Low EL, Ooi LC, Ong-Abdullah M, Ting NC, Nookiah R, et al.

New Phytol, 2020 04;226(2):426-440.
PMID: 31863488 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16387

Oil palm breeding involves crossing dura and pisifera palms to produce tenera progeny with greatly improved oil yield. Oil yield is controlled by variant alleles of a type II MADS-box gene, SHELL, that impact the presence and thickness of the endocarp, or shell, surrounding the fruit kernel. We identified six novel SHELL alleles in noncommercial African germplasm populations from the Malaysian Palm Oil Board. These populations provide extensive diversity to harness genetic, mechanistic and phenotypic variation associated with oil yield in a globally critical crop. We investigated phenotypes in heteroallelic combinations, as well as SHELL heterodimerization and subcellular localization by yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and gene expression analyses. Four novel SHELL alleles were associated with fruit form phenotype. Candidate heterodimerization partners were identified, and interactions with EgSEP3 and subcellular localization were SHELL allele-specific. Our findings reveal allele-specific mechanisms by which variant SHELL alleles impact yield, as well as speculative insights into the potential role of SHELL in single-gene oil yield heterosis. Future field trials for combinability and introgression may further optimize yield and improve sustainability.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Lupus Susceptibility Region Containing CDKN1B rs34330 Mechanistically Influences Expression and Function of Multiple Target Genes, Also Linked to Proliferation and Apoptosis

Singh B, Maiti GP, Zhou X, Fazel-Najafabadi M, Bae SC, Sun C, et al.

Arthritis Rheumatol, 2021 Dec;73(12):2303-2313.
PMID: 33982894 DOI: 10.1002/art.41799

OBJECTIVE: In a recent genome-wide association study, a significant genetic association between rs34330 of CDKN1B and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Han Chinese was identified. This study was undertaken to validate the reported association and elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying the effect of the variant.
METHODS: We performed an allelic association analysis in patients with SLE, followed by a meta-analysis assessing genome-wide association data across 11 independent cohorts (n = 28,872). In silico bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation in SLE-relevant cell lines were applied to determine the functional consequences of rs34330.
RESULTS: We replicated a genetic association between SLE and rs34330 (meta-analysis P = 5.29 × 10-22 , odds ratio 0.84 [95% confidence interval 0.81-0.87]). Follow-up bioinformatics and expression quantitative trait locus analysis suggested that rs34330 is located in active chromatin and potentially regulates several target genes. Using luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation-real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated substantial allele-specific promoter and enhancer activity, and allele-specific binding of 3 histone marks (H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K4me1), RNA polymerase II (Pol II), CCCTC-binding factor, and a critical immune transcription factor (interferon regulatory factor 1 [IRF-1]). Chromosome conformation capture revealed long-range chromatin interactions between rs34330 and the promoters of neighboring genes APOLD1 and DDX47, and effects on CDKN1B and the other target genes were directly validated by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based genome editing. Finally, CRISPR/dead CRISPR-associated protein 9-based epigenetic activation/silencing confirmed these results. Gene-edited cell lines also showed higher levels of proliferation and apoptosis.
CONCLUSION: Collectively, these findings suggest a mechanism whereby the rs34330 risk allele (C) influences the presence of histone marks, RNA Pol II, and IRF-1 transcription factor to regulate expression of several target genes linked to proliferation and apoptosis. This process could potentially underlie the association of rs34330 with SLE.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
MHC class II-assortative mate choice in European badgers (Meles meles)

Sin YW, Annavi G, Newman C, Buesching C, Burke T, Macdonald DW, et al.

Mol Ecol, 2015 Jun;24(12):3138-50.
PMID: 25913367 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13217

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a crucial role in the immune system, and in some species, it is a target by which individuals choose mates to optimize the fitness of their offspring, potentially mediated by olfactory cues. Under the genetic compatibility hypothesis, individuals are predicted to choose mates with compatible MHC alleles, to increase the fitness of their offspring. Studies of MHC-based mate choice in wild mammals are under-represented currently, and few investigate more than one class of MHC genes. We investigated mate choice based on the compatibility of MHC class I and II genes in a wild population of European badgers (Meles meles). We also investigated mate choice based on microsatellite-derived pairwise relatedness, to attempt to distinguish MHC-specific effects from genomewide effects. We found MHC-assortative mating, based on MHC class II, but not class I genes. Parent pairs had smaller MHC class II DRB amino acid distances and smaller functional distances than expected from random pairings. When we separated the analyses into within-group and neighbouring-group parent pairs, only neighbouring-group pairs showed MHC-assortative mating, due to similarity at MHC class II loci. Our randomizations showed no evidence of genomewide-based inbreeding, based on 35 microsatellite loci; MHC class II similarity was therefore the apparent target of mate choice. We propose that MHC-assortative mate choice may be a local adaptation to endemic pathogens, and this assortative mate choice may have contributed to the low MHC genetic diversity in this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext No Compensatory Relationship between the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Wild-Living European Badgers

