Proliferasi tumor filodes tertumpu terutama pada bahagian stroma yang dianggap sebagai komponen neoplastik bagi tumor filodes. Reseptor Estrogen (ER) yang memainkan peranan dalam payudara neoplastik juga terlibat dalam perkembangan tumor filodes. ERβ adalah satu jenis klon ER yang dilaporkan hadir pada stroma tumor payudara manakala pengekspresan aktin otot licin (SMA) di stroma dapat membandingkan gred histologi tumor filodes. Kami membandingkan pengekspresan ERβ dengan SMA pada komponen stroma tumor filodes menggunakan teknik tisu mikroarai (TMA). TMA dibentuk ke atas 77 kes tumor filodes (46 benigna, 17 pinggiran dan 14 malignan) menggunakan jarum berdiameter 0.6 mm (Alphelys Plaisir, Perancis) dan pewarnaan imunohistokimia dijalankan menggunakan penanda molekul ERβ dan SMA. Tumor filodes kerap hadir pada wanita berusia lebih daripada 40 tahun dengan tumor filodes benigna menunjukkan median umur pesakit paling rendah (p=0.017). Ekspresi ERβ dalam komponen stroma meningkat dengan gred histologi tumor. Sementara SMA menunjukkan ekspresi pada 62.8, 41.2 dan 57.1%, masing-masing bagi tumor filodes benigna, pinggiran dan malignan. Kedua-dua ERβ (p=0.024) dan SMA lebih cenderung hadir pada wanita ≥40 tahun. Kajian menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara ko-pengekspresan ERβ dan SMA (p=0.047) dan 65.5% daripadanya adalah wanita berumur lebih daripada 40 tahun. Ekspresi SMA yang tinggi pada stroma tumor filodes benigna mungkin menunjukkan potensi proliferasi tumor ini untuk menjadi malignan. Ekspresi tinggi ERβ dengan tumor filodes malignan dan hubungannya dengan SMA mencadangkan ko-pengekspresan kedua-dua penanda molekul ini mungkin berperanan dalam tumorigenesis stroma tumor filodes.
In general, demand feeding devices are equipped with a mechanical trigger switch. Such a switch is not suitable for
juvenile fish with a small body size, because the body weight is insufficient to trigger the feeder. An infrared light
sensor that does not require the fish to push a feeder switch is more suitable for small fish. The brown-marbled grouper
Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is an important fish species in Southeast Asia. The purpose of this study was to compare the
growth rates (GRs) of brown-marbled grouper juveniles reared using customised demand feeding devices with an infrared
light sensor (the infrared light demand feeder (IRDF) group) and automatic feeding devices (the automatic feeder (AF)
group). The results indicated that GRs of standard lengths and body weights showed no significant differences using
one-way analysis of variance; however, the standard length of the IRDF group showed a tendency of a higher GR than
the AF group. Although the feed conversion ratio (FCR) also showed no significant difference, the FCR of the IRDF group
was more efficient, indicating that the IRDF group yielded a more desirable FCR. These results indicate that IRDF can be
used in the culture of brown-marbled grouper juveniles. In view of the working schedule of the fish farm staff, IRDF are
superior to other feeding devices, because they are less labour-intensive than usual tasks. We conclude that IRDF is a
useful feeding system for aquaculture.
The aimed of the present study was to evaluate the liposomal formulation regarding its hydrophobicity. The evaluation studies were done based on the amphiphilic nature of the phospholipid liposomes. This paper highlights the importance of such type of lipid based carriers by encapsulation hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug models. Crystal violet and Nile red were used to represent hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties before moving to pharmaceutical implications. The formulated liposomes were compared for their hydrophobicity using percent encapsulation efficiencies. The purpose of this formulation was to mimic the red blood cells. The average particle size of 120±25.1 and zeta potential of -10.2±1.4 were in good agreement with reported characteristics of the red blood cells. Per cent encapsulation efficiency for crystal violet was more obvious with a value of 68.1 as compared to 36.5% for Nile red. The prepared liposomes were quite stable for a period of one month. Our findings reflect the fate of our system more suitable for hydrophilic drugs under the given set of formulation parameters.
