Displaying publications 141 - 160 of 833 in total

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  1. Eurycomanone suppresses expression of lung cancer cell tumor markers, prohibitin, annexin 1 and endoplasmic reticulum protein 28
    Wong PF, Cheong WF, Shu MH, Teh CH, Chan KL, AbuBakar S
    Phytomedicine, 2012 Jan 15;19(2):138-44.
    PMID: 21903368 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.07.001
    Bioactive compounds from the medicinal plant, Eurycoma longifolia Jack have been shown to promote anti-proliferative effects on various cancer cell lines. Here we examined the effects of purified eurycomanone, a quassinoid found in Eurycoma longifolia Jack extract, on the expression of selected genes of the A549 lung cancer cells. Eurycomanone inhibited A549 lung cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 5 to 20 μg/ml. The concentration that inhibited 50% of cell growth (GI(50)) was 5.1 μg/ml. The anti-proliferative effects were not fully reversible following the removal of eurycomanone, in which 30% of cell inhibition still remained (p<0.0001, T-test). At 8 μg/ml (GI(70)), eurycomanone suppressed anchorage-independent growth of A549 cells by >25% (p<0.05, T-test, n=8) as determined using soft agar colony formation assay. Cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug used for the treatment of non small cell lung cancer on the other hand, inhibited A549 cells proliferation at concentrations ranging from 0.2 μg/ml to 15 μg/ml with a GI(50) of 0.58 μg/ml. The treatment with eurycomanone reduced the abundance expression of the lung cancer markers, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1, p53 tumor suppressor protein and other cancer-associated genes including prohibitin (PHB), annexin 1 (ANX1) and endoplasmic reticulum protein 28 (ERp28) but not the house keeping genes. The mRNA expressions of all genes with the exception of PHB were significantly downregulated, 72 h after treatment (p<0.05, T-test, n=9). These findings suggest that eurycomanone at viable therapeutic concentrations of 5-20 μg/ml exhibited significant anti-proliferative and anti-clonogenic cell growth effects on A549 lung cancer cells. The treatment also resulted in suppression of the lung cancer cell tumor markers and several known cancer cell growth-associated genes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  2. Antidepressant-like effect of mitragynine isolated from Mitragyna speciosa Korth in mice model of depression
    Idayu NF, Hidayat MT, Moklas MA, Sharida F, Raudzah AR, Shamima AR, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2011 Mar 15;18(5):402-7.
    PMID: 20869223 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.08.011
    Mitragyna speciosa Korth. leaves have been used for decades as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, diabetes and to improve blood circulation by natives of Malaysia, Thailand and other regions of Southeast Asia. Mitragynine is the major active alkaloid in the plant. To date, the role of mitragynine in psychological disorders such as depression is not scientifically evaluated. Hence, the present investigation evaluates the antidepressant effect of mitragynine in the mouse forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST), two models predictive of antidepressant activity and the effect of mitragynine towards neuroendocrine system of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by measuring the corticosterone concentration of mice exposed to FST and TST. An open-field test (OFT) was used to detect any association of immobility in the FST and TST with changes in motor activity of mice treated with mitragynine. In the present study, mitragynine at dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg i.p. injected significantly reduced the immobility time of mice in both FST and TST without any significant effect on locomotor activity in OFT. Moreover, mitragynine significantly reduced the released of corticosterone in mice exposed to FST and TST at dose of 10 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. Overall, the present study clearly demonstrated that mitragynine exerts an antidepressant effect in animal behavioral model of depression (FST and TST) and the effect appears to be mediated by an interaction with neuroendocrine HPA axis systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  3. 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate: a new chemotherapeutic natural compound against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
    Hasima N, Aun LI, Azmi MN, Aziz AN, Thirthagiri E, Ibrahim H, et al.
    Phytomedicine, 2010 Oct;17(12):935-9.
    PMID: 20729047 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.03.011
    Medicinal plants containing active natural compounds have been used as an alternative treatment for cancer patients in many parts of the world especially in Asia (Itharat et al. 2004). In this report, we describe the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), an analogue of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), isolated from the Malaysian ethno-medicinal plant Alpinia conchigera Griff (Zingiberaceae) on human breast cancer cells. Data from MTT cell viability assays indicated that AEA induced both time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicity with an IC(50) value of 14.0 μM within 36 h of treatment on MCF-7 cells, but not in HMEC normal control cells. Both annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric analysis and DNA fragmentation assays confirmed that AEA induced cell death via apoptosis. AEA was also found to induce cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells at the G(0)/G(1) phase with no adverse cell cycle arrest effects on HMEC normal control cells. It was concluded that AEA isolated from the Malaysian tropical ginger represents a potential chemotherapeutic agent against human breast cancer cells with higher cytotoxicity potency than its analogue, ACA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  4. Bioassay-guided isolation of a vasorelaxant active compound from Kaempferia galanga L
    Othman R, Ibrahim H, Mohd MA, Mustafa MR, Awang K
    Phytomedicine, 2006 Jan;13(1-2):61-6.
