Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 1500 in total

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  1. Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Ruban J, Goh R, Chin YH, Kong G, et al.
    Circ Cardiovasc Imaging, 2023 May;16(5):e015159.
    PMID: 37192298 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.015159
    BACKGROUND: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has garnered attention as a prognostic and risk stratification factor for cardiovascular disease. This study, via meta-analyses, evaluates the associations between EAT and cardiovascular outcomes stratified across imaging modalities, ethnic groups, and study protocols.

    METHODS: Medline and Embase databases were searched without date restriction on May 2022 for articles that examined EAT and cardiovascular outcomes. The inclusion criteria were (1) studies measuring EAT of adult patients at baseline and (2) reporting follow-up data on study outcomes of interest. The primary study outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary study outcomes included cardiac death, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, and atrial fibrillation.

    RESULTS: Twenty-nine articles published between 2012 and 2022, comprising 19 709 patients, were included in our analysis. Increased EAT thickness and volume were associated with higher risks of cardiac death (odds ratio, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.17-5.44]; P=0.020; n=4), myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 2.63 [95% CI, 1.39-4.96]; P=0.003; n=5), coronary revascularization (odds ratio, 2.99 [95% CI, 1.64-5.44]; P<0.001; n=5), and atrial fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio, 4.04 [95% CI, 3.06-5.32]; P<0.001; n=3). For 1 unit increment in the continuous measure of EAT, computed tomography volumetric quantification (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.42-2.13]; P<0.001) and echocardiographic thickness quantification (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.09-1.32]; P<0.001) conferred an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.

    CONCLUSIONS: The utility of EAT as an imaging biomarker for predicting and prognosticating cardiovascular disease is promising, with increased EAT thickness and volume being identified as independent predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events.

    REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero; Unique identifier: CRD42022338075.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
  2. Shamim S, Awan MJ, Mohd Zain A, Naseem U, Mohammed MA, Garcia-Zapirain B
    J Healthc Eng, 2022;2022:6566982.
    PMID: 35422980 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6566982
    The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a terrible impact on human lives globally, with far-reaching consequences for the health and well-being of many people around the world. Statistically, 305.9 million people worldwide tested positive for COVID-19, and 5.48 million people died due to COVID-19 up to 10 January 2022. CT scans can be used as an alternative to time-consuming RT-PCR testing for COVID-19. This research work proposes a segmentation approach to identifying ground glass opacity or ROI in CT images developed by coronavirus, with a modified structure of the Unet model having been used to classify the region of interest at the pixel level. The problem with segmentation is that the GGO often appears indistinguishable from a healthy lung in the initial stages of COVID-19, and so, to cope with this, the increased set of weights in contracting and expanding the Unet path and an improved convolutional module is added in order to establish the connection between the encoder and decoder pipeline. This has a major capacity to segment the GGO in the case of COVID-19, with the proposed model being referred to as "convUnet." The experiment was performed on the Medseg1 dataset, and the addition of a set of weights at each layer of the model and modification in the connected module in Unet led to an improvement in overall segmentation results. The quantitative results obtained using accuracy, recall, precision, dice-coefficient, F1score, and IOU were 93.29%, 93.01%, 93.67%, 92.46%, 93.34%, 86.96%, respectively, which is better than that obtained using Unet and other state-of-the-art models. Therefore, this segmentation approach proved to be more accurate, fast, and reliable in helping doctors to diagnose COVID-19 quickly and efficiently.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
  3. Thomas AR, Soe HHK, Silva CS, Kaur H, Ganendrah LD, Gomez LM
    Am J Dent, 2023 Oct;36(5):246-250.
    PMID: 37865812
    PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy and reliability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and laser scanner in measuring minor volume changes such as the root canal space.

    METHODS: 35 maxillary incisors were endodontically prepared. A dimensionally stable silicone material was injected into the root canal space and scanned with CBCT. The root canal volume was measured using Romexis 3.0.1 R software. Replicas were carefully removed from the teeth and scanned using an extraoral laser scanner. These images were exported to the Rhinoceros software for volume measurement. The volume of each replica was also assessed using the gravimetric method. To determine the accuracy, the volume obtained from both devices was compared with the gravimetric method. Statistical analysis was done using a paired t-test. The reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient.

    RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean volume of CBCT 27.04 ± 7.25 mm³ and the mean volume of the gravimetric method 27.87 ± 7.17 mm³ (P< 0.05). A statistically significant difference was seen with the laser scanner at 25.31 ± 6.89 mm³ and the gravimetric method at 27.87 ± 7.17 mm³ (P< 0.05). CBCT showed a good degree of agreement (ICC 0.899), while the laser scanner showed a moderate degree of agreement (ICC 0.644) with the gravimetric method. CBCT proved accurate and reliable in measuring minor volumes like the root canal space, ideally in the range of 20-25 mm³. The laser scanner presented acceptable reliability.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The laboratory data showed satisfactory outcomes, providing an evidence-based approach and potentially motivating clinicians to integrate cone-beam computed tomography for volume analysis into clinical practice. The accuracy and reliability of laser scanners for small-volume analysis have not previously been evaluated. Consequently, the findings from this study warrant further clinical investigations.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography*
  4. Mohd Rohani MF, Bujang NL, Rosdi AH, Amir Hassan SZ
    Clin Nucl Med, 2024 Jan 01;49(1):e19-e21.
    PMID: 37883221 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000004941
    Superscan on PET/CT has been reported in the literature and mainly involved metastatic diseases. We report an uncommon case of a metabolic superscan on 18 F-FDG PET/CT in a 56-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis who presented with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid scintigraphy showed 2 lesions posteroinferior to both thyroid lobes, suggestive of parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia. FDG PET/CT performed to assess for pulmonary nodules revealed diffuse FDG hypermetabolism involving the visualized skull, mandible, spine, sternum, ribs, and appendicular skeleton without corresponding CT lesion with no urinary radiotracer excretion, consistent with metabolic superscan secondary to renal osteodystrophy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
  5. Alzu'bi D, Abdullah M, Hmeidi I, AlAzab R, Gharaibeh M, El-Heis M, et al.
    J Healthc Eng, 2022;2022:3861161.
    PMID: 37323471 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3861161
    Kidney tumor (KT) is one of the diseases that have affected our society and is the seventh most common tumor in both men and women worldwide. The early detection of KT has significant benefits in reducing death rates, producing preventive measures that reduce effects, and overcoming the tumor. Compared to the tedious and time-consuming traditional diagnosis, automatic detection algorithms of deep learning (DL) can save diagnosis time, improve test accuracy, reduce costs, and reduce the radiologist's workload. In this paper, we present detection models for diagnosing the presence of KTs in computed tomography (CT) scans. Toward detecting and classifying KT, we proposed 2D-CNN models; three models are concerning KT detection such as a 2D convolutional neural network with six layers (CNN-6), a ResNet50 with 50 layers, and a VGG16 with 16 layers. The last model is for KT classification as a 2D convolutional neural network with four layers (CNN-4). In addition, a novel dataset from the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) has been collected that consists of 8,400 images of 120 adult patients who have performed CT scans for suspected kidney masses. The dataset was divided into 80% for the training set and 20% for the testing set. The accuracy results for the detection models of 2D CNN-6 and ResNet50 reached 97%, 96%, and 60%, respectively. At the same time, the accuracy results for the classification model of the 2D CNN-4 reached 92%. Our novel models achieved promising results; they enhance the diagnosis of patient conditions with high accuracy, reducing radiologist's workload and providing them with a tool that can automatically assess the condition of the kidneys, reducing the risk of misdiagnosis. Furthermore, increasing the quality of healthcare service and early detection can change the disease's track and preserve the patient's life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
  6. Chan K, Ghani DAM, Teoh J, Brodie A, Gan C, Foley C, et al.
    Urol Oncol, 2024 Dec;42(12):421-428.
    PMID: 39299895 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.08.019
    Conventionally, transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-Bx) was the main technique used for the diagnosis of prostate cancer since it was first described in 1989 [1]. However, the PROMIS trial showed that this random, nontargeted approach could miss up to 18% of clinically significant cancer (csPCa) [2]. Furthermore, risk of sepsis post TRUS-Bx can be as high as 2.4% [3]. Understanding the demerits of TR-biopsy have led to the introduction of transperineal prostate biopsy (TP-Bx). The incorporation of mpMRI revolutionized prostate cancer diagnostics, allowing visualization of areas likely to harbor csPCa whilst permitting some men to avoid an immediate biopsy. Furthermore, the advent of prostate specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography (PSMA-PET) is highly promising, because of its role in primary diagnosis of prostate cancer and its higher diagnostic accuracy over conventional imaging in detecting nodal and metastatic lesions. Our narrative review provides an overview on prostate biopsy techniques and an update on prostate imaging, with particular focus on PSMA-PET.
