Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 2886 in total

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  1. Quaternized wood as sorbent for reactive dyes
    Low KS, Lee CK, Tan BF
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2000 Jun;87(3):233-45.
    PMID: 10982232
    Various species of local wood modified with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-trimethylammonium chloride showed sorption enhancement for hydrolyzed Reactive Blue 2 (HRB) compared to the untreated samples. The enthalpy of sorption of HRB on Simpoh (Dillenia suffruticosa) was found to be endothermic. Maximum sorption capacity calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 250.0 mg/g. Under continuous flow conditions HRB could be successfully removed. Dye removal was a function of bed depth and flow rate. However, the bed depth service time model of Bohart and Adams was not applicable in the HRB-quaternized wood system. The modified wood was applied to a sample of industrial textile effluent, and it was found to be able to remove the color successfully under batch conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  2. The wound healing properties of Channa striatus-cetrimide cream-- tensile strength measurement
    Baie SH, Sheikh KA
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2000 Jul;71(1-2):93-100.
    PMID: 10904151
    Channa striatus, a fresh water snakehead fish, is reported to enhance dermal wound healing. Biochemical components such as amino acids and fatty acids are important for the synthesis of collagen fibers during wound healing. Arachidonic acid, a precursor of prostaglandin plays a vital role in healing the wounds. Haruan (C. striatus) contains all the essential amino acids for wound healing particularly glycine as well as high contents of arachidonic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids that can promote prostaglandin synthesis. In the present work we have studied the wound healing effect of C. striatus in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cream formulations having different haruan fish extract concentrations as the active ingredient were prepared and stabilized, and they were applied to the wounds. The healing of wounds was characterized by an increase in the tensile strength of the skin, determined on the 7th post-operative day in each case. Haruan treatment of wounds promotes remodeling of collagen, by the synthesis of inter- and intra-molecular protein crosslinking and thus produces a marked increase (P<0.05) in tensile strength as compared to the cetrimide treated group. On the basis of our experiment we conclude that C. striatus helps in wound healing as indicated by the increase in tensile strength. We hypothesise that this effect may be due to its high content of arachidonic acid, glycine and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The mechanism of wound healing will be investigated in future studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  3. The effect of early age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperatures in female broiler chickens
    Zulkifli I, Che Norma MT, Israf DA, Omar AR
    Poult Sci, 2000 Oct;79(10):1401-7.
    PMID: 11055844
    This study was conducted to determine whether early age feed restriction improves heat tolerance in female broiler chickens. Chicks were brooded for 3 wk and then maintained at 24+/-1 C. On Day 0, chicks were assigned to one of four feeding regimens; each regimen was applied to four cages of chicks. The feeding regimens were 1) ad libitum feeding (ALF); 2) 40% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F40); 3) 60% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F60); and (4) 80% feed restriction at 4, 5, and 6 d of age (F80). From 35 to 41 d of age, all birds were exposed to 38+/-1 C for 2 h/d. Serum concentrations of glucose were elevated by the heat challenge, but were not affected by the feeding regimen. The heat treatment resulted in hypocholesteremia among ALF and F80 chicks, whereas the concentrations increased and remained constant in the F60 and F40 birds, respectively. Subjecting chicks to F60 improved growth and survivability and reduced heterophil to lymphocyte ratios (H/L) in response to the heat treatment as compared with the ALF and F80 regimens. The survivability rate and H/L of F40 chicks were similar to those attained by chicks on other regimens. Newcastle disease antibody titer of ALF birds declined with duration of heat treatment. It is concluded that the F60 regimen is beneficial for alleviating, at least in part, the detrimental effects of heat stress in female broiler chickens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature*
  4. A practical three visit complete denture system
    Ling BC
    Ann R Australas Coll Dent Surg, 2000 Oct;15:66-8.
    PMID: 11709981
    Standard prosthodontic procedures require five visits to construct a set of complete maxillary and mandibular dentures. Various attempts have been made to reduce these procedures to four or three appointments. However, most of these techniques require the use of visible light polymerized resin as the final denture base materials. Visible light-cured resin materials have inferior physical properties and biocompatibility problems as compared with heat cured polymethylmethacrylate. This paper describes a system of complete denture construction which requires three clinical appointments instead of the usual five visits. This system is made possible by using the VLC base/tray material as the preliminary impression material as well as the application of a new biometric wax occlusion rim. It retains the use of polymethylmethacrylate as the denture base material. This system also utilizes all the procedures used in the conventional five appointment system of complete denture construction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  5. Use of palm mid-fraction in dark chocolate as base filling centre at different storage temperatures
    Jinap S, Ali AA, Man YB, Suria AM
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2000 Nov;51(6):489-99.
