Displaying publications 1721 - 1740 of 8279 in total

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  1. Mild homozygous high a2-type beta thalassaemia
    Ganesan J, Gill SS, Lie-Injo LE
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Jun;28(4):229-33.
    PMID: 4278391
    Matched MeSH terms: Thalassemia/genetics*
  2. Family with hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin
    Boon WH
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Sep;23(1):61-6.
    PMID: 4237561
    Matched MeSH terms: Hemoglobinopathies/genetics*
  3. Klinefelter's syndrome, a case report
    Kutty MK, Dutt AK, Lopez G, Ramanathan K, Pillay DR, Omar-Ahmad UD
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Sep;23(1):51-3.
    PMID: 4237557
    Matched MeSH terms: Klinefelter Syndrome/genetics*
  4. The role of kin-structured migration in genetic microdifferentiation
    Fix AG
    Ann. Hum. Genet., 1978 Jan;41(3):329-39.
    PMID: 626477
    Most current models of human population structure view migration solely as a deterministic force reducing the variance in gene frequencies among the local colonies of a subdivided population. By an empirical example and through simulation experiments, it is shown that migration structured along kinship lines (by analogy to the lineal or 'kinship' effect) does not always reduce the variances of gene frequencies arising through intergenerational random genetic drift. Thus populations experiencing high rates of migration may not be genetically homogenous.
    Matched MeSH terms: Genetics, Population*
  5. Hereditary haemolytic anaemias in West Malaysia
    Lopez CG, Lie-Injo Luan Eng
    Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):101-6.
    PMID: 4244132
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Hemolytic/genetics*
  6. Sickle-cell anaemia in an Indian family in Johore
    Kim CK, Durham NA
    Med J Malaya, 1965 Mar;19(3):172-83.
    PMID: 4220469
    Matched MeSH terms: Anemia, Sickle Cell/genetics*
  7. Glanzmann disease (thrombasthenia)--A case report
    Zulkifli A
    Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):174-5.
    PMID: 575788
    Matched MeSH terms: Purpura, Thrombocytopenic/genetics*
  8. Fulltext Origin and diversity of an underutilized fruit tree crop, cempedak (Artocarpus integer, Moraceae)
    Wang MMH, Gardner EM, Chung RCK, Chew MY, Milan AR, Pereira JT, et al.
    Am J Bot, 2018 05;105(5):898-914.
    PMID: 29874392 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1094
    PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Underutilized crops and their wild relatives are important resources for crop improvement and food security. Cempedak [Artocarpus integer (Thunb). Merr.] is a significant crop in Malaysia but underutilized elsewhere. Here we performed molecular characterization of cempedak and its putative wild relative bangkong (Artocarpus integer (Thunb). Merr. var. silvestris Corner) to address questions regarding the origin and diversity of cempedak.

    METHODS: Using data from 12 microsatellite loci, we assessed the genetic diversity and genetic/geographic structure for 353 cempedak and 175 bangkong accessions from Malaysia and neighboring countries and employed clonal analysis to characterize cempedak cultivars. We conducted haplotype network analyses on the trnH-psbA region in a subset of these samples. We also analyzed key vegetative characters that reportedly differentiate cempedak and bangkong.

    KEY RESULTS: We show that cempedak and bangkong are sister taxa and distinct genetically and morphologically, but the directionality of domestication origin is unclear. Genetic diversity was generally higher in bangkong than in cempedak. We found a distinct genetic cluster for cempedak from Borneo as compared to cempedak from Peninsular Malaysia. Finally, cempedak cultivars with the same names did not always share the same genetic fingerprint.

    CONCLUSIONS: Cempedak origins are complex, with likely admixture and hybridization with bangkong, warranting further investigation. We provide a baseline of genetic diversity of cempedak and bangkong in Malaysia and found that germplasm collections in Malaysia represent diverse coverage of the four cempedak genetic clusters detected.

    Matched MeSH terms: Artocarpus/genetics*
  9. Transcriptome profiling of immune-responsive genes in the intestine of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther challenged with Shewanella algae
    Han Z, Sun J, Lv A, Xian JA, Sung YY, Sun X, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2018 Sep;80:291-301.