In order to explore the response of the soil microbial community to 1,2-dichlorobenzene exposure in Wetland soil, a short-term (7 weeks) mesocosm study was conducted at four 1,2-dichlorobenzene concentrations of (100, 400 and 800) μg g -1. Dry soil, sterile and unsterile controls were also compared. The results obtained showed a significant effect of 1,2-dichlorobenzene on the development of bacterial populations in soils contaminated with different concentrations of 1,2-dichlorobenzene at the early time after application. In general, however, the number of populations of the same soil sample treated with the same concentration of 1,2-dichlorobenzene differed significantly with the increasing incubation time within the early 5 weeks. The scale of differences in banding patterns-showed that the microbial community structures of 1,2-dichlorobenzene-treated and non-1,2-dichlorobenzene-treated soils were not significantly different after 7 weeks of incubation. DNA in application-responsive bands from the 1,2-dichlorobenzene treatments was recovered and amplified using the universal primers. PCR products were recovered and cloned into pGEM-T Easy (Promega) and two clones were obtained. The two clones were sequenced using the automated Model 3730 DNA sequencing system. The two cloned sequences had very high similarities to an uncultured bacterium reported previously in the database of NCBI.
Lung atelectasis caused by shallow breathing patterns is common after cardiac, thoracic and upper abdominal surgeries.
A common method used to address this problem is to encourage patients to perform breathing exercises using incentive
spirometers in the postoperative period. However, to be effective, this procedure must be repeated regularly so that
adequate lung volumes can be maintained to prevent atelectasis. Current models of single-use, low-cost incentive
spirometers do not have features that can track and store data on breathing exercises. This makes it difficult to monitor
patients’ breathing exercises effectively. We present here a device designed to be interfaced with the Spiro-ball incentive
spirometer and programmed to monitor the incentive spirometry performance. Laboratory based validation performed
indicate that there were no significant differences between the value obtained from the device and manual reading;
p-value > 0.05 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 3.882. The device was able to retrieve and display pertinent data
on incentive spirometry performance. It was also able to correctly track and register random sets of inspiration data
through different dates and timelines. Being a separate entity which is reusable, it does not add to the cost of the singleuse
incentive spirometer
In this paper, the problem of free convection boundary layer flow on a horizontal circular cylinder in a nanofluid with viscous dissipation and constant wall temperature is investigated. The transformed boundary layer equations are solved numerically using finite difference scheme namely the Keller-box method. Numerical solutions were obtained for the reduced skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number as well as the velocity and temperature profiles.The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for various values of the Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis number and Eckert number were analyzed and discussed.
The air pollution index (API) has been recognized as one of the important air quality indicators used to record the
correlation between air pollution and human health. The API information can help government agencies, policy makers
and individuals to prepare precautionary measures in order to eliminate the impact of air pollution episodes. This study
aimed to verify the monthly API trends at three different stations in Malaysia; industrial, residential and sub-urban areas.
The data collected between the year 2000 and 2009 was analyzed based on time series forecasting. Both classical and
modern methods namely seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and fuzzy time series (FTS) were
employed. The model developed was scrutinized by means of statistical performance of root mean square error (RMSE).
The results showed a good performance of SARIMA in two urban stations with 16% and 19.6% which was more satisfactory
compared to FTS; however, FTS performed better in suburban station with 25.9% which was more pleasing compared
to SARIMA methods. This result proved that classical method is compatible with the advanced forecasting techniques in
providing better forecasting accuracy. Both classical and modern methods have the ability to investigate and forecast
the API trends in which can be considered as an effective decision-making process in air quality policy.