    PMID: 11271851
    Dark chocolates filled with palm mid-fraction (PMF) were stored at different temperatures to evaluate the physical and chemical changes. Storage at low temperature (18 degrees C) reduces the PMF migration to negligible extent. Higher storage temperatures (30 and 35 degrees C) increased the PMF migration from the filling centre into the chocolate coating. As a consequence of fat migration, fatty acid composition, triglyceride composition, hardness, solid fat content, melting point and polymorphic structure changed, leading to bloom formation, which started by fat migration and was influenced by recrystallization tendency within the chocolate coating.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature/adverse effects*
  6. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese: occupational exposures to particles, formaldehyde and heat
    Armstrong RW, Imrey PB, Lye MS, Armstrong MJ, Yu MC, Sani S
    Int J Epidemiol, 2000 Dec;29(6):991-8.
    PMID: 11101539 DOI: 10.1093/ije/29.6.991
    BACKGROUND: During 1990-1992, 282 Chinese residents of Selangor and the Federal Territory, Malaysia with histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were interviewed about occupational history, diet, alcohol consumption, and tobacco use, as were an equal number of Malaysian Chinese population controls, pair-matched to cases by age and sex.

    METHODS: Exposures to 20 kinds of workplace substances, solar and industrial heat, and cigarette smoke, were analysed by univariate and multivariate methods.

    RESULTS: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma was associated with occupational exposures to construction, metal and wood dusts; motor fuel and oil; paints and varnishes; certain other chemicals; industrial heat; solar heat from outdoor occupations; certain smokes; cigarette smoking; and childhood exposure to parental smoking. After adjustment for risk from diet and cigarette smoke, only wood dust (OR = 2.36; 95% CI : 1.33- 4.19), and industrial heat (OR = 2.21; 95% CI : 1.12-4.33) remained clearly associated. Wood dust remained statistically significant after further adjustment for social class. No significant crude or adjusted association was found between NPC and formaldehyde (adjusted OR = 0.71; 95% CI : 0.34-1.43).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study supports previous findings that some occupational inhalants are risk factors for NPC. The statistical effect of wood dust remained substantial after adjustment for diet, cigarette smoke, and social class. Intense industrial heat emerged as a previously unreported risk factor, statistically significant even after adjustment for diet and cigarette smoke. No association was found between NPC and formaldehyde.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature/adverse effects*
  7. Formulation variables affecting drug release from xanthan gum matrices at laboratory scale and pilot scale
    Billa N, Yuen KH
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2000;1(4):E30.
    PMID: 14727895
    The purpose of this research was to study processing variables at the laboratory and pilot scales that can affect hydration rates of xanthan gum matrices containing diclofenac sodium and the rate of drug release. Tablets from the laboratory scale and pilot scale proceedings were made by wet granulation. Swelling indices of xanthan gum formulations prepared with different amounts of water were measured in water under a magnifying lens. Granules were thermally treated in an oven at 60 degrees C, 70 degrees C, and 80 degrees C to study the effects of elevated temperatures on drug release from xanthan gum matrices. Granules from the pilot scale formulations were bulkier compared to their laboratory scale counterparts, resulting in more porous, softer tablets. Drug release was linear from xanthan gum matrices prepared at the laboratory scale and pilot scales; however, release was faster from the pilot scales. Thermal treatment of the granules did not affect the swelling index and rate of drug release from tablets in both the pilot and laboratory scale proceedings. On the other hand, the release from both proceedings was affected by the amount of water used for granulation and the speed of the impeller during granulation. The data suggest that processing variables that affect the degree of wetness during granulation, such as increase in impeller speed and increase in amount of water used for granulation, also may affect the swelling index of xanthan gum matrices and therefore the rate of drug release.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  8. Fulltext The Thermal Effect Associated With CO2 Laser Gingivecttomy Of Tissues Surrounding Plasma Coated Titanium Implants. A Preliminary Study
    Mahmood, W.A., Watkinson, A.C., Rooney, J.
