LINUS is a program implemented by the Ministryof Education Malaysia (MOE) in Primary schools through out Malaysia. LINUS is an acronym for Literacy and Numeracy Screening which aims to increase the level of basic literacy and numeracy Among Level One (Year 1) pupils. The purpose of this studyi stoe xamine the teacher's teaching practices of LINUS-Literacy in Bahasa Malaysia. Based on the Theory of Behaviorism and Theory of Jean Piaget, LINUS teachers need tobe Innovative by utilizing techniques that match the LINUS pupils' ability in order to help The low ability pupils in mastering basic literacy skills. Data collection in this study Includes questionnaire, document analysis and observation; this researchuses Qualitative approach. The results of this study are expected to provide in put to Teachers who are teaching LINUS-Literacy in Bahasa Malaysia.
The multiple ownership status of the Malay Reservation Land (MRL) has existed since its
establishment by the British colonialist through the Malay Reserves Enactment 1913. The main factor
of the multiple ownership status was due to the continuous process of land inheritance from generation
to next. This situation has given negative implications in the development of the land. This article
discusses the issue of developing the multiple ownership of Malay Reserve Land. Data collection is
conducted by semi-structured interview to the Perak Tengah District Officer and a number of
landowners involved in MRL’s multiple ownership. The qualitative data analysis shows that the
multiple ownership of the MRL can trigger social relationship problems among land co-owners and
subsequently create problems to develop them. It is proposed that co-owners be more tolerant and
willing to develop their land in joint venture scheme or develop individually through the process of
land partition. In order to resolve the difficulty of obtaining financing, landowners must ensure that the
development project is competitive and implemented within the local development zone.
The existence of the gap between the expectation of culinary students and the realities of the job
market has led the students to face the obstacles to entering or continuing their career in the same
industry. As such, entrepreneurship is one of the best approaches in educating culinary students to
prepare for any possible after graduation. However, there are no guidelines for determining and
measuring the entrepreneurial level of culinary students. Therefore, this research aims to identify the
elements of entrepreneurship in culinary. The results of this research is a culinary entrepreneurial
framework. Side of this research is to build a measurement instrument of culinary entrepreneurship
level and to produce culinary entrepreneurship profiles for culinary students. This research uses
qualitative method in the first phase through document analysis and interviews with graduates and
culinary entrepreneurs. At the end of the study, it will acquire a culinary entrepreneurial framework
that is also used to produce an entrepreneurship measurement instrument in the second phase of
research.
Understanding undergraduates’ environmental behaviour is important as they will be the leaders of the
country in the near future. They play an important role in protecting and conserving the environment.
This paper investigates the undergraduates’ behaviours towards the environment after completing the
Environment Economics course. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) together with some other factors
such as academic performance, government regulations and perceived importance of nature are
employed. Multiple regression analysis shows undergraduates’ behaviours is positively affected by
attitude and perceived importance of nature, and negatively influenced by government regulations.
Although academic performance is very important to provide an understanding of basic principles of
environmental sustainability, it however does not significantly influence their environmental
behaviour. The finding hopes to assist the policy makers to plan future strategies so that the
undergraduates behaviours can make a difference to nature and the environment.
This study evaluates the level of music performance anxiety (MPA) using the Kenny Music
Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). Participants are tertiary students from Malaysian
universities (Universiti Teknologi MARA UiTM, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris UPSI and
ASWARA). The objective of the study was to measure the level of MPA by Kenny Music
Performance Anxiety Inventory (K-MPAI). The survey was distributed to 316 randomly selected
respondents representing semester one to semester five (UiTM), semester one to semester six (UPSI)
and semester one to semester seven (ASWARA) participants. The data were analysed using SPSS
version 22 software to obtain frequencies and percentages. The KMPAI (Cronbach’s a .882) was
reliable and valid for this sample. Normality test, reliability test and frequencies for demographic was
demonstrated by significant positive effect to measure the level of MPA. These results support the use
of this instrument as a screening tool for MPA in young musicians.