Sin YW, Newman C, Dugdale HL, Buesching C, Mannarelli ME, Annavi G, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0163773.
PMID: 27695089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163773

The innate immune system provides the primary vertebrate defence system against pathogen invasion, but it is energetically costly and can have immune pathological effects. A previous study in sticklebacks found that intermediate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity correlated with a lower leukocyte coping capacity (LCC), compared to individuals with fewer, or many, MHC alleles. The organization of the MHC genes in mammals, however, differs to the highly duplicated MHC genes in sticklebacks by having far fewer loci. Using European badgers (Meles meles), we therefore investigated whether innate immune activity, estimated functionally as the ability of an individual's leukocytes to produce a respiratory burst, was influenced by MHC diversity. We also investigated whether LCC was influenced by factors such as age-class, sex, body condition, season, year, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, and intensity of infection with five different pathogens. We found that LCC was not associated with specific MHC haplotypes, MHC alleles, or MHC diversity, indicating that the innate immune system did not compensate for the adaptive immune system even when there were susceptible MHC alleles/haplotypes, or when the MHC diversity was low. We also identified a seasonal and annual variation of LCC. This temporal variation of innate immunity was potentially due to physiological trade-offs or temporal variation in pathogen infections. The innate immunity, estimated as LCC, does not compensate for MHC diversity suggests that the immune system may function differently between vertebrates with different MHC organizations, with implications for the evolution of immune systems in different taxa.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Val66Met) genetic polymorphism with methamphetamine dependence in a Malaysian population

Sim MS, Mohamed Z, Hatim A, Rajagopal VL, Habil MH

Brain Res, 2010 Oct 21;1357:91-6.
PMID: 20736000 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.053

Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that has surged in popularity worldwide in the last decade. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, is widely expressed in the adult mammalian brain and plays an important role in the long-term survival, differentiation, and outgrowth of neurons. Previous studies suggested that the BDNF gene may be involved in the mechanisms underlying substance dependence. This study investigated the association of the BDNF gene Val66Met polymorphism with methamphetamine dependence and with psychosis in a Malaysian population with different ethnicities. The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism was genotyped by PCR-RFLP in 186 male methamphetamine-dependent subjects and in 154 male controls of four different ethnicities, namely, Malay, Chinese, Kadazan-Dusun, and Bajau. Our results showed that the distribution of the BDNF Val66Met genotype in Chinese subjects with methamphetamine dependence (OR=2.6, p=0.015) and methamphetamine psychosis (OR=0.2, p = 0.034) were significant compared with controls. The frequency of the 66Val allele in methamphetamine-dependent subjects was higher than that in the control group, suggesting that the 66Val carriers are more susceptible to methamphetamine dependence. However, 66Val allele frequency in other ethnicities was not significantly different from the controls. The results of the study also showed that in the Chinese methamphetamine-dependent subjects, there was a difference in allele frequency when comparing those who developed psychosis and those who did not. Our findings suggest that the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may contribute to methamphetamine dependence and psychosis in the Chinese population but not in other Malaysian ethnicities.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Allelic variants of acidic proline-rich proteins observed in Japanese, Chinese, and Malays

Shintani M, Minaguchi K, Suzuki K, Lim KA

Biochem Genet, 1990 Apr;28(3-4):173-84.
PMID: 2383244

Three new variants of acidic proline-rich proteins (At, Au, Aw) were found in human parotid saliva by isoelectric focusing and basic gel electrophoresis. Electrophoretic comparison of the purified proteins and their tryptic peptides suggested minor charge and size differences from other acidic PRPs. Genetic and biochemical studies indicate that the At and Aw proteins are allelic products of the PRH1 locus. Gene frequencies of the At productive allele (PRH1(6)) in Japanese, Chinese, and Malays were 0.008, 0.012, and 0.004, respectively. The Au protein was also found in Japanese (2 in 746 samples), Chinese (1 in 215 samples), and Malays (1 in 220 samples), however, the Aw protein was found only in one Japanese (n = 746). These three proteins were not found in 106 Indian subjects.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Fine-scale mapping of 8q24 locus identifies multiple independent risk variants for breast cancer

Shi J, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Michailidou K, Ghoussaini M, Bolla MK, et al.