    Ann Dent, 2000;7(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The CO2 laser has been actively used clinically for soft tissue surgery. The advantages have been widely acknowledged. In implant related tissue surgery, the use .6f CO2 laser has been debated on whether the heat generated during the procedure would be detrimental to the bone thus losing the implants through disosseointegration. In this preliminary work, CO2 laser was used to perform a simulated gingivectomy of tissue surrounding plasma coated titanium implants. The purpose was to observe the pattern of heat generated at different levels of the implant body. The safe power range and standard precaution was also identified. The results suggested that power output between 6 Watt to 8 Watt in repeated pulsed mode with duration of 5 seconds is considered safe. With this mode the operator
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  9. Quaternized wood as sorbent for hexavalent chromium
    Low KS, Lee CK, Lee CY
    Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2001 Jan;90(1):75-87.
    PMID: 11257809
    The potential of quaternized wood (QW) chips in removing hexavalent chromium from synthetic solution and chrome waste under both batch and continuous-flow conditions was investigated. Sorption was found to be dependent on pH, metal concentration, and temperature. QW chips provide higher sorption capacity and wider pH range compared with untreated wood chips. The equilibrium data could be fitted into the Langmuir isotherm model, and maximum sorption capacities were calculated to be 27.03 and 25.77 mg/g in synthetic chromate solution and chrome waste, respectively. The presence of sulfate in high concentration appeared to suppress the uptake of chromium by QW chips. Column studies showed that bed depth influenced the breakthrough time greatly whereas flow rate of influent had little effect on its sorption on the column.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  10. Asynchronous emergence by loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchlings
    Houghton JD, Hays GC
    Naturwissenschaften, 2001 Mar;88(3):133-6.
    PMID: 11402844
    For many decades it has been accepted that marine turtle hatchlings from the same nest generally emerge from the sand together. However, for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting on the Greek Island of Kefalonia, a more asynchronous pattern of emergence has been documented. By placing temperature loggers at the top and bottom of nests laid on Kefalonia during 1998, we examined whether this asynchronous emergence was related to the thermal conditions within nests. Pronounced thermal variation existed not only between, but also within, individual nests. These within-nest temperature differences were related to the patterns of hatchling emergence, with hatchlings from nests displaying large thermal ranges emerging over a longer time-scale than those characterised by more uniform temperatures. In many egg-laying animals, parental care of the offspring may continue while the eggs are incubating and also after they have hatched. Consequently, the importance of the nest site for determining incubation conditions may be reduced since the parents themselves may alter the local environment. By contrast, in marine turtles, parental care ceases once the eggs have been laid and the nest site covered. The positioning of the nest site, in both space and time, may therefore have profound effects for marine turtles by affecting, for example, the survival of the eggs and hatchlings as well as their sex (Janzen and Paukstis 1991). During incubation, sea turtle embryos grow from a few cells at oviposition to a self-sufficient organism at hatching some 50-80 days later (Ackerman 1997). After hatching, the young turtles dig up through the sand and emerge typically en masse at the surface 1-7 nights later, with a number of stragglers following over the next few nights (Christens 1990). This contrasts with the frequently observed pattern of hatching asynchrony in birds. It has been suggested that the cause of mass emergence in turtles is that eggs within a clutch are fertilised within a short period of time and then, when thermal conditions within the nest are uniform, develop at very similar rates and hence hatch and emerge together (Porter 1972). As a corollary of this idea, it would be predicted that when there are pronounced within-nest thermal gradients, development rates of siblings will be different and hence asynchronous hatching and emergence might occur. While it may be energetically beneficial for hatchlings to emerge in a group (Carr and Hirth 1961), if the extent of hatching asynchrony is marked then there may be severe costs for individuals if they wait for all their siblings to hatch before attempting to dig out of the sand (Hays and Speakman 1992). Under such conditions, the protracted emergence of small groups of hatchlings over several nights may be favoured. Examination of the literature suggests that emergence asynchrony may be more widespread than generally considered. For example, Witherington et al. (1990) described loggerhead turtle hatchlings (Caretta caretta) emerging over 4 days in Florida; for green turtles (Chelonia mydas), Hendrickson (1958) documented that nests in Malaysia and Sarawak produced hatchlings for up to 8 days; whilst Diamond (1976) found that hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) nests on Cousin Island, Seychelles, were active for up to 4 days. Similarly, on the Greek Island of Kefalonia, we have shown that emergence from individual loggerhead turtle nests may occur on up to 11 nights (Hays and Speakman 1992). It is logical to suppose that asynchronous emergence relates to thermal gradients within nests, since the incubation duration of sea turtle eggs is related to temperature, with eggs hatching quicker when the temperature is higher. Here we test this hypothesis by measuring thermal variations within loggerhead turtle nests and comparing these variations to the patterns of hatchling emergence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  11. Chemical erosion of the Lilburn Cave system, Kings Canyon National Park, California
    Abu-Jaber N, Hess JW, Howcroft W
    Ground Water, 2001 4 5;39(2):223-9.
