MyMedR

Comparison of knowledge and attitudes about antibiotics and resistance, and antibiotics self-practicing between Bachelor of Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students in Southern India

Ahmad A, Khan MU, Moorthy J, Jamshed SQ, Patel I

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2015 03 15;13(1):523.

PMID: 25883690

BACKGROUND: There is limited research on pharmacy specialization based differences with regards to usage of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students about usage and resistance of antibiotics in Southern India.

METHODS: This was a cross sectional study involving final year BPharm and PharmD students studying in two private institutions located in Andra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for the period of 3 months. The questionnaire was divided into 5 components: demographics, knowledge about antibiotic use, attitude towards antibiotic use and resistance, self-antibiotic usage, and possible causes of antibiotic resistance. The study questionnaire was assessed for reliability. Data were analysed by employing Mann Whitney and chi square tests using SPSS version 19.

RESULTS: The sample size comprised of 137 students. The response rate was 76.11% for the study. There was a significant difference in the knowledge of antibiotic use in BPharm and PharmD students (Mean score: 5.09 vs 6.18, p<0.001). The overall attitude of PharmD students about antibiotic use and resistance was positive compared to BPharm students (Mean score: 3.05 vs 2.23, p<0.05). The self-antibiotic practices was higher in BPharm students than PharmD students (36.4% vs 20%, p<0.05). A significantly high number of PharmD students believed that empirical antibiotic therapy led to antibiotic resistance (19.5% versus 48%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: PharmD students were more knowledgeable about antibiotic usage and resistance compared to BPharm students who did not have accurate and the much needed information about the same. Future interventions should be targeted towards educating the BPharm students so that they can implement the acquired knowledge in their practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Breastfeeding practices among mothers in an urban polyclinic

Siah CK, Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):188-94.

PMID: 24326649

A cross sectional descriptive study on breast feeding practices in an urban clinic was conducted among 136 mothers aged between 21-49 years who were interviewed using a questionnaire. Malays constituted 61% of the respondents, Chinese 22.8% and Indians 16.2%. Mojority of these were working mothers and although the initiation of breastfeeding was high (99.3%), exclusive breastfeeding was only 12.5%. A large proportion (33.8%) dtopped prior to 3 months. Majority of the Chinese mothers (61.3%) stipped before 3 months as compared to the Indian (40.9%) and Malay (21.7%) mothers (p<0.001). Mean age of introducing complementary foods at 3 months is below the accepted age of 4 to 6 months for weaning. Ever-breast feeding rate is high in this urban setting but more efforts are needed to effect a higher rate of exclusive breastfeeding and longer duration of breastfeeding.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Demotivating factors among government doctors in Negeri Sembilan

Sararaks S, Jamaluddin R

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Sep;54(3):310-9.

PMID: 11045056

Motivation, especially on the relationship of remuneration of government doctors to it, has long been an issue of concern. This study sought to elucidate the demotivating factors in service and the perceived discrepancy in income. It was conducted amongst doctors serving in the Ministry of Health, Negeri Sembilan, using self-administered questionnaires. Factors considered demotivating were remuneration, workload and recognition given. Career development, promotion prospects, issues with superiors, resources and patient attitudes were other factors identified. On average, respondents expect an income of 1.63 times more than their current drawn salary and 87.2% cited rewards as a recommendation to improve their satisfaction in service. In-service training was desired by almost all. Though the medical profession has traditionally been viewed as altruistic in nature, doctors in service are voicing out their views and perception, and they should be heard.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext The dimensions of ocular morbidity amongst the nursing home geriatrics population

Normalina M, Zainal M

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):239-44.

PMID: 10968160

A cross-sectional prevalence study amongst a nursing home elderly population was carried out at Rumah Sri Kenangan, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan between June 1995 until June 1996. A total of 204 cases of 60 years and older were examined in order to determine the ocular morbidity amongst them. It was found that 47.5% had low vision and 19.1% were legally blind. Cataract was found to be the leading cause of low vision and blindness occurring in 81.4% and 74.3% respectively. Glaucoma occurred in 1% of those who had low vision and none due to macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. The magnitude of visual impairment and blindness in this nursing home is high but is preventable and avoidable.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Domestic accidental injuries to children presenting at a rural general practice

Ariff KM, Schattner P

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):82-6.