Int J Cancer, 2016 Sep 15;139(6):1303-1317.
PMID: 27087578 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30150

Previous genome-wide association studies among women of European ancestry identified two independent breast cancer susceptibility loci represented by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs13281615 and rs11780156 at 8q24. A fine-mapping study across 2.06 Mb (chr8:127,561,724-129,624,067, hg19) in 55,540 breast cancer cases and 51,168 controls within the Breast Cancer Association Consortium was conducted. Three additional independent association signals in women of European ancestry, represented by rs35961416 (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93-0.97, conditional p = 5.8 × 10(-6) ), rs7815245 (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.96, conditional p = 1.1 × 10(-6) ) and rs2033101 (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.07, conditional p = 1.1 × 10(-4) ) were found. Integrative analysis using functional genomic data from the Roadmap Epigenomics, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project, the Cancer Genome Atlas and other public resources implied that SNPs rs7815245 in Signal 3, and rs1121948 in Signal 5 (in linkage disequilibrium with rs11780156, r(2) = 0.77), were putatively functional variants for two of the five independent association signals. The results highlighted multiple 8q24 variants associated with breast cancer susceptibility in women of European ancestry.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext Association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sharzehan MAK, Sito H, Abdullah N, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Jamal R, et al.

Sci Rep, 2022 Nov 23;12(1):20149.
PMID: 36418904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24398-w

CYP2E1 encodes an enzyme that participates in the activation of several carcinogenic substances. Thus, numerous studies have investigated the association between CYP2E1 polymorphisms and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but inconclusive results have been obtained. We performed a meta-analysis to precisely evaluate the relationship of CYP2E1 rs2031920, rs3813867, and rs6413432 polymorphisms with the susceptibility to CRC. Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched to identify eligible studies, and the association between the polymorphisms and CRC risk was then quantitatively synthesized using different genetic models. Eighteen studies with 23,598 subjects were selected for inclusion into the analysis. Significant association between rs2031920 and an increased CRC risk was observed in homozygous (OR = 1.496, 95% CI 1.177-1.901, P = 0.001), recessive (OR = 1.467, 95% CI 1.160-1.857, P = 0.001) and allele (OR = 1.162, 95% CI 1.001-1.349, P = 0.048) models. Significant association was not found for rs3813867 and rs6413432 (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggest that rs2031920, but not rs3813867 and rs6413432, is associated with the risk of CRC.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Association between vitamin A, vitamin E and apolipoprotein E status with mild cognitive impairment among elderly people in low-cost residential areas

Shahar S, Lee LK, Rajab N, Lim CL, Harun NA, Noh MF, et al.

Nutr Neurosci, 2013 Jan;16(1):6-12.
PMID: 23321337 DOI: 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000013

The influence of nutritional parameters and genetic susceptibility on poor cognitive impairment has been documented; however, the association between lipid-soluble vitamins with genetic susceptibility on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has not yet been studied extensively.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Molecular genetic variation and structure of Southeast Asian crocodile (Tomistoma schlegelii): Comparative potentials of SSRs versus ISSRs

Shafiei-Astani B, Ong AH, Valdiani A, Tan SG, Yien CY, Ahmady F, et al.

Gene, 2015 Oct 15;571(1):107-16.
PMID: 26112832 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.053

Tomistoma schlegelii, also referred to as the "false gharial", is one of the most exclusive and least known of the world's fresh water crocodilians, limited to Southeast Asia. Indeed, lack of economic value for its skin has led to neglect the biodiversity of the species. The current study aimed to investigate the mentioned case using 40 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs and 45 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers. DNA analysis of 17 T. schlegelii samples using the SSR and ISSR markers resulted in producing a total of 49 and 108 polymorphic bands, respectively. Furthermore, the SSR- and ISSR-based cluster analyses both generated two main clusters. However, the SSR based results were found to be more in line with the geographical distributions of the crocodile samples collected across the country as compared with the ISSR-based results. The observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) of the polymorphic SSRs ranged between 0.588-1 and 0.470-0.891, respectively. The present results suggest that the Malaysian T. schlegelii populations had originated from a core population of crocodiles. In cooperation with the SSR markers, the ISSRs showed high potential for studying the genetic variation of T. schlegelii, and these markers are suitable to be employed in conservation genetic programs of this endangered species. Both SSR- and ISSR-based STRUCTURE analyses suggested that all the individuals of T. schlegelii are genetically similar with each other.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
ABCC2 rs2273697 and rs3740066 polymorphisms and resistance to antiepileptic drugs in Asia Pacific epilepsy cohorts

Sha'ari HM, Haerian BS, Baum L, Saruwatari J, Tan HJ, Rafia MH, et al.

Pharmacogenomics, 2014 Mar;15(4):459-66.
PMID: 24624913 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.239

To examine the relevance of ABCC2 polymorphisms to drug responsiveness in epilepsy cohorts from the Asia Pacific region.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles
Fulltext An efficient clustering algorithm for partitioning Y-short tandem repeats data

Seman A, Bakar ZA, Isa MN

BMC Res Notes, 2012;5:557.
PMID: 23039132 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-557

Y-Short Tandem Repeats (Y-STR) data consist of many similar and almost similar objects. This characteristic of Y-STR data causes two problems with partitioning: non-unique centroids and local minima problems. As a result, the existing partitioning algorithms produce poor clustering results.

Matched MeSH terms: Alleles

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