Teaching method is an essential element in stimulating the interest in students subsequently their
achievement in a subject, especially for the subject of History that is, for a long time, considered as a
boring subject. The objective of this study is to identify the method of preference for pre-university
students, particularly those who take the History subject and the reasons that motivate the students to
be interested in the method. This study uses a qualitative design that combines the two main methods
of interviewing and observation. The sampling was intended to be used in this study. The sample of the
study consisted of four students who took the History subject at the Malaysian High School Certificate
(STPM) level in the district of Kota Kinabalu. The findings of this study can be seen from the main
theme of the study which is the method that interest the students and the justification of selection of the
method among them. Overall, the findings show that there exist diversity of methods that students are
interested in, namely the presentation method, questionnaire session, Gallery Walk and debate. Furthermore, being able to inculcate new skills, increasing motivation, interest and improving students’
achievement are the justifications given by students to the selection of methods among students. As
such, teachers play an important role in selecting the teaching methods that are appropriate to the needs
of students throughout the teaching and learning process to ensure the objective of teaching and
learning can be achieved.
The return of ex-prisoners who were released from prison into an environment filled with fellow
friends could lead to negative influences such as drug addiction and crime repetition among former
prisoners. This paper has been derived from a doctorate study studying the repeatition of crimes that
occurred among former prisoners in Malaysia. The findings of the study have found that former
prisoners often return to their fellow members due to family absence. This study has been used
qualitative methods by interviewing 16 ex-prisoners identified through the technique of snowball
sampling. The finding revealed that all these former prisoners from different state were concentrated
around the Chow Kit road. Addiction, as a result of invitation process by friends. This situation are
make the study to proven relationship between the influence of friends and drug abused among the
former prisoners.
High-performance leaders are clearly stated as a wish in the 5 PPPM Shift 2013 -2025 which ensures
high-performance leadership is placed in each school that refers to the principal and headmaster of
excellence. High-performing leaders are recognized to drive the achievement of students towards
excellence due to their ability to ensure the civilization and positive school environment, clear
direction, close collaboration, high commitment, staff improvement program and good external
relation. Recognizing the importance of high-performing leaders in creating more Cluster School of
Excellence (SKK), the criteria, leadership training and leader development process are highlighted as
well as describing the study gap based on the development of high-performing leadership. The criteria
of high-performing leaders include leaders’ practices, preliminary factors, and leaders’ future direction.
Next, leadership training such as NPQEL is closely linked to the Continum Leadership Development.
Leadership development is based on leadership phase before starting career, while being a teacher, before becoming headmaster, while being headmaster, while being SKK headmaster, and future phase.
Discussions on these aspects have led to the findings of the study’s gap on matters in the development
phases of SKK’s headmaster as well as in the conceptual framework that have a profound impact on
high-performance leaders.
This concept paper discusses instructional leadership of administrator, school effectiveness and
organizational culture in inner rural of Sarawak. Instructional leadership is the most reliable in
education field. Leadership could directly impact the performance of the organization. In the context
of this study, the organization is a Government-owned school. Thus the effectiveness of a school are
influenced leadership practiced by administrators and civilization rooted in the school. Instructional
leadership is given a priority in development plan Education 2013-2025 in five shifts to accommodate
high-impact leaders in school. Education also did not miss in National Transformation 2020-2050 that
is access to high quality education. Instructional leadership refers to the practice of administrator in
giving guidance to teachers and students to improve and enhance the performance of the self and the
school as a whole, whether in the areas of curriculum and co-curriculum. This performance will lead to school effectiveness from two major areas of the successfulness of students aspiration. However, there
are other factors that play a role in performance improvements, that is the influence of organization
culture formed under the leadership of the administrator.
This paper describes the influence of workload and motivation towards work efficiency of secondary
school teachers in Sabah. Teacher’s work load refers to the official duties or responsibilities that the
school has given to the teacher to be implemented whether inside or outside of the classroom.
Teachers’ work load can be divided into two that is the academic and non-academic duties. Teacher
motivation is an inducement in the teacher in performing the task assigned to them. Teacher’s
motivation is divided into two, namely intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. The efficiency of
teacher work performance refers to the way the teacher performing the tasks and responsibilities given
using various methods. Teacher’s workload will be influencing teacher’s motivation. Motivation of
teachers affected by the teacher’s workload will further influencing the teacher’s work efficiency,
Dictionary production is one of the most effective methods of preserving languages and cultures. The
Dusunic Family of Languages (DFL) in Sabah, Malaysia would have welcomed the efforts to
document their languages through dictionary production as there are still lacking of dictionary,
vocabulary and phrase books. Furthermore, more than half of the languages in DFL are unwritten.