    PMID: 16360934
    Bioassay-guided fractionation was performed on a crude dichloromethane extract of Kaempferia galanga L. using chromatography techniques. Screening of the extract for biological activity started with the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, followed by the study of its antihypertensive activity on anaesthetized rats, which involved monitoring of the extract's effect on mean arterial blood pressure. The components of the fractions obtained from the separation procedures were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC). The yield of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract was 0.29% of the crude plant extract. Analysis of the data for brine shrimp lethality test using the Finney computer program showed that this extract exhibited potent bioactivity with an ED(50) value of 7.92+/-0.13 microgml(-1). Intravenous administration of the extract induced a dose-related reduction of basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) (130+/-5 mmHg) in the anaesthetized rat, with maximal effects seen after 5-10 min of injection. The gas chromatogram showed that the common compound in the active fractions obtained from the bioassay-guided fractionation of the CH(2)Cl(2) extract was ethyl cinnamate. This vasorelaxant active compound, ethyl cinnamate, was isolated as a colorless oil. Ethyl p-methoxycinnamic acid was also isolated as white needles but did not exhibit any relaxant effect on the precontracted thoracic rat aorta.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  5. Effects of Labisia pumila var alata extracts on the lipid profile, serum antioxidant status and abdominal aorta of high-cholesterol diet rats
    Dianita R, Jantan I, Jalil J, Amran AZ
    Phytomedicine, 2016 Jul 15;23(8):810-7.
    PMID: 27288916 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.04.004
    BACKGROUND: Previous studies on Labisia pumila var. alata (LPva) have showed that it could inhibit low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and provide protection on myocardial infarction in rats.

    HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: We hypothesized that LPva extracts can modulate the lipid profiles and serum antioxidant status of hypercholesterolemic rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of aqueous and 80% ethanol extracts of LPva on atherogenic and serum antioxidant parameters as well as changes in abdominal aorta of high-cholesterol diet rats.

    METHODS: The major components of the extracts, gallic acid, flavonoids and alkyl resorcinols were analyzed by using a validated reversed phase HPLC method. The rats were induced to hypercholesterolemic status with daily intake of 2% cholesterol for a duration of 8 weeks. Three different doses (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) of the extracts were administered daily on the 4th week onwards. The rats were then sacrificed and the blood was collected via abdominal aorta and serum was separated by centrifugation for biochemical analysis. Part of the aorta tissues were excised immediately for histopathological examination.

    RESULTS: The serum of LPva treated rats showed significant reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and the abdominal aorta showed a significant decrease of atheroma lesions in treated rats. Serum lipid profiles of treated rats showed a decrease in total cholesterol, total triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels as compared to control group. The atherogenic indices in treated rats were significantly improved along with an increasing level of serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The extracts also exhibited significant increase of antioxidant enzymes and decrease of MDA as a product of lipid peroxidation.

    CONCLUSION: LPva extracts can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia by improving the serum lipid profiles and modulating serum antioxidants.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  6. Effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on sexual qualities in middle aged male rats
    Ang HH, Ngai TH, Tan TH
    Phytomedicine, 2003;10(6-7):590-3.
    PMID: 13678248 DOI: 10.1078/094471103322331881
    The effects of Eurycoma longifolia Jack were studied on the sexual qualities of middle aged male rats after dosing them with 0.5 g/kg of various fractions of E. longifolia whilst the control group received 3 ml/kg of normal saline daily for 12 weeks. Results showed than E. longifolia Jack enhanced the sexual qualities of the middle aged male rats by decreasing their hesitation time as compared to controls with various fractions of E. longifolia Jack produced 865-916 (91-96), 860-914 (92-98), 850-904 (93-99), 854-890 (95-99), 844-880 (94-98), 840-875 (94-98), 830-870 (94-98), 825-860 (94-98), 820-850 (96-99), 800-840 (93-98), 750-795 (94-99) and 650-754 sec (82-95%) in contrast to controls which produced 950 (100), 934 (100), 910 (100), 900 (100), 895 (100), 890 (100), 885 (100), 880 (100), 855 (100), 860 (100), 800 (100) and 790 sec (100%) throughout the investigation period. Besides these, there was a transient increase in the % of the male rats responding to the right choice after chronic administration of 0.5 g/kg E. longifolia Jack, with more than 50% of the male rats scored right choice after 2 weeks post-treatment and the effect was more prominent at the dose of the observation period. However, there was no sexual enhancement of the middle aged male rats which consumed normal saline since only 45-55% of the male rats responded to right choice throughout the investigation period. Hence, this study shows that E. longifolia Jack enhanced the sexual qualities of the middle aged male rats, further supports the folkuse of E. longifolia Jack as an aphrodisiac.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  7. Macroline, akuammiline, sarpagine, and ajmaline alkaloids from Alstonia macrophylla
    Lim SH, Low YY, Sinniah SK, Yong KT, Sim KS, Kam TS
    Phytochemistry, 2014 Feb;98:204-15.