PMID: 10968143

A survey of domestic childhood accidental injuries was conducted at a rural general practice in Arau, Perlis. Data was collected from parents or other caregivers of 171 children, aged 12 years and below, using a pretested questionnaire. Male children between the ages of 6 and 12 years were the most common group affected, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. The three most common accidents were injuries from falls (28%), cuts, lacerations, bruises and puncture wounds not resulting from falls (26%), and thermal injuries (22%). The most commonly affected parts of the body were the limbs. Most injuries to children between ages 4 to 12 years occurred in the house compounds, while those to children below 4 years occurred in the kitchen and other locations within the house. Major contributing factors to the injuries were the existence of unsafe home environments, the risk taking activities of the children, the presence of hazardous products in the household and unrealistic parental attitudes to injury prevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Blindness and visual impairment amongst rural Malays in Kuala Selangor, Selangor

Zainal M, Masran L, Ropilah AR

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Mar;53(1):46-50.

PMID: 10968137

A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness and its causes amongst the adult rural Malay population in the district of Kuala Selangor, Selangor. By simple random sampling 330 samples were selected for the study. All samples underwent complete ophthalmological examination. The crude prevalence of visual impairment and blindness were 0.7% and 5.6% respectively. Age was the most important factor associated with the prevalence; gender, level of education and level of income was not significantly related. Cataract was the commonest cause of visual impairment and blindness while diabetic retinopathy was the second important cause.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

The prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain in 11- to 16-year-old Malaysian schoolchildren

Boey C, Yap S, Goh KL

J Paediatr Child Health, 2000 Apr;36(2):114-6.

PMID: 10760006

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) among Malaysian school children aged from 11 to 16 years.

METHODOLOGY: A preliminary cross-sectional survey in which three urban schools and three rural schools were selected randomly. Two classes were selected randomly from each year. A questionnaire was given to each child asking him or her about whether they had experienced abdominal pain occurring at least three times over a period of at least 3 months, interfering with normal daily activity. 1 Interfering with normal daily activity was defined as missing school and/or having to stop doing a routine daily activity on account of the pain. Girls whose pains were related to periods were excluded. After the forms had been completed, each child was again interviewed to ensure that Apley's criteria1 was fulfilled in cases of RAP.

RESULTS: The overall prevalence of RAP among 1549 schoolchildren (764 boys; 785 girls) was 10.2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 8.8-11.8). There appeared to be a higher prevalence in rural schoolchildren (P = 0.008; odds ratio (OR) 1.58), in those with a lower family income (P < 0.001; OR 2.02) and in children whose fathers have a lower educational attainment (P = 0.002; OR 1. 92). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of RAP among children of different sex, age, ethnic group and family size.

CONCLUSION: : In spite of differences in time and culture, the overall prevalence of 10.2% found in this study is similar to that determined by Apley.1 There are significant differences in the prevalence of RAP between children from rural and urban schools, among children with different family incomes and among children whose parents have different educational backgrounds.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Postal surveys: is it worth the effort?

Yeap JS, Yeap JK, Ruslan NG

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):539.

PMID: 11072481

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Work related upper limb disorders in telecommunication workers in Malaysia

Premalatha GD, Noor Hassim I

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Jun;54(2):247-56.

PMID: 10972037

A total of 323 workers from 5 different occupational groups in the telecommunication industry were studied in this cross sectional study, which sought to determine the prevalence of Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULD) in 5 occupational groups; operators using the Video Display Terminals, switchboard operators, clerks, data entry processors and the supervisors. WRULD was also studied with regard to factors such as sex, race, height, age, stress and the discomfort perceived due to the work station design. The possibility of WRULD was determined from a self-administered questionnaire and confirmed by history and physical examination. Psychological stress and the discomfort due to the workstation were measured from the questionnaire. The overall prevalence was found to be 31.2% and the prevalence among the various occupations differed with it being the highest in the switchboard operators and data processors and the lowest in the supervisors. The older workers and the female workers were found to have higher prevalences of WRULD. It was also found that a higher stress score and a higher score of discomfort perceived at the work station were associated with higher prevalences of WRULD.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Predictors of recurrent abdominal pain among 9 to 15-year-old urban school-children in Malaysia

Boey CC, Goh KL

Acta Paediatr, 2001 Mar;90(3):353-5.