However, making dictionary conventionally is tedious and time consuming. The Dusunic Family of
Languages which are facing extinction threats do not have the luxury of time to wait for dictionary
production via the conventional method. Hence, this study explores the use of a method called Root-
Oriented Words Generation (ROWG) which is formulated based on spelling orthography of DFL to
generate one and two-syllable words list. From the words list, root words registers were compiled
which can then be used as database for dictionary production. Findings of this study showed that
ROWG was able to generate an exhaustive word lists of DFL and compile a large volume of root
words register in DFL. Hence, this study was able to highlight the feasibility and viability of using
ROWG to produce root words register of DFL which could possibly reduce the time for dictionary
production significantly. In future studies, it is recommended that the ROWG is extended to include
more than two syllable words. This study showed the potentiality of ROWG to address the looming
demise of DFL by providing a more efficient way of compiling root words for the purpose of making a
dictionary.
Arabic language is an elective subject that is compulsory for religious-oriented students. One way to
master the language by practicing self-regulated learning that can prevent passive behavior among
students. However, it may be difficult to practice it if the school has less suitable facilities, equipment
and environment. In Malaysia, there are several types of schools that require Arabic language. In this
study, self-regulated learning will be compared based on three types of secondary schools namely
National Secondary School (SMK), National Religious Secondary School (SMKA) and State Religious
Secondary School (SMAN). The quantitative approach was used and the Motivated Strategies for
Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) as an instrument of this study. The data were collected from 542 form
four religious-oriented students in the three types of schools and processed through ANOVA analysis.
Overall, there was no significant difference in students’ self regulated learning and also one of it dimensions; self-regulation according to the type of school, however, the cognitive strategies use
dimension are significantly different. Therefore, stakeholders should pay attention to the provision of
facilities, equipment and environment that can stimulate self-regulated learning among students to
improve Arabic language performance.
The study investigates the vocabulary learning strategies (VLS) used by Mengubah Destini Anak
Bangsa (MDAB) pre-diploma students at the Machang Campus of Universiti Teknologi MARA
Kelantan (UiTMCK). For this purpose, a Vocabulary Learning Strategies Questionnaire (VLSQ) based
on Schmitt’s (1997) Vocabulary Learning Strategies Taxonomy was administered to 76 MDAB prediploma
students. The findings revealed that the students were medium users of VLS who used
metacognitive strategies most frequently and cognitive strategies least frequently. The findings also
revealed that there was no significant difference in the use of VLS among the male and female
students. However, the results of Independent Samples T-test in the use of individual items for all VLS
categories revealed significant difference in the mean scores of several strategies.
Online shopping has been preferred over the conventional shopping methods as the results of hectic
lifestyles nowadays. It is a convenient way to get groceries without having to queue at the counters.
The objective of this research is to study the online shopping practices and the factors that affect it.
Apart from that, it is also to identify the difference in online shopping behaviour among selected
background factors (sex, social status, generation, ethnic, household income, education level and zone).
The populations of this research include consumers of 17 years old and above whose chosen by
convenience through mall intercept method. T-test result shows there is significant difference (t=-
3.156, p=0.001) for online shopping practice between men and women. Meanwhile, based on ANOVA result, it shows that there is significant difference between mean scores of different generation [F(3,
1298)= 3.475, p = 0.016], ethnics [F(4, 1291)= 3.678, p = 0.006] and household income [F (4, 1227)=
6.935, p = 0.000]. However, there is no significant difference among mean scores for education level,
zones and stratum (p>0.05). Apart from that, the result also indicates that only five factors taken into
consideration before a particular customer does the online shopping which are safety, products offered,
risk, trustworthy and customers experience. Thus, the sellers should approach their customers in
different ways in order to meet the demand, hence expanding their bussiness.
One of the hardest challenges in marriage are how to face negative thoughts that arised from difficult
situations such as feeling inferior, abandoned, mistrust, and excessive jealousy. From the Cognitive-
Behavioral perspective, these feelings are being exacerbated by unhealthy individual thought patterns
originating from society and family upbringing. This article discusses the unhealthy thought patterns
that are common in marriage, and strategies in changing these thought patterns by using healthy
templates of Islamic thought patterns.
This research discusses about the integration of muhasabah concept and scaling question
technique. The integration is made based on the integrative model combining Western and
Islamic approaches. For Islamic approach, the concept of muhasabah is explained. Muhasabah
is one of the concepts introduced in Al-Ghazali’s Tazkiyyah Annafs approach. Muhasabah in
this research is a process of self-evaluation that leads to client’s actions. Two opinions about
muhasabah is reviewed in this research; which are the opinions of Ibnu Qayyim and Al-
Ghazali. From the Western approach, the technique of scaling question is elaborated. Scaling
question technique is one of the questioning techniques in Solution Focused Brief Therapy
(SFBT). This technique explains about the importance of measuring method using numbers in
the process of self-evaluation that leads to change. Next, the integration between muhasabah
concept and scaling question technique are examined.