    PMID: 24342109 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.11.014
    A total of seventeen alkaloids, comprising six macroline (including alstofolinine A, a macroline indole incorporating a butyrolactone ring-E), two ajmaline, one sarpagine, and eight akuammiline alkaloids, were isolated from the stem-bark and leaf extracts of the Malayan Alstonia macrophylla. The structure and relative configurations of these alkaloids were established using NMR, MS and in several instances, confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Six of these alkaloids were effective in reversing multidrug-resistance (MDR) in vincristine-resistant KB cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  8. Laevifins A-G, clerodane diterpenoids from the Bark of Croton oblongus Burm.f
    Aziz AN, Ismail NH, Halim SNA, Looi CY, Anouar EH, Langat MK, et al.
    Phytochemistry, 2018 Dec;156:193-200.
    PMID: 30316148 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.002
    A phytochemical investigation of the stem barks of the Malaysian Croton oblongus Burm.f. (Syn. Croton laevifolius Blume) (Euphorbiaceae) yielded seven previously undescribed ent-neo-clerodane diterpenoids, laevifins A - G and the known crovatin (3). Structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic methods including HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration of crovatin and laevifins A-G was established by comparison of experimental ECD and theoretical TDDFT ECD calculated spectra. This is the first report on the occurrence of the sesquiterpenoid cryptomeridiol in a Croton species. In vitro cytotoxicity assays on laevifins A, B and G showed moderate activities against the MCF-7 cancer cell line (IC50 102, 115 and 106 μM, respectively) while β-amyrin and acetyl aleuritolic acid showed good anti-inflammatory activity on the LPS-induced NF-κB translocation inhibition in RAW 264.7 cells assay with IC50 values of 23.5 and 35.4 μg/mL, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  9. Iodination improves the phototoxicity of an amphiphilic porphyrin
    Topkaya D, Ng SY, Bretonnière Y, Lafont D, Chung LY, Lee HB, et al.
    Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther, 2016 Dec;16:12-14.
    PMID: 27475243 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.008
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  10. A new naturally derived photosensitizer and its phototoxicity on head and neck cancer cells
    Lim SH, Lee HB, Ho AS
    Photochem Photobiol, 2011 Sep-Oct;87(5):1152-8.
    PMID: 21534974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.00939.x
    In our screening for photosensitizers from natural resources, 15(1)-hydroxypurpurin-7-lactone ethyl methyl diester (compound 1) was isolated for the first time from an Araceae plant. To evaluate the efficacy of compound 1 as a photosensitizer for head and neck cancers, compound 1 was studied in reference to a known photosensitizer pheophorbide-a (Pha), in terms of photophysical properties, singlet oxygen generation and in in vitro experiments (intracellular uptake and phototoxicity assays) in two oral (HSC2 and HSC3) and two nasopharyngeal (HK1 and C666-1) cancer cell lines. In this study, compound 1 exhibited higher intracellular uptake over 24 h compared with Pha in both HSC3 and HK1 cells. When activated by ≥4.8 J cm(-2) of light, compound 1 was slightly more potent as a photosensitizer than Pha by consistently having marginally lower IC(50) values across different cell lines. In flow cytometry experiments to study the mechanism of photoactivated cell death in HSC3, compound 1 was observed to induce more pronounced apoptosis compared with Pha, which may have been driven by the transient G(2)/M cell cycle block which was also observed. These promising results on compound 1 warrant its further investigation as a clinically useful photodynamic therapy agent for head and neck cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  11. Effect of captopril on urinary kallikrein, blood pressure and myocardial hypertrophy in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats
    Sharma JN, Kesavarao U
    Pharmacology, 2002 Apr;64(4):196-200.