PMID: 11332181

A cross-sectional survey of school-children aged from 9 to 15 y was performed in the city of Petaling Jaya to look for predictors of recurrent abdominal pain. A sample of 1488 children was randomly chosen, of whom 143 (9.6%) had recurrent abdominal pain according to Apley's criteria.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext A comparative study on the service profiles and practice facilities among urban general practices in east and west Malaysia

Khoo EM

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55(3):341-6.

PMID: 11200714

1171 urban general practices in East and West Malaysia were compared regarding their service profiles and practice facilities. In general, practices in both parts put important emphasis on preventive health care. More practices in East Malaysia were providing hormone replacement therapy and sexually transmitted diseases services but less were providing intrapartum care, counselling services including sexual and marital counselling and problems associated with social deviance such as alcohol and drug abuse. Although most practices in East Malaysia were solo practices, they were more comprehensive in terms of the provision of practice facilities when compared to those in West Malaysia. A greater number of them had ultrasound facilities, peak flow meters, ECG machines, computers and blood biochemistry facilities.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Acute respiratory infection in Malaysian children

Lye MS, Deavi U, Lai KP, Kaur H, Nair RC, Choo KE

J Trop Pediatr, 1994 Dec;40(6):334-40.

PMID: 7853437

A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children below 7 years of age and to obtain baseline information for an intervention programme. A total of 6190 households comprising 38,632 persons with 12,273 children (32 per cent) below 7 years of age were surveyed. Information on socio-demographic variables, environmental sanitation, occurrence of ARI and diarrhoea, treatment seeking behaviour during episodes of those illnesses and immunizations among children were obtained. Thirty per cent of children had experienced ARI in the 2-week period prior to the interview, and 94 per cent had mild ARI, 1 per cent had moderate and 5 per cent had severe ARI. There was lack of concurrence between mother's perception of severity and that of the investigators' (Kappa coefficient = 0.083 (95 per cent CI = 0.017-0.149). Twenty-four and 39 per cent of severe and moderate ARI, respectively, were reported by mothers to be mild. There is cause for concern as these children may not receive timely and appropriate treatment. The findings from this study contribute to identification of target populations and priority areas for health education of the population. The survey has provided useful baseline data for the implementation of an intervention programme for the control of ARI in children.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

A study of Malaysian drug addicts with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Yoong KY, Cheong I

Int J STD AIDS, 1997 Feb;8(2):118-23.

PMID: 9061411

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the clinical profile, haematological and biochemical changes, seroprevalence of common opportunistic pathogens, and AIDS-defining events in 49 Malaysian male drug addicts with HIV infection. Their mean age was 33.2 years, the majority had been injecting drugs for more than 5 years and 88% reporting sharing needles. Fatigue, weight loss and night sweats were common presenting symptoms and the most frequent physical findings were hepatomegaly (57%), lymphadenopathy (35%) and thrush (29%). Pulmonary infections were the commonest complications seen (61%) and of these, 13 had septic pulmonary emboli, 7 had bacterial pneumonias, 7 had pulmonary tuberculosis, and 4 had Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Eight patients had infective endocarditis and 5 had infected pseudoaneurysm in the groin. Anaemia (82%), leucocytosis (53%), hypoalbuminaemia (43%), hyperglobulinaemia (88%), elevated liver enzymes and hyponatraemia (57%) were frequent laboratory findings. The prevalence of HCV, HBV, cytomegalovirus and toxoplasma infection (by serology) were 100%, 12.2%, 72.7% and 59% respectively. All 7 patients with AIDS (4 P. carinii pneumonia, 2 extrapulmonary tuberculosis, and one oesophageal candidiasis) presented with their AIDS-defining illness, suggesting that HIV-infected intravenous drug user (IVDU) patients present late in the course of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Smoking among university students: a comparative study between Malaysian students in Malaysia and Australia

Hashami B, Abdul Halim O, Yusoff K

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):149-57.

