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Fulltext Thyroid disorders and psychiatric morbidities

Sapini Y, Rokiah P, Nor Zuraida Z

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;18(2):1-9.
MyJurnal

The functional behavior of the thyroid is fundamental in most diseases and represents the basis for diagnosis and therapy. The status can be euthyroidism, hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. The psychiatric manifestation varies in different thyroid status. Those with hypothyroidism were described to have depression, psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. Meanwhile, those with hyperthyroidism were found to have psychosis, aggression, anxiety as well as cognitive impairment.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
Fulltext Knowledge On Writing A Good Scientific Paper

Low, W.Y.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;18(2):1-5.
MyJurnal

Research publication is an essential part of scientific research process. Writing is a means of communication of scientific work, a means to disseminate the research findings to the public and also to their peers. A scientific paper is a written and published report describing original research results. Getting a paper published in a well-respected peer-reviewed journal is an important goal for any researcher. It is an indication of research success. There are many reasons why people write and this ranged from pure altruism to pleasure to intellectual pursuits to contribute to the scientific knowledge, to improve patient care and to benefit the community and mankind. Reasons to write vary from one individual to another individual. Writing can be difficult and it is seen as a chore, such as, fulfilling a minimum requirement of an organization to get a job, a job confirmation or a promotion, and career development.

Matched MeSH terms: Peer Review
Fulltext Lactose tolerance and intolerance in Malaysians

Barling PM

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

This review explores the digestibility of lactose by Malaysians, and the value of milk and other milk-derived products as sources of appropriate nutrition for Malaysians. Increased calcium intake through consumption of milk is an effective mechanism for increasing calcium uptake from the diet and thereby minimising the risk of development of osteoporosis in later life. Detailed information about rates of lactose intolerance, and adaptation to dietary lactose and its consequences for Malaysians, will help in the formulation of dietary advice, and improve commerial food manufaturing practice and Government policy
directed to the minimization of rates of osteoporosis, which presents a substantial morbidity risk to elderly female Asians in particular.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
Calcium supplementation to decrease the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a review

Manju K

Family Physician, 1994;6:6-8.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is a major cause of fetal and maternal morbidity. Epidemiologic observations have shown an inverse association between calcium intake and incidence of eclampsia. Calcium supplementation has been reported to decrease blood pressure in pregnant women, although this remains controversial. The mechanism responsible for the effect of calcium on hypertinsion in pregnant women is unknown. This paper is a review of some of the recent calcium supplementation trials that have been carried out and their effectiveness in reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreasing the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
Temporomandibular joint disorders: a review for physicians

Khoo SP

Family Physician, 1994;6:2-5.

Temporomandibular disorders are the commonest orofacila pain. Many of them present themselves to the primary care physician. A fundamental familiarity with this disorder is essential for proper diagnosis and management.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
The in vitro hippocampal slice technique as a tool for studying the central nervous system

El-Sabban F, Zariah A, Murgan V

JUMMEC, 2000;5:17-23.

The use of brain slice preparatiotis has become ilicreasiligly popular among scientists of different disciplines in recent decades for the study of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) in general and of synaptic phenomena in particular. The in vitro hippocampal slice may be the single most used preparation, among other slices of different parts of the brain areas. The use of brain slices in different experimental work offers certain advantages over the in vivo approaches to the study of the CNS; however, such preparations may have some limitations. This review describes the hippocampal slice technique, explores some of the different types of studies in which it was employed and points out the advantages and limitations of its use. KEYWORDS: Hippocalnpal slices, brain slices, technique, synaptic function, electrophysiology, in vitvo.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
The role of nutritional support in acute pancreatitis: a review and proposal of a clinical pathway for management

Ramanujam TM

JUMMEC, 1999;4:81-87.