    PMID: 11893900 DOI: 10.1159/000056171
    We investigated the total urinary kallikrein levels, left-ventricular wall thickness and mean arterial blood pressure of nontreated and captopril-treated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. The mean arterial blood pressure was significantly elevated in diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats as compared to nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. Captopril treatment caused a significant reduction in the arterial blood pressure of both nondiabetic and diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. The left-ventricular wall thickness was also significantly reduced in diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive treated with captopril as compared to nontreated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. The total urinary kallikrein levels were significantly raised in captopril-treated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats against the values obtained from nontreated diabetic and nondiabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results indicate that blood pressure reduction and left ventricular wall regression with captopril treatment might be due to enhanced renal kallikrein formation. The significance of these findings is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  12. Modulation of vascular reactivity in normal, hypertensive and diabetic rat aortae by a non-antioxidant flavonoid
    Ajay M, Achike FI, Mustafa MR
    Pharmacol Res, 2007 May;55(5):385-91.
    PMID: 17317209
    In this study, we report the effects of a non-antioxidant flavonoid flavone on vascular reactivity in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat isolated aortae. Whether flavone directly modulates vascular reactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and streptozotocin-induced diabetic-WKY rat isolated aortae was also determined. Thoracic aortic rings were mounted in organ chambers and exposed to various drug treatments in the presence of flavone (10 microM) or its vehicle (DMSO), which served as control. Pretreatment with flavone enhanced relaxant effects to endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (ACh) and attenuated contractile effects to alpha(1)-receptor agonist phenylephrine (PE) in WKY aortae compared to those observed in control aortic rings. Flavone had no effect on relaxations to ACh in WKY aortae incubated with either L-NAME or methylene blue, but enhanced relaxations to ACh in WKY aortae incubated with indomethacin or partially depolarized with KCl. Relaxations to ACh are totally abolished in both control or flavone pretreated endothelium-denuded WKY aortae. Flavone attenuated the inhibition by beta-NADH of ACh-induced relaxation in WKY aortae, but it had no significant effect on the transient contractions induced by beta-NADH nor the pyrogallol-induced abolishment of ACh-induced relaxation in WKY aortae. Flavone enhanced endothelium-independent relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in both endothelium-intact and -denuded WKY aortae. Flavone enhanced relaxation to ACh and SNP as well as attenuated contractile effects to PE in SHR and diabetic aortae, a finding similar to that observed in normal WKY aortae. From these results, we conclude that flavone modulates vascular reactivity in normal as well as hypertensive and diabetic aortae. These effects of flavone results probably through enhanced bioactivity of nitric oxide released from the endothelium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  13. Effect of fluoxetine on maximal electroshock seizures in mice: acute vs chronic administration
    Raju SS, Noor AR, Gurthu S, Giriyappanavar CR, Acharya SB, Low HC, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 1999 Jun;39(6):451-4.
    PMID: 10373242
    There are no definite reports regarding the effects of chronic fluoxetine on animal models of epilepsy. Since chronically administered fluoxetine, in comparison to acutely administered fluoxetine has different effects on CNS, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of acute and chronic fluoxetine pretreatment, on a median anticonvulsant dose (ED50) of phenytoin in male ICR albino mice. Additionally, the effects of fluoxetine pretreatment on median convulsive current (CC50) in the presence and absence of phenytoin were investigated and results were compared. The maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test was used to estimate the ED50of phenytoin. The electroshock threshold test was used to estimate CC50. ED50and CC50values were calculated by probit analysis. The effects of the chronic and acute fluoxetine groups on the ED50of phenytoin were significantly different (P<0.05), and on CC50this difference was not statistically significant. Chronic fluoxetine insignificantly increased the ED50of phenytoin and decreased the CC50while acute fluoxetine decreased the ED50of phenytoin and increased the CC50. Our results indicate that chronic fluoxetine does not have an antiepileptic property and it may have dubious proconvulsant properties, contrary to acute fluoxetine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  14. Effect of propranolol and nifedipine on maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice: individually and in combination
    Raju SS, Gopalakrishna HN, Venkatadri N
    Pharmacol Res, 1998 Dec;38(6):449-52.
    PMID: 9990653
    A comparative effect of propranolol and nifedipine administered individually and in combination at graded dose levels; and that of phenytoin at 30 mg kg-1 on maximal electroshock (MES)-induced seizure in mice was investigated. Propranolol in doses of 10 mg kg-1 and 20 mg kg-1, and nifedipine in doses of 8 mg kg-1 and 16 mg kg-1 significantly modified MES activity. Propranolol (40 mg kg-1), and a combination of propranolol (20 mg kg-1) and nifedipine (8 mg kg-1), produced antiMES activity, which was comparable to that of phenytoin (30 mg kg-1). In mice treated with propranolol and nifedipine combination, the tonic flexor and tonic extensor phase ratios (F/E ratio) were significantly higher than individual drug responses. Our findings suggest that a combination of propranolol and nifedipine has either synergistic or an additive effect in controlling MES-induced seizures in mice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  15. The influence of metformin on IGF-1 levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    Yang X, Kord-Varkaneh H, Talaei S, Clark CCT, Zanghelini F, Tan SC, et al.