    PMID: 29886138 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.007
    To better understand gene expression in the intestine after Shewanella algae infection and provide insights into its immune roles in the tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, sequencing-based high-throughput RNA analysis (RNA-Seq) for the intestines between the control group and 12 h post-injection group was performed. After assembly, there was an average of 23,957,159 raw sequencing reads, and 23,943,491 clean reads were obtained after filtering out low-quality reads. Then, 383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the intestines in response to S. algae infection were identified. Subsequently, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the DEGs were conducted to further explore their functions. Among all of the pathways involved, sixteen pathways were related to the immune system, among which the complement and coagulation cascades pathway was the most prominent for immunity-related DEGs, followed by the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway. Furthermore, the expression levels of twelve selected DEGs in the immune-related pathways were identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, substantiating the reliability and reproducibility of the RNA-Seq results. In summary, this study represents an important genomic resource for understanding the potential immune role of the tongue sole intestine from the perspective of gene expression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Flounder/genetics*
  10. Fulltext Transcriptome Analysis and Differential Gene Expression on the Testis of Orange Mud Crab, Scylla olivacea, during Sexual Maturation
    Waiho K, Fazhan H, Shahreza MS, Moh JH, Noorbaiduri S, Wong LL, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(1):e0171095.
    PMID: 28135340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171095
    Adequate genetic information is essential for sustainable crustacean fisheries and aquaculture management. The commercially important orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea, is prevalent in Southeast Asia region and is highly sought after. Although it is a suitable aquaculture candidate, full domestication of this species is hampered by the lack of knowledge about the sexual maturation process and the molecular mechanisms behind it, especially in males. To date, data on its whole genome is yet to be reported for S. olivacea. The available transcriptome data published previously on this species focus primarily on females and the role of central nervous system in reproductive development. De novo transcriptome sequencing for the testes of S. olivacea from immature, maturing and mature stages were performed. A total of approximately 144 million high-quality reads were generated and de novo assembled into 160,569 transcripts with a total length of 142.2 Mb. Approximately 15-23% of the total assembled transcripts were annotated when compared to public protein sequence databases (i.e. UniProt database, Interpro database, Pfam database and Drosophila melanogaster protein database), and GO-categorised with GO Ontology terms. A total of 156,181 high-quality Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were mined from the transcriptome data of present study. Transcriptome comparison among the testes of different maturation stages revealed one gene (beta crystallin like gene) with the most significant differential expression-up-regulated in immature stage and down-regulated in maturing and mature stages. This was further validated by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, a comprehensive transcriptome of the testis of orange mud crabs from different maturation stages were obtained. This report provides an invaluable resource for enhancing our understanding of this species' genome structure and biology, as expressed and controlled by their gonads.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brachyura/genetics*; Reproduction/genetics; RNA, Messenger/genetics; Sexual Maturation/genetics*; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics; beta-Crystallins/genetics; Transcriptome/genetics
  11. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia
    Takaoka H, Sofian-Azirun M, Ya'cob Z, Chen CD, Lau KW, Low VL, et al.
    Acta Trop, 2017 May;169:170-186.
    PMID: 28115156 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.016
    Surveys of pupae and larvae of black flies were carried out in Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores in the Lesser Sunda Archipelago, Indonesia, where 10 species were known. A total of 14 simuliid species including four new species and five new records of the genus Simulium were collected, bringing the number of species from the Lesser Sunda Archipelago to 19. They are classified into four subgenera: two in Nevermannia, nine in Gomphostilbia, seven in Simulium and one in Wallacellum. One of four new species, Simulium (Simulium) baliense, is described based on females, males, pupae and larvae from Bali and Lombok. This new species, which is placed in the Simulium striatum species-group of the subgenus Simulium, is closely related to S. (S.) argyrocinctum De Meijere from Java and Sumatra, but it is distinguished from the latter species by the smaller number of the male enlarged upper-eye facets and larval abdomen lacking dorsal pairs of conical protuberances. The distribution record of S. (S.) upikae Takaoka & Davies from Flores is corrected as that of S. (S.) eximium De Meijere. Some aberrant characters of the pupal gill filaments of S. (G.) atratum De Meijere, S. (G.) floresense Takaoka, Hadi & Sigit and S. (G.) sunapii Takaoka, Sofian-Azirun & Suana are illustrated. Characteristics of the fauna of black flies in this archipelago are briefly noted. Keys to all 19 species are provided for females, males, pupae and larvae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Simuliidae/genetics
  12. Identification of Rickettsial Infections (Rickettsia sp. TH2014) in Ctenocephalides orientis Fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)
    Kho KL, Tay ST
    J Med Entomol, 2019 02 25;56(2):526-532.