The aim of this review is to critically analyse the available literature and to propose a rational, safe and cost-effective clinical pathway to provide nutritional support in acute pancreatitis. This pathway is proposed based on assessment of peer reviewed literature and existing generally accepted knowledge. Acute pancreatitis is a heterogeneous disease and the outcome is variable. The role of nutritional support is controversial. Acute mild pancreatitis (80%) usually does not require nutritional support unless the pre-existing nutritional is poor or complications occur. Contrary to this acute severe pancreatitis is associated with severe catabolism and a high complication rate. Nutritional depletion rapidly occurs. It is logical to support the nutrition once the patient is haemodynamically stable. Although enteral nutrition should be administered whenever feasible, it is not always possible or advisable. Aggressive, hypercaloric parenteral nutrition administered via central venous line is not recommended. A combination of initial peripheral parenteral nutrition with fat in appropriate amount, and gradually switching over to enteral feedings is safer and cost-effective. It also avoids central line associated sepsis. The roles of newer specific therapeutic diets to enhance the immune status in patients with acute pancreatitis are not well established. KEYWORDS: Acute pancreatitis, Enteral nutrition, Parenteral nutrition, Immunonutrition.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
Rapid urease test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection

Rosaida MS, Goh KL

JUMMEC, 2000;5:11-16.

Many tests are available for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Broadly they can be divided into invasive- endoscopy biopsy based tests and non-invasive tests. Of the endoscopy biopsy based tests the rapid urease tests (RUT) have been found to be the most convenient, accurate and inexpensive tests and they have therefore been recommended by several consensus panels and working parties as the test of choice during endoscopy. Several RUTS are available; some are commercial: CLO test, Pyloritek, Helicobacter urease test, H. yylori test and others- "homemade". We strongly recommend the "homemade" 1 min rapid urease test using an unbuffered solution as originally described by Arvind et al. This test has been shown to be easy to prepare, inexpensive and accurate on field-testing. Several factors affect the accuracy of the RUT. The larger the size of biopsy samples, the quicker is the postive reaction time. With the CLO test, warming the tests to 37'C has also been shown to hasten the reaction time. The effect of blood on the RUT poses an important problem in testing. It is vitally important to determine the H. yylori status in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers as the recurrence of bleeding has been shown to be markedly reduced or virtually abolished with H. yylori eradication. While the results of studies have not been entirely consistent, it is likely that presence of blood does reduce the sensitivity of the RUT. It is therefore sensible that in patients with bleeding ulcers, the RUT should not be the sole endoscopy biopsy test used and that samples should also be taken for histological examination.

Matched MeSH terms: Review
Fulltext Research landscape on 3D printing applications in healthcare within Southeast Asian countries: a systematic scoping review protocol

Mohd Noor MN, Leow ML, Lai WH, Hon YK, Tiong LL, Chern PM

BMJ Open, 2022 Dec 13;12(12):e065546.
PMID: 36523224 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065546

INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional (3D) printing plays a significant role as a promising technological advancement in modern healthcare settings. 3D printing has been incorporated by many sectors worldwide including in Southeast Asian countries. However, there is a paucity of research, especially in the healthcare pertaining to 3D printing activity in the Southeast Asian region. Thus, a scoping review is conducted to gain insight into 3D printing healthcare research landscape in the Southeast Asian region.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The methodology draws on Arksey and O'Malley's seminal framework for the scoping review. The literature search will be conducted by using keywords to find suitable published literature. The existing literature will be searched using selected electronic databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, ProQuest and Web of Science from the years 2011 and 2021. The selected publications will focus on 10 Southeast Asian countries: Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Philippines, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia and Myanmar. Two reviewers will be performing title and abstract screening for the criteria of each publication, in which they will be working independently of each other. The included publication will undergo a full-text review and references cited will be examined for relevance using the same inclusion criteria. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram will guide throughout the process. Data will be extracted, analysed and charted within each category from the selected publications for each Southeast Asian country.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The results of this scoping review will illustrate an overview of the 3D printing healthcare research in the Southeast Asian context, which can be a guide for the advancement of 3D printing that can be accentuated in future research. The results will undergo dissemination which will be submitted for publication in a scientific journal.