    Matched MeSH terms: Positron-Emission Tomography/methods
  7. Shahila T, Rushdan MN
    Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):353-8.
    PMID: 22299557 MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of PET/CT in diagnosing and evaluating patients with suspected gynaecological tumour recurrence and persistent disease following treatment. This cross-sectional study involving 26 patients with gynaecological malignancies was carried out at Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah between 2006 and 2008. The standard imaging modalities disclosed possible tumour recurrence or persistent disease in 24 of the 26 patients (92.3%). Two patients with negative CT were subjected to PET/CT due to persistently elevated serum tumour markers. PET/CT confirmed tumour recurrence in 9 (34.6%) patients and was inconclusive in 2 (7.7%) patients. No abnormal uptake was observed in 15 (57.7%) patients. Of the 9 patients with positive PET/CT, 7 (77.8%) had a repeat PET/CT and 2 (22.2%) had a CT following subsequent treatment which confirmed no further evidence of disease. Patients with negative or inconclusive PET/CT were either continued with routine follow-up or had a close monitoring by either CT or serum tumour markers. With the availability of PET/CT, almost two-third of patients did not have to undergo unnecessary chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Integrated PET/CT imaging offers beneficial effects in both diagnosing and evaluating suspected tumour recurrence and persistent disease in gynaecological malignancies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed*; Positron-Emission Tomography*
  8. Nordin AJ, Rossetti C, Rahim NA
    Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging, 2009 May;36(5):882.
    PMID: 19296106 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-009-1107-z
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods*
  9. Kua Ch, Abdul Aziz Y
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2008 Oct;4(4):e24.
    PMID: 21611013 DOI: 10.2349/biij.4.4.e24
    Presence of air in the kidney can be problematic as the location of the air in different parts of the kidney greatly affects the subsequent management and outcome of the patient. We present here a case of a patient who had emphysematous pyelitis, in which CT scan was able to display presence of air only in the collecting system, thus differentiating this condition from the more fulminant emphysematous pyelonephritis. This leads to a more favourable prognosis and outcome to the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  10. Amalourde A, Vinayaga P, Naveed N, Jamal A, Looi LM, Sengupta S
    Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:60-2.
    PMID: 15941166 MyJurnal
    Although all types of tumour and tumour-like conditions have been described to occur in the clavicle, they only contribute to less then 0.5% of all skeletal tumours. The incidence of primary chondrosarcoma of the clavicle is extremely rare. To our knowledge it has not been reported in Malaysia. We would like to highlight the possibility of chondrosarcoma as a differential diagnosis for a clavicular lesion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  11. Sreetharan SS, Prepageran N, Singh S
    Asian J Surg, 2005 Apr;28(2):136-8.
    PMID: 15851369
    Oesophageal penetration and migration of foreign bodies are fairly rare occurrences. Most reported cases in the literature involve fish bones, which are eventually found in the lateral neck soft tissue or thyroid lobule. We present a case of a migrating fish bone in an elderly female which was found embedded in her right sternocleidomastoid muscle. The fish bone was successfully removed via neck exploration. Appropriate literature is reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  12. Majid AA
    Aust N Z J Surg, 1992 Jan;62(1):74-6.
    PMID: 1731742
    Although the diagnosis of thymolipoma has improved with the introduction of computerized tomography (CT), variations in CT appearance are still being described; this paper describes a case which resembled a lipoma. The CT features of thymolipoma are discussed with special reference to the differential diagnosis. Surgical excision should be considered for patients who are found to exhibit a fatty intrathoracic mass on CT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  13. Pit S, Chea FK, Jamal F
    Postgrad Med J, 1988 Feb;64(748):140-2.
    PMID: 3174527
    Central nervous system involvement in melioidosis is rare. We describe a 48 year old woman who developed septicaemia and a brain abscess due to Pseudomonas pseudomallei. Since there is a continuing practical problem in bacteriological confirmation of the aetiological agent, diagnosis of melioidosis has to be made on clinical suspicion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  14. Cheah FKC