The number of relapsing addicts is increasingly worrying from year to year. This study was conducted
to examine at the relationship between defense mechanisms and the level of readiness to change in
relapsing addicts. Although the drug addicts have been treated at the treatment center, however,
repeated cases of drug addicts still occur. Six research questions were developed to see how far the
variables consisting of defense mechanisms could correlate with readiness to change among addicts
who were undergoing treatment. This study was carried out involving 125 addicts in two separate
treatment centers in Melaka and Selangor. The selected sample were addicts who have undergone a
relapse phase at least once in drug addiction. Statistical data analysis using Statistical Packages for
Social Sciences 20 (SPSS-20) were used to analyze the data. Statistical descriptive is used to view the
results of demographic data constructed. T-test and ANOVA are used to see the relationship between
the variables. The regression analysis is used to predict the defense mechanisms with the stage of
readiness to change among relapsing addicts. The results showed that the defense mechanism had a
significant relationship to the stage of readiness to change among samples. The results of this study
provide information on treatment services in the drug rehabilitation to improve the treatment method
appropriately to the drug addicts in preventing relapse.
Workers who experience job dissatisfaction tend to lose their joy and happiness in their work that leads to low motivation, performance, commitment and eventually results in leaving their job. This brings long term negative effects to the organization and provides opportunity for rivalry. Hence, a study on the practice of healthy and positive organizational climate need to be carried out to increase the level of the teachers' job satisfaction to enhance the performance of the organization. Recent studies in organizational climate which involve four dimensions namely collegial leadership, professional teacher behaviour, achievement press and institutional vulnerability portrays the potential in influencing the teachers' job satisfaction. This study delves into the influence of these four dimensions in organizational climate towards the teachers' job satisfaction in the aspects of promotion, pay, supervision, working procedures and co-workers. This study is based on the Organizational Climate Description Questionnaire (OCDQ) by Hoy, Smith and Sweetland (2002) to measure the organization climate and the combination of two instruments of questionnaire to measure job satisfaction which are Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) by Spector (1985) and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) by Weiss, Dais, England and Lofquist (1967). Quantitative analysis is done using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 24 towards 50 academic teachers in the Form Six centres. The findings show that organization climate in particular has a significant influence towards job satisfaction among the academic teachers in the Form Six Centres. The mean scores of job satisfaction and the organizational climate were at a moderate level, but job satisfaction based on teaching experience is at a high level, and there was no significant differences between gender.
The awareness of the Muslim community on the importance of understanding breastfeeding according
to Islamic perspective needs to be emphasized in promoting the implementation of breastfeeding in the
best way. This proved that breast milk is the major food after birth and a mother should know the right
and the regulation of breastfeeding in order to be in line with Islamic law. This article aims to discuss
the level of awareness among the Muslim community in Selangor regarding breast milk donation. Data
were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 400 respondents involving three locations in
Selangor, namely in the northern zone (Hulu Selangor district), central zone (Klang district) and
southern zone (Sepang district). The findings showed that the respondents had a moderate level of
awareness regarding milk donation laws with average mean value of 3.26. This finding shows that the
Muslim community in Selangor are concerned about the rights and the regulation of breastfeeding.
Human resource development comprises skills, abilities, creativity and talent are amongst factors in
human capital as well as emulous aspect. Hence, the emphasis on human capital development and
emulous aspect is important to become a good leader for family, community and country. It is also
important in ensuring entrepreneurs can compete in market economy today and they are able to meet
customer demand. Thus, the objectives are the emphasis on the factors that are able to contribute in
improving human capital and emulous of women. This is because, the right factor will enable the government to carry out in accordance with the factors that have been identified. In obtaining the
factors contribute to human capital development, the survey method was conducted on 145 respondents
among Bumiputera women entrepreneurs in Melaka state and supported with qualitative data from 10
informants. The findings through exploratory factor analysis found that there are four main factors that
contribute to human capital development among Bumiputera women entrepreneurs which are
education and training, experience, social support and creativity, while three main factors that
contribute to emulous among Bumiputera women entrepreneurs are financial assistance, facilities and
infrastructure and commitment. Thus, the government is advised to emphasize on education and
training as well as financial assistance to improve their abilities on human capital and emulous that is
appropriate to support the women entrepreneurs need to increase their performance.