Matched MeSH terms: Review Literature as Topic
Fulltext Recent advances in dermatology

Pettit JHS

Singapore Med J, 1963 Mar;4(1):18-21.
PMID: 13942989

Attention is drawn to a number of recently described skin conditions and a number of new treatments which, in the opinion of the writer, warrant more extensive publicity

Matched MeSH terms: Review
A narrative review of the phenomenon of predatory journals to create awareness among researchers in veterinary medicine

Fadel C, Milanova A, Suran J, Sitovs A, Kim TW, Bello A, et al.

J Vet Pharmacol Ther, 2024 Jul;47(4):239-251.
PMID: 38654516 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13448

In recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of predatory journals has increased significantly. Predatory journals exploit the "open-access model" by engaging in deceptive practices such as charging high publication fees without providing the expected quality and performing insufficient or no peer review. Such behaviors undermine the integrity of scientific research and can result in researchers having trouble identifying reputable publication opportunities, particularly early-career researchers who struggle to understand and establish the correct criteria for publication in reputable journals. Publishing in journals that do not fully cover the criteria for scientific publication is also an ethical issue. This review aimed to describe the characteristics of predatory journals, differentiate between reliable and predatory journals, investigate the reasons that lead researchers to publish in predatory journals, evaluate the negative impact of predatory publications on the scientific community, and explore future perspectives. The authors also provide some considerations for researchers (particularly early-career researchers) when selecting journals for publication, explaining the role of metrics, databases, and artificial intelligence in manuscript preparation, with a specific focus on and relevance to publication in veterinary medicine.

Matched MeSH terms: Peer Review, Research
Factors associated with inappropriate utilisation of emergency department services

Selasawati HG, Naing L, Wan Aasim WA, Winn T, Rusli BN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2007;19(2):29-36.
PMID: 18050561 DOI: 10.1177/10105395070190020601

This study was carried out to determine the associated factors and the reasons for inappropriate utilisation of Emergency Department (ED) services at Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. A case-control study was conducted with 170 cases from ED and 170 controls from the Outpatient Department (OPD). A self-administered questionnaire was designed and used to obtain sociodemographic data, knowledge on the functions of ED and OPD, health seeking attitude and behaviour, and reasons for seeking treatment at ED. The study found that gender, marital status, family size, shift work, perceived illness, and knowledge on the role and functions of ED and OPD were significant associated factors. The three most common reasons for inappropriate utilisation of ED were as follows: "due to severity of illness" (85%), "can't go to OPD during office hours" (42%), and "ED near my house" (27%).

Study site: Emergency department, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM)

Matched MeSH terms: Utilization Review*
An audit of fresh frozen plasma usage in a tertiary referral centre in a developing country

Prathiba R, Jayaranee S, Ramesh JC, Lopez CG, Vasanthi N

Malays J Pathol, 2001 Jun;23(1):41-6.
PMID: 16329547

This paper evaluates the practice of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusion at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, and analyses its usage by the various clinical departments. The aim of this study is to identify where it is inappropriately used and the clinical indications in which such misuse is common. A retrospective analysis of the blood bank request forms and work sheets during a 6-month period between January 1998 and June 1998 formed the basis of this study. Overall, 40% of 2665 units transfused were considered appropriate. However, out of the 931 episodes of FFP transfusions only 31% were for appropriate indications. The average FFP requirement when used for appropriate indication was about 4 units per episode, whereas for inappropriate indication it was 2.5 units per episode. Inappropriate use in terms of the number of units was highest by the surgical services (68%) and Orthopaedics (64%), while the Department of Paediatrics had the lowest incidence of inappropriate use (40%). When Paediatrics was used as the benchmark, the incidence of inappropriate use by other departments was significantly higher (p < 0.01). As for FFP usage in common clinical indications, there was a high incidence of inappropriate use in burns (82%), perioperative period (73%), cardiac surgery (68%), massive bleeding (62%) and trauma (60%). The findings in this study, specifically the use of FFP for volume support in trauma, massive bleeding and burns, routine requests without identified indication in cardiac bypass surgery, and prophylactic use in the perioperative period can be the basis for recommendations to minimize the inappropriate use of FFP in the future.