    PMID: 11286069
    Multi-year instrumental records for input, throughflow and output waters of the Lilburn Cave system provide control on denudation rates as they respond to seasonal and spatial variability. Data suggest that maximum denudation is in the late fall and early winter. This is when non-snowmelt discharge is at its maximum. At lower discharge rates the volume of water moving through the cave system is the limiting control on the volume of denudation. During periods of snowmelt the limiting control is the rate at which the calcite dissolves. This is probably the result of water flowing through wider channels during these times. Based on instrumental measurements, there is considerable variation in terms of where denudation occurs inside the cave. The loci of dissolution change from year to year. This is to be expected in the dynamic environment of the cave where materials shift routinely. This variability should be studied over longer periods of time in order to more fully understand its extent. The relatively small area of carbonate exposure relative to the area of the drainage basin gives rise to relatively high denudation rates. The carbonate is being removed at a rate of about 5000 metric tons per year, or at about 830 mm/y. This is about five times the rate reported in the humid karst regions of Malaysia. This information indicates that the relative proportion of carbonate in the drainage basin needs to be considered when trying to estimate denudation in other areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  12. Characterization and fat migration of palm kernel stearin as affected by addition of desiccated coconut used as base filling centre in dark chocolate
    Ali A, Selamat J, Man YB, Suria AM
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2001 May;52(3):251-61.
    PMID: 11400474
    The characterization and fat migration of palm kernel stearin (PKS) and desiccated coconut, used as base filling centre in dark chocolate were studied. C36 and C38 triglycerides of PKS decreased by 11% and 9.6% respectively, whereas C32 and C34 increased by 97% and 48% respectively. The change in the triglycerides composition of PKS shift the melting point of PKS from 33.2 to 31.4 degrees C. Solid fat content (SFC) of PK reduced by 40% at 30 degrees C. The rate of fat migration was very slow at 18 degrees C storage compared to 30 degrees C. The rate of change of C36 in the chocolate layer was 0.1% week-1 and 1.2% week-1 at 18 and 30 degrees C respectively. Chocolate stored at 18 degrees C showed post hardening during storage period and withstood bloom during the storage period, whereas that stored at 30 degrees C became soft and bloomed faster after 3 weeks of storage.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  13. Immunochemical characterization of edible bird's nest allergens
    Goh DL, Chua KY, Chew FT, Liang RC, Seow TK, Ou KL, et al.
    J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2001 Jun;107(6):1082-7.
    PMID: 11398089
    BACKGROUND: We have previously described anaphylaxis induced by edible bird's nest (BN) and demonstrated that this condition is IgE mediated.

    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at describing the immunochemical properties of the BN allergens. Comparative studies between 3 commercially available sources (according to the country of origin) of BN were also made.

    METHODS: Crude extracts of commercially available processed BN from Sarawak (Malaysia), Thailand, and Indonesia and fresh unprocessed BN from the caves of Sarawak were obtained by means of aqueous extraction. Specific IgE toward these sources were determined by using fluorescence allergosorbent tests (FASTs). Cross-reactivity studies between the 3 sources of commercially available processed BN were carried out by means of FAST inhibition. Immunochemical characterization by means of IgE immunoblot, periodate treatment, and heat stability studies were carried out on fresh unprocessed BN from Sarawak.