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Sep;42(3):204-6.
    PMID: 3506646
    A successful excision of a giant cerebral mycotic anuerysm in a young girl with endocarditis is presented. The clinical pictures can be confused with a cerebral abscess. C.T. Scan and angiography are essential in the diagnosis. Rupture of the aneurysm is associated with high mortality and morbidity which can be averted by prompt neurosurgical treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  15. Glew SS, Sivanesaratnam V
    Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1989 Nov;29(4):450-1.
    PMID: 2631682
    Two cases of late second trimester extrauterine pregnancy are presented--intraabdominal pregnancy in one and an ampullary pregnancy in another. In the former the diagnosis was made only after attempts at induction of labour for fetal death with prostaglandins failed and in the latter only at laparotomy. The diagnostic and surgical problems encountered are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  16. Fitreena A.A., Shahidah C.A., Mohd. Nizam M.H., Wan Zainira W.Z., Wong, M.P.K.
    MyJurnal
    Hernia is a common surgical problem. However, worldwide
    incidence of obturator hernia is
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  17. Khoo ACH, Yeoh KW
    Clin Nucl Med, 2019 Oct;44(10):808-809.
    PMID: 31348083 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000002739
    Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence of 0.1 to 2.4 per 1,000,000 person-years. Metastatic EMPD has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of approximately 7%. Local therapy is the only curative option with surgery being recommended for resectable disease. It is therefore crucial to be able to stage such patients appropriately. The utility of F-FDG PET/CT for this disease is not well established. We share a case on how F-FDG PET/CT was used to stage metastatic EMPD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography*
  18. Liam CK
    Respirology, 2020 08;25(8):784-786.
    PMID: 31805607 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13750
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  19. Usmani S, Rasheed R, Al Kandari F
    J Nucl Med Technol, 2020 Jun;48(2):181-183.
    PMID: 32111663 DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.119.235986
    Textitis is a new term used to refer to the degenerative-strain osteoarthritis that comes from excessive use of a smart phone. 18F-NaF is increasingly used in diagnosing skeletal pain that is not identified on radiographs. We report a case of a 26-y-old woman with left breast cancer referred for 18F-NaF PET/CT, who was complaining of right thumb and wrist pain. Findings were negative for bone secondaries. Dedicated hands views were acquired on a positron emission mammography scanner and showed focal uptake at the first carpometacarpal and second metacarpophalangeal joints. On the basis of the strong history, the findings were likely due to active arthritic changes caused by repetitive strain injury from excessive text messaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/instrumentation*
  20. Sridharan R, Engle MP, Garg N, Wei W, Amini B
    Skeletal Radiol, 2017 Apr;46(4):533-538.
    PMID: 28161721 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-017-2587-8
    OBJECTIVE: To determine if focal increased uptake at the rotator interval (RI) and/or inferior capsule (IC) on18F-FDG PET/CT ("positive PET") predicts the presence of adhesive capsulitis (AC).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three populations were retrospectively examined. Group 1 included 1,137 consecutive18F-FDG PET/CT studies and was used to determine the prevalence of focal uptake at the RI or IC. Group 2 included 361 cases from a 10-year period with18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI of shoulder performed within 45 days of each other and was used to enrich the study group. Group 3 included 109 randomly selected patients from the same time frame as groups 1 and 2 and was used to generate the control group. The study group consisted of 15 cases from the three groups, which had positive PET findings. PET/CT images were assessed in consensus by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The reference standard for a diagnosis of AC was clinical and was made by review of the medical record by a pain medicine physician.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of focal activity at either the RI or IC ("positive PET") was 0.53%. Nine patients had a clinical diagnosis of AC and 15 patients had a positive PET. The sensitivity and specificity of PET for detection of AC was 56% and 87%, respectively. PET/CT had a positive likelihood ratio for AC of 6.3 (95% CI: 2.8-14.6).

    CONCLUSIONS: Increased uptake at the RI or IC on PET/CT confers a moderate increase in the likelihood of AC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography/methods*
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