Suatu kajian untuk menilai kesan gabungan aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim terhadap kualiti sumber air telah dijalankan di Terusan Utara, Kedah. Kajian ini dijalankan di lima stesen terpilih selama 12 bulan berdasarkan Indeks Kualiti Air (WQI) dan Piawaian Interim Kualiti Air Kebangsaan (INWQS). Kajian mendapati kualiti air di Terusan Utara berada pada Kelas III dan berlaku peningkatan kualiti air dari hulu ke hilir. Hampir semua stesen berpotensi sebagai punca pencemaran berdasarkan aktiviti guna tanah terutamanya di Pelubang, Jitra serta Tunjang. Kajian menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan ketika perubahan musim pada DO, TSS serta BOD, namun tidak pada ammonia, pH dan COD. Secara amnya, kombinasi aktiviti guna tanah dan perubahan musim boleh mempengaruhi atau memberi kesan terhadap kualiti sumber air. Oleh itu, tindakan segera perlu dilakukan untuk mengawal punca pencemaran bagi memastikan kualiti sumber air di Terusan Utara kekal terpelihara.
The two new symmetrical bis-thiourea compounds, 2,2’-[{(terephthaloylbis(azanediyl)bis (carbonothioyl)bis(azanediyl)}
bis(4-methylpentanoicacid)] 1A and 2,2’-[{(isophthaloylbis (azanediyl)bis(carbonothioyl)bis(azanediyl)}bis(4-
methylpentanoic acid)] 1B have been synthesized by reacting terephthaloyl/isophthaloyl chloride and L-leucine in high
yields. Newly synthesized bis-thiourea derivatives were characterized using FTIR, 1D NMR, 2D NMR, MS spectrometry and
Elemental analysis. Their binding properties with various cations were also carried out using UV-vis titration experiments.
Both isomers exhibited effective binding against Ag+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ in the presence of other cations,
such as Na+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sn2+, and Al3+. Stoichiometries of the host-guest complexation for both
isomers were found to be 1:4 by plotting molar-ratio curves. Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient was in the
range of 0.83-0.99 and nonlinear regression equation was used to calculate dissociation constant (Kd
). Both compounds
displayed weak antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. Cytotoxicity testing on CCD841
Normal human colon epithelial cell line showed that both compounds are non-toxic, with an IC50 value of 1.50 mg/mL.
Mangan oksida (MnO2
) poros nano yang mempunyai morfologi lapisan nipis telah disintesis dan diaplikasikan sebagai
penjerap pewarna sintetik komersial (remazol merah, eriokrom hitam dan metilena biru). Permukaan bahan silika
alumina yang telah diubah suai dengan 3-aminopropiltrietoksisilana (APTES) digunakan dalam proses sonokimia pada
suhu bilik dengan kehadiran 0.1 M kalium permanganat (KMnO4
) untuk menghasilkan komposit silika alumina-MnO2
.
Penyingkiran templat dijalankan untuk mendapatkan MnO2
tulen bersaiz nano. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan kehadiran
getaran MnO2
dalam julat 400 - 600 cm-1 dan corak XRD menunjukkan kehadiran birnesit jenis MnO2
. Isoterma jerapnyahjerap
N2
menunjukkan MnO2
tulen memiliki liang yang bersifat mesoporos iaitu 34.8 Å (± 0.4), manakala luas
permukaan MnO2
ialah 252.8 m2
/g. Penjerap MnO2
lapisan nipis yang diperoleh menunjukkan kebolehan menjerap
pewarna eriokrom hitam dan metilena biru masing-masingnya sehingga 54% dan 99% serta kapasiti penjerapan masingmasing
ialah 0.0024 dan 0.0077 mmol/g. Kedua-dua isoterma penjerapan eriokrom hitam dan metilena biru oleh MnO2
masing-masing menepati ciri-ciri Langmuir dan Temkin. Sementara itu data kinetik penjerapan eriokrom hitam dan
metilena biru kedua-duanya memenuhi tertib pertama pseudo.