    RESULTS: Serum from allergic patients showed differences in IgE binding to the 3 sources of commercially available BN, with the highest levels of specific IgE recorded with the Sarawak source (P

    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  14. Educational strategies used in increasing fluid intake and enhancing hydration status in field hockey players preparing for competition in a hot and humid environment: a case study
    Dabinett JA, Reid K, James N
    Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 2001 Sep;11(3):334-48.
    PMID: 11591883
    The purpose of the present study was to develop a hydration strategy for use by female English field hockey players at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Malaysia. An additional aim was to initiate the process of acclimation. Fifteen elite players, mean age (+/-SEM) 24.1 +/- 1.19 years, height 1.67 +/- 0.01 m, and body mass 62.8 +/- 1.76 kg, took part in a 5-day training camp immediately prior to departure for the Games. In order to develop the hydration strategy, training took place under similar environmental conditions to those to be experienced in Malaysia (i.e., 32 degrees C, 80% humidity). Acclimation training consisted of 30-50 min of either continuous, low intensity cycling or high intensity intermittent cycling, which more closely replicated the pattern of activity in field hockey. Body mass measures taken each morning, and pre and post training, together with urine color measures, were used to assess hydration status. Pre-loading with up to 1 L of a 3% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution or water immediately prior to acclimation training, as well as regular drinks throughout, ensured that players avoided significant dehydration, with percent body mass changes ranging from -0.34% to +4.24% post training. Furthermore, the protocol used was sufficient to initiate the process of acclimation as demonstrated by a significant reduction in exercising heart rate and core temperature at all time points by days 4 and 5. In conclusion, although labor intensive and time consuming, the camp was successful in developing a hydration strategy that players were able to utilize once at the Games.
    Matched MeSH terms: Body Temperature
  15. Effect of ambient temperature on analytical and clinical performance of a blood glucose monitoring system: Omnitest Sensor glucose meter
    Nawawi H, Sazali BS, Kamaruzaman BH, Yazid TN, Jemain AA, Ismail F, et al.
    Ann. Clin. Biochem., 2001 Nov;38(Pt 6):676-83.
    PMID: 11732650
    The effect of ambient temperature on the analytical and clinical performance of a glucose meter was examined. A total of 114 venous whole blood samples were analysed for glucose by a reference method, and by a glucose meter at 21-22 degrees C, room temperatures, 26-27 degrees C and 33-34 degrees C. Glucose meter readings at each temperature were compared with the reference values and evaluated by analysis of variance, Spearman's correlation, the percentage of glucose meter readings within +/- 10% of the reference value and error grid analysis. Analysis of covariance was used to determine the effect of temperature on glucose meter readings. There were no significant differences in the glucose meter readings and in accuracy of the meter readings between different temperatures. Temperature was not a significant independent determinant of the glucose meter readings. For each glucose concentration, the precision of the meter and clinical performance were comparable between the different temperatures. In conclusion, ambient temperature does not affect the accuracy, precision and clinical performance of the Omnitest Sensor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  16. Energy expenditure in relation to activity of lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus)
    Darlis, Abdullah N, Liang JB, Purwanto B, Ho YW
    Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 2001 Nov;130(4):751-7.
    PMID: 11691611
    Heat production (HP) of male and female mouse deer during eating, standing and sitting was determined using the open circuit respiration chamber (RC). The time taken for similar activities was also determined in an outdoor enclosure (OD). The animals were fed kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and rabbit pellet ad libitum. Male mouse deer consumed more dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and gross energy (GE) than female. The time for each activity of male and female mouse deer kept in RC and OD was similar. The average time spent in RC and OD for both male and female, respectively, for sitting (956 and 896 min/day) was significantly (P<0.01) longer than standing (463 and 520 min/day) and eating (21 and 24 min/day). Heat production for male and female mouse deer, respectively, during eating was the highest (0.44 and 0.43 kJ/kg W(0.75)/min) followed by standing (0.37 and 0.33 kJ/kgW(0.75)/min) and sitting (0.26 and 0.26 kJ/kg W(0.75)/min). The difference in HP per min during standing between male and female was significant (P<0.05). The HP for 08.00-14.00 h and 14.00-20.00 h periods were higher than 20.00-02.00 h and 02.00-08.00 h periods. The overall HP for males during 08.00-14.00 h and 14.00-20.00 h periods were significantly (P<0.05) higher (114.8 and 119.2 kJ/kg W(0.75)) than female (107.5 and 110.4 kJ/kg W(0.75)), respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  17. The 143 and 300 K polymorphs of hexamethylenetetraminium 2,4-dinitrophenolate monohydrate
    Usman A, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2001 Dec;57(Pt 12):1443-6.