Matched MeSH terms: Utilization Review*
Prevalence of nosocomial infection and antibiotic use at a university medical center in Malaysia

Hughes AJ, Ariffin N, Huat TL, Abdul Molok H, Hashim S, Sarijo J, et al.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2005 Jan;26(1):100-4.
PMID: 15693416

Most reports of nosocomial infection (NI) prevalence have come from developed countries with established infection control programs. In developing countries, infection control is often not as well established due to lack of staff and resources. We examined the rate of NI in our institution.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Utilization Review/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Inappropriate utilization of emergency department services in Universiti Sains Malaysia hospital

Selasawati HG, Naing L, Wan Aasim WA, Winn T, Rusli BN

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):26-33.
PMID: 15535332

Inappropriate utilization of Emergency Departments (ED) services may result in compromised management of patients requiring true emergency treatment. Significant attendance of non-emergency cases in ED was found in several countries. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital (HUSM) to determine the proportion of the inappropriate cases and the utilization pattern by time (over 24 hours and within a week) and by diagnoses. A sample of 350 cases was randomly selected from ED-HUSM register of the year 2000. A decision flowchart, which was adopted from 4 guidelines, was applied to classify appropriate and inappropriate cases. There were 55% inappropriate cases in this study. The inappropriate cases increased considerably in early morning, late evening, during the weekend and early part of the week. Most common diagnoses of inappropriate cases were upper respiratory tract infections, mild acute gastroenteritis and urinary tract infections. Considerable attendance of inappropriate cases calls for interventions.

Matched MeSH terms: Utilization Review*
Fulltext Appropriate utilisation of emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a tertiary referral centre

Gul YA, Jabar MF, Mo'min N, Hon SK

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):65-71.
PMID: 15535338

A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary referral centre to determine the appropriateness of usage of emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (EUGIE) with reference to the guidelines set by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). EUGIE was defined as early, non-elective endoscopy performed for in-patients within 48 hours of acute hospital admission. The median age of the 668 patients was 55 years (age range 12- 90), 31% of whom had a previous upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Bleeding in the form of haematemesis, melaena or anaemia was the most common indication (40.7%) for EUGIE. Eighty one percent of the procedures were judged appropriate by the ASGE guidelines. There was a statistically significant relationship between appropriateness and significant diagnostic yield (P<0.05). Procedures performed for melaena, symptomatic anaemia and haemetemesis led to greater significant diagnostic yield (P<0.05) and there was no difference in the yield between working-hours and after-hours EUGIE.

Matched MeSH terms: Utilization Review*
Proceedings in a disciplinary action at the Malaysian Medical Council

Mahmud MN

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:32-4.
PMID: 16315621

Members of the medical profession are expected to be well aware and abide by the revised code of ethics adopted by the Malaysian Medical Council on 9th December 1986. Under the Act Council may, in the exercise of its disciplinary jurisdiction, impose punishments related to misconduct or malpractices. When a complaint or information is made against any practitioner, the President shall forward such complaint to the Chairman of the Preliminary Investigation Committee. The procedure of the disciplinary inquiry is not exactly like those in the court of law but the same principle of justice is adhered to and all evidence used to make a decision must only be those that are admissible in accordance with the rule of evidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Peer Review, Health Care/methods
Fulltext Antibiotic use in residential aged care facilities