    Pharmacol Res, 2020 01;151:104588.
    PMID: 31816435 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104588
    BACKGROUND: A meta-analysis is needed to comprehensively consolidate findings from the influence of metformin on IGF-1 levels. The present study was conducted with the objective to accurately evaluate the influence of metformin intake on IGF-1 levels via a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

    METHODS: A comprehensive systematic search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS and Embase from inception until June 2019. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with the 95 % CI were applied for estimating the effects of metformin on serum IGF-1 levels.

    RESULTS: 11 studies involving a total of 569 individuals reported changes in IGF-1 plasma concentrations as an outcome measure. Pooled results demonstrated an overall non-significant decline in IGF-1 following metformin intake (WMD: -8.292 ng/ml, 95 % CI: -20.248, 3.664, p = 0.174) with heterogeneity among (p = 0.000,I2 = 87.1 %). The subgroup analyses displayed that intervention duration <12 weeks on children (WMD:-55.402 ng/ml, 95 % CI: -79.845, -30.960, I2 = 0.0 %) significantly reduced IGF-1. Moreover, in age 18 < years older metformin intake (WMD: 15.125 ng/ml, 95 % CI: 5.522, 24.729, I2 = 92.5 %) significantly increased IGF-1 than 18 ≤ years older (WMD:-1.038 ng/ml, 95 % CI: -3.578,1.502,I2 = 78.0 %). Following dose-response evaluation, metformin intake reduced IGF-1 (coefficient for dose-response analysis= -13.14, P = 0.041 and coefficient for liner analysis= -0.066, P = 0.038) significantly based on treatment duration.

    CONCLUSION: We found in children, intervention duration <12 weeks yielded significant reductions in IGF-1, whilst paradoxically, in participants >18 years old, metformin intake significantly increased IGF-1. We suggest that caution be taken when interpreting the findings of this review, particularly given the discordant supplementation practices between children and adults.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  16. Reliability of the reported ingested dose of acetaminophen for predicting the risk of toxicity in acetaminophen overdose patients
    Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA
    Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2012 Feb;21(2):207-13.
    PMID: 21812068 DOI: 10.1002/pds.2218
    The present study examines the relationship between the dose of acetaminophen reported to have been ingested by patients and the occurrence of serum acetaminophen levels above the 'possible toxicity' line in patients presenting at the hospital after acetaminophen overdose. The prognostic value of patient-reported dosage cut-offs of 8, 10 and 12 g was determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  17. Impact of serum acetaminophen concentration on changes in serum potassium, creatinine and urea concentrations among patients with acetaminophen overdose
    Zyoud SH, Awang R, Sulaiman SA, Al-Jabi SW
    Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf, 2011 Feb;20(2):203-8.
    PMID: 21254292 DOI: 10.1002/pds.2060
    Acetaminophen overdose may be accompanied by electrolyte disturbances. The basis for electrolyte change appears to be due to increased fractional urinary electrolyte excretion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  18. Enhancement of β-secretase inhibition and antioxidant activities of tempeh, a fermented soybean cake through enrichment of bioactive aglycones
    Ahmad A, Ramasamy K, Majeed AB, Mani V
    Pharm Biol, 2015 May;53(5):758-66.
    PMID: 25756802 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.942791
    Soybean and its fermented products are the most common source of isoflavones in human food.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  19. Antioxidative and chemopreventive effects of Nephrolepis biserrata against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced oxidative stress and hepatic dysfunction in rats
    Shah MD, Gnanaraj C, Haque AT, Iqbal M
    Pharm Biol, 2015 Jan;53(1):31-9.
    PMID: 25243876 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.909502
    Nephrolepis biserrata L. (Nephrolepidaceae) has been used in folk medicine for protection against different diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  20. Multi-constituent synergism is responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of Azadirachta indica leaf extract
    Umar MI, Asmawi MZ, Sadikun A, Abdul Majid AM, Atangwho IJ, Khadeer Ahamed MB, et al.
    Pharm Biol, 2014 Nov;52(11):1411-22.
    PMID: 25026347 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.895017
    Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceaes) leaves have been used traditionally to treat swelling and rheumatism in Indian cultures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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