    PMID: 30312440 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy169
    Rickettsia felis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) is an emergent human pathogen that causes febrile illnesses in various parts of the world. This study describes the identification and growth characteristics of a R. felis-like organism (designated as Rickettsia sp. TH2014) cultured from Ctenocephalides orientis fleas in rural Malaysia. In this study, culturing of rickettsiae from filtered triturated flea lysates was performed in Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells. Cytopathic effects were observed from one of the samples 4 d post-inoculation. Electron microscopy revealed actively replicating intracytosolic coccobacillary organisms in the rickettsia-infected cells. Sequence analysis of amplified citrate synthase (gltA) gene fragment shows complete match of the rickettsia with Rickettsia sp. Rf31 in Southeast Asia, and 'Candidatus Rickettsia senegalensis' strain PU01-02 in Africa. The whole-genome sequence of Rickettsia sp. TH2014 was determined and assembled. The estimated genome size and guanine + cytosine content of the rickettsia are 1.37 Mb and 32.9%, respectively. The high values of average nucleotide identity and tetra-nucleotide signature correlation index obtained from pairwise genome comparison study suggest the identification of the rickettsia as R. felis. The whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis demonstrates close genetic relatedness of the rickettsia with R. felis and Rickettsia asemboensis. However, based on sequence analyses of rickettsial genes (16S rDNA, gltA, ompB, and sca4), Rickettsia sp. TH2014 is found to be distinct from R. felis and R. asemboensis. The sequence analyses reveal that Rickettsia sp. TH2014 is highly similar to 'Ca. Rickettsia senegalensis' detected in fleas from Africa, Asia, and North America. Further investigation to provide insights on pathogenic potential and transmission dynamics of the rickettsia is warranted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Rickettsia/genetics
  13. Fulltext Genotypic and Phenotypic Relationship among Yield Components in Rice under Tropical Conditions
    Oladosu Y, Rafii MY, Magaji U, Abdullah N, Miah G, Chukwu SC, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:8936767.
    PMID: 30105259 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8936767
    The associations among yield-related traits and the pattern of influence on rice grain yield were investigated. This evaluation is important to determine the direct and indirect effects of various traits on yield to determine selection criteria for higher grain yield. Fifteen rice genotypes were evaluated under tropical condition at five locations in two planting seasons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications across the locations. Data were collected on vegetative and yield components traits. The pooled data based on the analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.001) among the fifteen genotypes for all the characters studied except for panicle length and 100-grain weight. Highly significant and positive correlations at phenotypic level were observed in grain weight per hill (0.796), filled grains per panicle (0.702), panicles per hill (0.632), and tillers per hill (0.712) with yield per hectare, while moderate positive correlations were observed in flag leaf length to width ratio (0.348), days to flowering (0.412), and days to maturity (0.544). By contrast, unfilled grains per panicle (-0.225) and plant height (-0.342) had a negative significant association with yield per hectare. Filled grains per panicle (0.491) exhibited the maximum positive direct effect on yield followed by grain weight per hill (0.449), while unfilled grain per panicle (-0.144) had a negative direct effect. The maximum indirect effect on yield per hectare was recorded by the tillers per hill through the panicles per hill. Therefore, tillers per hill, filled grains per panicle, and grain weight per hill could be used as selection criteria for improving grain yield in rice.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/genetics*
  14. Fulltext PalmXplore: oil palm gene database
    Sanusi NSNM, Rosli R, Halim MAA, Chan KL, Nagappan J, Azizi N, et al.