Lim CJ, Stuart RL, Kong DC

Aust Fam Physician, 2015 Apr;44(4):192-6.
PMID: 25901402

BACKGROUND: High infection burden among the residential aged care facility (RACF) population has long been recognised; however, existing infection prevention effort is often limited to infection surveillance activity. There is a scarcity of evidence to guide antimicrobial stewardship in the Australian RACF setting.
OBJECTIVE: This review summarises the current trends in antibiotic use and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms, challenges related to antibiotic prescribing and areas of suboptimal antibiotic prescribing for further improvement, particularly in the Australian RACF setting.
DISCUSSION: There is widespread antibiotic prescribing in RACF, which may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, there is an immediate need for judicious antibiotic use in this high-risk population to curb the rapid emergence of MDR organisms and other adverse consequences associated with inappropriate antibiotic use, as well as to reduce healthcare costs.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Utilization Review*
External quality assurance in Malaysia

Nawawi H, Lim HH, Zakiah I

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1999;30 Suppl 3:39-45.
PMID: 10926257

An activity supportive of the MOH QA Programme, the National EQAS for clinical chemistry monitors for analytical performance in core routine biochemical testing by the pathology laboratories, with unsatisfactory performance scores serving to alert against deficiencies or problems and the scores in subsequent challenges providing the feedback of effectiveness of remedial actions taken. While unacceptable individual analyte performance score (variance index score, VIS) indicated problems in instruments, reagent and calibrators, or the use of inherently poorer methods, repeated occurrence of unsatisfactory OMRVIS was traceable to generally poor laboratory management of usually inadequately-equipment small laboratories. The outcome has been one of slow but gradual improvement in the overall performance of participating laboratories, with a move towards methods upgrading and standardization to achieve greater concordance of results. Presently, the programme is limited to 61 government and 4 private hospital laboratories in the country for 12 commonly assayed clinical biochemistry analytes. It is hoped that the NEQAS could be extended to the other private laboratories and that of academic institutions. However, this is dependent to a large extent on the manpower and financial support obtainable by the organizing body of the programme in the future. Belk and Sunderman, 1947 demonstrated that laboratories participating in an quality assessment scheme could rapidly and dramatically improve their analytical performance. In some countries, participation has become mandatory, and acceptable performance is a requirement in laboratory accreditation. The need and value of the NEQAP is, therefore, evident. While there may be limitations in the national programme. efforts are being made at improving the programme within the means and resources of the organising body. The goals of the NEQAP are not just to monitor performance but also to educate. On this, matters related to and supportive of these goals have also been pursued. The annual workshop/forum on quality controls had allowed exchange of information between representatives of participating laboratories and the organising body. Recently in the 1997 MOH Quality Improvement evaluation, Quality Control has been evaluated together with the other 17 such activities. The study on knowledge, attitude and practice has provided the necessary feedback and will be used for future planning in making efforts at increasing the effectiveness and benefits of the all QC activities including this NEQAP for clinical chemistry. In addition, there is a need to look into areas such as selection of methods and test systems, and improvement of continuing education, training as well as research in quality improvement as suggested by the Quality Improvement evaluation.

Matched MeSH terms: Peer Review/methods*
Appropriateness of colonoscopy in a tertiary referral centre

Jabar MF, Halim ME, Gul YA

Asian J Surg, 2004 Jan;27(1):26-31.
PMID: 14719511

The aim of this study was to determine the appropriateness of colonoscopy in relation to its diagnostic yield, with reference to the guidelines set by the American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE). A prospective 90-day audit was performed at Hospital Kualal Lumpur, which is a tertiary referral centre in Malaysia, to examine the appropriateness of colonoscopy by indication. During that time, 257 colonoscopies were performed in 244 patients. The predominant indications for colonoscopy were altered bowl habit (37%) and rectal bleeding (18%). Of the 257 colonoscopies, 216 (84%) were judged to be appropriate by ASGE guidelines. Only 43% of all colonoscopies had positive findings. Positive findings were found in 93% of cases judged appropriate compared with only 7% found in cases deemed inappropriate. There were statistically significant relationships between appropriateness and overall positive yield and between appropriateness and neoplastic findings (p < 0.05). Colonoscopy performed for appropriate indications yield more significant findings, this, we advocate the use of accepted guidelines to maintain or improve the standard colonoscopy services.

Matched MeSH terms: Utilization Review*

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