METHODS: We adopted a cross-sectional study design through an online survey platform to enquire opinions of transition practices from expert representatives in 7 SEA countries.

RESULTS: Regionally, 3 out 7 countries reported having no practice of transition care. Among cited challenges were reluctant adaptation by patients and caregivers to unfamiliarized adult healthcare systems, inadequate ratio of adult immunologists to patients and lack of facilities for transfer.

METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the authors searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, and Scopus, with no language restriction, from inception to January 27, 2023. Observational or experimental studies with pediatric data on the causes of hydrocephalus in a country within Asia were included. Pooled proportions of postinfectious hydrocephalus, nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus related to spinal dysraphism were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed on prespecified moderators. Methodological study quality was assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Score and Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool as per the registered protocol on PROSPERO.

RESULTS: The search yielded 5110 results, for which 79 articles were included, with data on 11,529 children from 18 Asian countries. The pooled proportion of nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus was 29.0% (95% CI 22.9-35.5); postinfectious hydrocephalus was 10.7% (95% CI 7.7-14.1); and hydrocephalus secondary to dysraphism was 7.6% (95% CI 5.1-10.5). The pooled proportion of postinfectious hydrocephalus was greatest in lower-middle-income countries (19.2% [95% CI 12.8-26.3]). There was a negative association between the proportion of postinfectious hydrocephalus and Human Development Index (-1.45 [95% CI -2.21 to -0.69]; p < 0.001); urbanization of the country (-0.008 [95% CI -0.012 to -0.004]; p < 0.001); and increasing distance from the equator (-0.016 [95% CI -0.026 to -0.006]; p = 0.002). The pooled proportion of nonpostinfectious hydrocephalus was greatest in high-income countries (36.7% [95% CI 27.6-46.3]). Certain etiologies of pediatric hydrocephalus were more common in different cultural regions, with postinfectious hydrocephalus most common in South Asia (23.2% [95% CI 15.8-31.5]); nonpostinfectious in East Asia (38.3% [95% CI 26.6-50.7]); and dysraphism in West Asia (11.9% [95% CI 6.4-18.8]).

METHODOLOGY: A systematic review, using the PRISMA guideline, was conducted on articles published between 2002 and 2023 from three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. A manual search was conducted for the references of the included articles using Google Scholar. Included articles must be in English and were based on empirical evidence published in peer-reviewed journals and focus on the assessment of domains of social frailty in older people aged 60 or over in the Asia-Pacific (East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania).

RESULT: A total of 31 studies were included in the thematic analysis, from which 16 screening tools measuring six social domains were reviewed. The six domains were: social networks, followed by social activities, social support, financial difficulties, social roles, and socioeconomic, arranged in four categories: social resources, social needs, social behaviors (or social activities), and general resources. The six social domains predicted mortality, physical difficulties, and disability incidence. Other adverse health outcomes were also associated with these social domains, including cognitive disorders, mental illness, and nutritional disorders (n = 5 domains each), dementia (n = 4 domains), and oral frailty, hearing loss, obesity, and chronic pain (n = 3 domains each).

METHODS: We systematically searched for publications in PubMed® and Scopus, manually searched the grey literature and consulted with national health and nutrition officials, with no restrictions on publication type or language. We included low- and middle-income countries in the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and China. We analysed the included programmes by adapting the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's public health surveillance evaluation framework.

FINDINGS: We identified 82 surveillance programmes in 18 countries that repeatedly collect, analyse and disseminate data on nutrition and/or related indicators. Seventeen countries implemented a national periodic survey that exclusively collects nutrition-outcome indicators, often alongside internationally linked survey programmes. Coverage of different subpopulations and monitoring frequency vary substantially across countries. We found limited integration of food environment and wider food system indicators in these programmes, and no programmes specifically monitor nutrition-sensitive data across the food system. There is also limited nutrition-related surveillance of people living in urban deprived areas. Most surveillance programmes are digitized, use measures to ensure high data quality and report evidence of flexibility; however, many are inconsistently implemented and rely on external agencies' financial support.

METHODOLOGY: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. From the relevant articles, we extracted data and conducted a risk of bias assessment of individual studies.

RESULTS: The search yielded 22 and 13 publications on HAV seroprevalence and incidence, respectively. Overall, our findings point to a very low HAV endemicity profile in Thailand and Singapore and evidence of a shift towards low HAV endemicity in Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Only Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines have existing HAV disease surveillance and reported incidence rates below 1 per 100,000. Several outbreaks with varying magnitude documented in the region provide insights into the evolving epidemiology of HAV in the region. Risk of bias assessment of studies revealed that the individual studies were of low to medium risk.