The production of wheat crop is below average in many regions of the world which is ascribed to adverse environmental
conditions including drought stress. The present study was conducted to appraise the beneficial role of exogenouslyapplied
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on growth, yield and some key physio-biochemical characteristics of two commercially
important wheat cultivars (Shafaq-06 and Uqab-2000) under well watered [100% field capacity (FC)] and water-deficit
(60 and 80% FC) conditions. Imposition of varying water regimes significantly decreased fresh and dry weights of shoots,
photosynthetic pigments (a and b), non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ), quenching coefficient
for non-photochemical (N) of chlorophyll fluorescence (qN), K+ (potassium ion), Ca2+ (calcium ion) and P (phosphorus)
accumulation in shoot and root and yield-related attributes. In contrast, water deficit regimes caused improvement in
Fv/Fm (chlorophyll fluorescence measurement), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP), proline, glycinebetaine
(GB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents. Foliar spray of ALA at the rate of 50, 100 and 150 mg/Lalong with control
(no spray (NS) and/or water spray (WS)) significantly enhanced chlorophyll a and b pigments, qN, NPQ, qP, K+, Ca2+
and P accumulation in both roots and shoots, proline, GB, total phenolics and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents and
yield. The wheat Shafaq-06 was better in shoot dry weight, qN, NPQ and Fv/Fm, shoot and root K+, root Ca2+, proline,
GB accumulation and yield attributes, while Uqab-2000 was better in chlorophyll a contents, root P and MDA contents.
Overall, better growth and yield of Shafaq-06 than Uqab-2000 under water deficit regimes was found to be associated
with ALA improved leaf fluorescence (qN, NPQ and Fv/Fm), shoot and root K+, root Ca2+, proline and GB accumulation.
Forest structure, diversity and above-ground biomass assessment are important to understand the structural and floristic
dynamics of a mangrove forest ecosystem. Our study provides valuable comparative analysis between two areas of
disturbed mangroves at Kisap Forest Reserve, Langkawi Island. The two study sites were swamp forest at C5 which was
disrupted by harvesting activities for charcoal production and C7 was disturbed by lightning strikes. A total of 1,217
and 390 trees measuring 1 cm diameter and above were enumerated in 0.25 ha plots at both sites. Seven mangrove plant
species in C5 and eight in C7 were recorded. Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora apiculata were the most prominent species
in the C5 and C7, respectively, whereby the Rhizophoraceae was the densest family at both sites. The major contributor
of total basal area at C5 and C7 were C. tagal (5.02 m2
/ha) and R. apiculata (11.14 m2
/ha). Similarly, C. tagal (22.41 t/
ha) and R. apiculata (111.75 t/ha) also contributed the highest biomass in C5 and C7, respectively. Diversity and species
richness were higher at C7 H’=1.22; R’=1.17 compared to C5 H’= 0.76; R’=0.85 and low evenness at both sites. High
similarity was indicated between the two sites by 93%. The distribution of individuals in C7 was homogenous than that
of C5, which had more saplings. In conclusion, anthropogenic activities resulted in lower productivity of forest compared
to natural disturbances.
Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (Chitosan/PVA) blended film was prepared by direct blend process and solution casting methods.
In order to reduce the swelling ratio and enhance the chemical and mechanical stability, Chitosan/PVA film was crosslinked
with glutaraldehyde in order to produce Chitosan-g-PVA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein
to incorporate into the Chitosan-g-PVA. The chemical structure and morphological characteristics of films were studied
by FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical and physical properties of blended films such as tensile
properties in the dry and wet states, water uptake and water contact angle measurement were characterized. Blending
PVA and chitosan improved strength and flexibility of the films. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde further improves the
tensile strength and decrease the hydrophilicity of films. BSA immobilized on the Chitosan-g-PVA film was calculated as
BSA encapsulation efficiency.
Three-dimensional imaging has improved the method of analysis in many forensic science investigations. The study aimed to derive regression equation for age estimation by investigating the relationship between chronological age and surface area of the developing mandibular 3rd molars apices. Furthermore, other predictor variables: ethnicity (Malay and Chinese), gender and status of the root development completion (open/closed apices) were also investigated in terms of fit to the age estimation model. One hundred and twenty eight training and 55 validation samples of intact mandibular 3rd molars were selected from 183 CBCT scans. The samples comprised of 93 Malays and 90 Chinese, ranging in age from 13 to 24 years. Three-dimensional image modeling and surface area analysis of the developing mandibular 3rd molars apices were performed using Mimics and 3-Matics software. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to derive age estimation model using chronological age as a dependent variable and surface area of the apices, ethnicity, gender and status of the root development completion (open/closed apices) as predictor variables. A strong inverse correlation (r = 0.95, SD = 1.144) was observed between chronological age and all the predictor variables. The results showed that 89.6% of the variation in age can be explained by the predictor variables. Mean absolute error (MAE) value of 0.8223 was observed when the derived regression equation was tested on the independent validation sample. In conclusion, three-dimensional surface area analysis of the developing mandibular 3rd molars apices can be used as a reliable method for age estimation.