PMID: 8090094

A total of 209 randomly selected Malaysian university students (128 from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 81 from the University of New South Wales) completed a self-filled questionnaire enquiring about their smoking behaviour and psychosocial characteristics. The prevalence of smoking was 26.6 per cent among students in Malaysia and 18.8 per cent among students in Australia (average 23.4%). Both samples have similar patterns in terms of age of starting smoking, time of the day when they smoked, family and peer history of smoking, and whether or not they inhaled deeply during smoking. The smokers tend to be male, studying beyond the first year, staying with peers outside the hostel, having financial sources other than a scholarship, and abnormal mental health score. However, the smokers from the Australian samples were noted to smoke less and made fewer attempts at quitting the habit.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Changing prevalence of diabetes mellitus amongst rural Malays in Kuala Selangor over a 10-year period

Khebir BV, Osman A, Khalid BA

Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):41-7.

PMID: 10967978

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its relationship with age, physical activity, nutritional status and diet amongst rural Malays in Kuala Selangor. By simple random sampling 360 subjects were selected for the study. Besides guided questionnaires, subjects also underwent a 2 hours post prandial (2HPP) test to determine the diabetic status as recommended by WHO. The crude prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 14.6% which increases with age. The prevalence of diabetes adjusted for age was 12.2%. Physical activity status seemed to be a significant risk factor for diabetes. A greater proportion of diabetics was obese and their mean fat intake was higher than normal subjects (p < 0.05). The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in this study was significantly higher compared with data from 1984 (3.9%), representing a marked increment of 212.8 per cent over a 10-year period.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Psychiatric symptomatology in a primary health setting in Malaysia

Varma SL, Azhar MZ

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):11-6.

PMID: 7752963

This study was conducted to find out the psychiatric symptomatology in the patients and their families attending a primary health care facility. The most frequent symptoms found were of depression (13.2%), followed by hypochondriacal symptoms (8.2%), anxiety symptoms (6.1%) and psychotic symptoms. A large proportion (21.5%) of children had psychiatric symptoms. The common symptoms include enuresis, hostility, tantrums, problems of conduct and destructiveness. Surprisingly, concern for these symptoms was lacking in both the patient and their family members.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Inhaler technique among doctors: a survey in Hospital USM

Riduan BA, Ismail Y

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):269-72.

PMID: 8183137

A survey of inhaler technique using a placebo metered dose inhaler was performed among 41 house and medical officers from the Medical and Outpatient departments, Hospital USM. The majority (76%) of them had been taught at one time or another regarding inhaler technique. However, only 18 of them (48.9%) used the metered dose inhaler correctly. Medical officers currently in the Medical Department had the highest percentage of correct technique (75%); followed by medical officers in the Outpatient Department (57.1%). Among house officers, 30.8% demonstrated correct technique. The most common error was failure to hold their breath after inhaling the aerosol (53.7%).

Study site: Medical and Outpatient departments, Hospital USM.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Measurement of nutritional status using conventional anthropometry and D2O in Sarawak, Malaysia

Wells JC, Strickland SS

Eur J Clin Nutr, 1996 Oct;50(10):668-71.

PMID: 8909933

To evaluate the effect of different methods (plateau or back extrapolation) of calculating total body water (TBW) from deuterium dilution in an environment characterised by high water turnover. The back extrapolation model is assumed to be more accurate when water turnover is high.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext The prevalence of endemic goitre among Penans of the Baram

Chen PC, Yap SB

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Jun;43(2):159-61.

PMID: 3266288

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

Fulltext Alleged paraquat poisoning in Perak

Wong KT, Ng TS

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):52-5.

PMID: 6334801

This communication describes a survey on 94 cases of alleged paraquat poisoning for a period of one-and a-half years in Perak state. The highest prevalence of such cases was noted in the district of Batang Padang. The incidences between males and females as well as between married and single persons were found to be equal, 81.9% were Indians and 73.4% were suicidal cases. More than 80% of the cases were in the 10-to-40-years age group.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies

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