    PMID: 11740112
    The title compound, 3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane 2,4-dinitrophenolate monohydrate, C6H13N4+*C6H3N2O5-*H2O, the 1:1 hydrate adduct of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) and 2,4-dinitrophenol, undergoes a temperature phase transition. In the room-temperature phase, the adduct crystallizes in the monoclinic P2(1)/m space group, whereas in the low-temperature phase, the adduct crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group. This phase transition is reversible, with the transition temperature at 273 K, and the phase transition is governed by hydrogen bonds and weak interactions. In both these temperature-dependent polymorphs, the crystal structure is alternately layered with sheets of hexamethylenetetramine and sheets of dinitrophenol stacked along the c axis. The hexamethylenetetramine and dinitrophenol moieties are linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The water molecule in the adduct plays an important role, forming O-H...O hydrogen bonds which, together with C-H...O hydrogen bonds, bridge the adducts into molecular ribbons. Extra hydrogen bonds and weak interactions exist for the low-temperature polymorph and these interconnect the molecular ribbons into a three-dimensional packing structure. Also in these two temperature-dependent polymorphs, dinitrophenol acts as a hydrogen-bond acceptor and HMT acts as a hydrogen-bond donor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cold Temperature; Temperature; Transition Temperature
  18. The use of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide for color removal of textile wastewater
    Hussein MZ, Zainal Z, Yaziz I, Beng TC
    J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2001;36(4):565-73.
    PMID: 11413839
    Layered double hydroxide of Mg-Al-carbonate system (MACH) was prepared and its heat-treated product (MACHT) was obtained by calcination at 500 degrees C. The resulting materials were used as an adsorbent for removal of color from synthetic textile wastewater (STW) and textile wastewater (TWW). Batch kinetic study showed that these materials are an efficient adsorbent for textile dye. The maximum adsorption capacities between 16 to 32 mg of dyes per g of adsorbent was obtained by fitting the adsorption data to the Langmuir adsorption Isotherm. It was found that the adsorption capacity of MACHT is higher than MACH.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
  19. Physical characteristics of modified milkfat in high-melting fat preparation
    Nor Hayati I, Aminah A, Mamot S, Nor Aini I, Noor Lida HM
    Int J Food Sci Nutr, 2002 Jan;53(1):43-54.
    PMID: 11820096
    Anhydrous milkfat (AMF) was fractionated to obtain a series of high-melting milkfat fractions (HMF). Solid fat content (SFC) of HMF as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was in the range 37.6-43.6% and 21.2-27.5% measured at 20 and 30 degrees C, respectively. The HMF have a higher melting characteristic compared to AMF as analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with melting enthalpies of 92.2-105.0 J/g and melting peak temperatures of 39.3-41.5 degrees C. The AMF was also blended with soft palm stearin (SPOs and/or hard palm stearin (HPOs)) according to a three conventional component mixture design which providing suitable formulations for HMF. This represented three selected blends of AMF:SPOs:HPOs at three different proportions (70:15:15, 60:30:10 and 50:45:5), having SFC and DSC melting characteristics of HMF. The study revealed that higher-melting characteristics of AMF could be achieved equally well by using both fractionation and blending techniques.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hot Temperature
  20. Barium(II)-2,4-dinitrophenolate-18-crown-6 at 183 K
    Usman A, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK
    Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jan;58(Pt 1):m45-7.
    PMID: 11781470
    The title compound, bis(2,4-dinitrophenolato-kappa2O,O')(1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxadecane-kappa6O)barium(II), [Ba(C6H3N2O5)2(C12H24O6)], is a 1:1 complex of barium(II)-2,4-dinitrophenolate and 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6). Its structure is located on a crystallographic inversion centre. The temperature dependence of the crystal structure has been studied. The monoclinic beta angle of the P2(1)/n space group increases with increasing temperature. The packing structure of the complex is stabilized by intermolecular C-H...O interactions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Temperature
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