Aliphatic glucosinolate is an important secondary metabolite responsible in plant defense mechanism and carcinogenic
activity. It plays a crucial role in plant adaptation towards changes in the environment such as salinity and drought.
However, in many plant genomes, there are thousands of genes encoding proteins still with putative functions and
incomplete annotations. Therefore, the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana was selected to be investigated further to identify
any putative genes that are potentially involved in the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway, most of its gene are
with incomplete annotation. Known genes for aliphatic glucosinolates were retrieved from KEGG and AraCyc databases.
Three co-expression databases i.e., ATTED-II, GeneMANIA and STRING were used to perform the co-expression network
analysis. The integrated co-expression network was then being clustered, annotated and visualized using Cytoscape plugin,
MCODE and ClueGO. Then, the regulatory network of A. thaliana from AtRegNet was mapped onto the co-expression
network to build the transcriptional regulatory network. This study showed that a total of 506 genes were co-expressed
with the 61 aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis genes. Five transcription factors have been predicted to be involved
in the biosynthetic pathway of aliphatic glucosinolate, namely SEPALLATA 3 (SEP3), PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR
3-like 5 (AtbHLH15/PIL5), ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), AGAMOUS-like 15 (AGL15) and GLABRA 3 (GL3). Meanwhile,
three other genes with high potential to be involved in the aliphatic glucosinolates biosynthetic pathway were identified,
i.e., methylthioalkylmalate-like synthase 4 (MAML-4) and aspartate aminotransferase (ASP1 and ASP4). These findings
can be used to complete the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway in A. thaliana and to update the information
on the glucosinolate-related pathways in public metabolic databases.
A comparative analysis of metabolites from different parts of Curcuma aeruginosa, i.e. leaves, stems, adventitious
roots and rhizomes was performed by GC-MS/MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. The GC-MS/MS analysis
confirmed the occurrence of 26 metabolites belonged to terpenoids in almost all the samples. The Principal Component
Analysis (PCA) indicated that there was a clear distinction between rhizomes and other plant parts, i.e. stems, leaves,
and adventitious roots that could be explained by relatively higher contents of terpenoids including curzerene, alphafarnesen, furanocoumarin, velleral, germacrone cineole, borneol, beta- and gamma- elemene and methenolone. The
results of Hierarchical Clustering Analyses (HCA) corresponded with the PCA results where many terpenoids found
abundantly high in rhizome were clustered together. This was supported by the Pearson correlation analysis that
showed a significantly good relationship between those terpenoids. The adventitious roots demonstrated the strongest
antioxidant activity as compared to the other plant parts which could be attributed to its highest Total Phenolic
Contents (TPC). Total phenolic contents of all the plant parts were positively correlated with their antioxidant activities
which indicate that phenolic compounds may play a role in the overall antioxidant activities of the plants. The results
of the study highlighted the potential of this underexploited Curcuma species which could serve as a new source of
important phytochemicals and natural antioxidant that could be incorporated in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
In addition, chemical and biological evidence shown in the present work has rationalised the different uses of various
plant parts of C. aeruginosa.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) predominantly manifests in older population above the age of 60 years old. The incidence
of CAD in younger individuals has been reported and is called premature CAD (pCAD). The prevalence for pCAD in
individuals below 45 years old is about 3-10% worldwide. Advances in risk prediction are of great importance as
absolute values of risk factors sometimes correlate poorly with individuals. The measurement of traditional risk factors
such as cholesterol level and blood pressure might be inadequate to predict risk for pCAD and therefore new biomarkers
are required. The introduction of omics technology offers insight into the mechanism and interactions involved during
disease progression and open the possibilities of discovering new biomarkers. Currently, new potential biomarkers for
pCAD have been explored such as homocysteine, apolipoproteins, microRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms. In
this review, we discussed the associated risk factors for pCAD, several reported and newly proposed biomarkers and
their potential to be used clinically.
Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ nanophosphors have been successfully synthesized using microwave irradiation and γ-irradiation methods with polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a stabilizer. The physical and luminescence spectra were compared. The morphologies of both Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ nanophosphors were in the hexagonal phase and mainly consisted of spherical nanostructures with diameters of ~90 nm and ~50 nm for both microwave irradiation and γ-irradiation methods. Upon 325 nm of ultraviolet (UV) light excitation, strong red emissions (626 nm) were observed for both methods; these emissions corresponded to the 5 D0 →7 F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. However, Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ nanophosphors following microwave treatment showed better luminescence intensity than Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ nanophosphors treated with γ-irradiation. This difference was attributed to the crystallinity phase and surface quenching effects of Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ nanophosphors. The reaction mechanisms of Gd2 O2 S:Eu3+ nanophosphors in both methods are discussed in detail.
Three benzimidazolium salts (III-V) and respective selenium adducts (VI-VIII) were designed, synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques (FT-IR and NMR 1H, 13C). Selected salts and respective selenium N-Heterocyclic carbenes (selenium-NHC) adducts were tested in vitro against Cervical Cancer Cell line (Hela), Breast Adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7), Retinal Ganglion Cell line (RGC-5) and Mouse Melanoma Cell line (B16F10) using MTT assay and the results were compared with standard drug 5-Fluorouracil. Se-NHC compounds and azolium salts showed significant anticancer potential. Molecular docking studies of compounds (VI, VII and VIII) showed strong binding energies and ligand affinity toward following angiogenic factors: VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), EGF (human epidermal growth factor), HIF (Hypoxia-inducible factor) and COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) suggesting that the anticancer activity of adducts (VI, VII and VIII) may be due to their strong anti-angiogenic effect. In addition, compounds III-VIII were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal potential. Adduct VI was found to be potent anti-fungal agent against A. Niger with zone of inhibition (ZI) value 27.01 ± 0.251 mm which is better than standard drug Clotrimazole tested in parallel.
Cisplatin is amongst the most potent chemotherapeutic drugs with applications in more than 50% of cancer treatments, but dose-dependent side effects limit its usefulness. Berberis vulgaris L. (B. vulgaris) has a proven role in several therapeutic applications in the traditional medicinal system. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify berberine, a potent alkaloid in the methanolic root extract of B. vulgaris (BvRE). Berberine chloride in BvRE was found to be 10.29% w/w. To assess the prophylactic and curative protective effects of BvRE on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and hyperlipidemia, in vivo toxicity trials were carried out on 25 healthy male albino Wistar rats (130-180 g). Both prophylactic and curative trials included a single dose of cisplatin (4 mg/kg, i.p.) and nine doses of BvRE (500 mg/kg/day, orally). An array of marked toxicity effects appeared in response to cisplatin dosage evident by morphological condition, biochemical analysis of serum (urea, creatinine, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride), and organ tissue homogenates (malondialdehyde and catalase). Statistically-significant (p < 0.05) variations were observed in various parameters. Moreover, histological studies of liver and kidney tissues revealed that the protective effect of BvRE effectively minimized and reversed nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, and hyperlipidemic effects caused by cisplatin in both prophylactic and curative groups with relatively promising ameliorative effects in the prophylactic regimen. The in vitro cell viability effect of cisplatin, BvRE, and their combination was determined on HeLa cells using the tetrazolium (MTT) assay. MTT clearly corroborated that HeLa cells appeared to be less sensitive to cisplatin and berberine individually, while the combination of both at the same concentrations resulted in growth inhibition of HeLa cells in a remarkable synergistic way. The present study validated the use of BvRE as a protective agent in combination therapy with cisplatin.