    Database (Oxford), 2018 01 01;2018.
    PMID: 30239681 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay095
    A set of Elaeis guineensis genes had been generated by combining two gene prediction pipelines: Fgenesh++ developed by Softberry and Seqping by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board. PalmXplore was developed to provide a scalable data repository and a user-friendly search engine system to efficiently store, manage and retrieve the oil palm gene sequences and annotations. Information deposited in PalmXplore includes predicted genes, their genomic coordinates, as well as the annotations derived from external databases, such as Pfam, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Information about genes related to important traits, such as those involved in fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) and disease resistance, is also provided. The system offers Basic Local Alignment Search Tool homology search, where the results can be downloaded or visualized in the oil palm genome browser (MYPalmViewer). PalmXplore is regularly updated offering new features, improvements to genome annotation and new genomic sequences. The system is freely accessible at http://palmxplore.mpob.gov.my.
    Matched MeSH terms: Arecaceae/genetics*
  15. Fulltext The Streptococcus pneumoniaeyefM-yoeB and relBE Toxin-Antitoxin Operons Participate in Oxidative Stress and Biofilm Formation
    Chan WT, Domenech M, Moreno-Córdoba I, Navarro-Martínez V, Nieto C, Moscoso M, et al.
    Toxins (Basel), 2018 09 18;10(9).
    PMID: 30231554 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10090378
    Type II (proteic) toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are widely distributed among bacteria and archaea. They are generally organized as operons integrated by two genes, the first encoding the antitoxin that binds to its cognate toxin to generate a harmless protein⁻protein complex. Under stress conditions, the unstable antitoxin is degraded by host proteases, releasing the toxin to achieve its toxic effect. In the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae we have characterized four TAs: pezAT, relBE, yefM-yoeB, and phD-doc, although the latter is missing in strain R6. We have assessed the role of the two yefM-yoeB and relBE systems encoded by S. pneumoniae R6 by construction of isogenic strains lacking one or two of the operons, and by complementation assays. We have analyzed the phenotypes of the wild type and mutants in terms of cell growth, response to environmental stress, and ability to generate biofilms. Compared to the wild-type, the mutants exhibited lower resistance to oxidative stress. Further, strains deleted in yefM-yoeB and the double mutant lacking yefM-yoeB and relBE exhibited a significant reduction in their ability for biofilm formation. Complementation assays showed that defective phenotypes were restored to wild type levels. We conclude that these two loci may play a relevant role in these aspects of the S. pneumoniae lifestyle and contribute to the bacterial colonization of new niches.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Toxins/genetics*
  16. Morphological and Molecular Analyses of Simulium rufibasis (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand
    Takaoka H, Srisuka W, Low VL, Saeung A
    J Med Entomol, 2019 02 25;56(2):408-415.
    PMID: 30398654 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy180
    A man-biting black fly species so far regarded as Simulium rufibasis Brunetti in Thailand was morphologically analyzed. It was found to be almost indistinguishable in the female from S. rufibasis sensu stricto but distinguishable in the male by the slender fore basitarsus and abdominal segments 2, 6, and 7 each with a pair of shiny dorsolateral patches, and in the pupa by the absence of spine-combs on abdominal segment 7 and terminal hooks on segment 9. It is described as a new species, Simulium tenebrosum. Taxonomic notes are given to separate it from all 11 known species of the S. rufibasis subgroup of the Simulium (Simulium) tuberosum species-group. An analysis of the COI gene sequences shows that this new species is distantly separated from the closely related species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Simuliidae/genetics
  17. Role of pharmacogenomics in the drug development
    Suvarna BS
    Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ), 2010 1 15;7(26):172-6.
    PMID: 20071855
    Individuals respond differently to drugs and sometimes the effects are unpredictable. Differences in DNA that alter the expression or function of proteins targeted by drugs can contribute significantly to the variation in the individuals responses. The use of pharmacogenomics is to identify genetic polymorphisms that predispose patients to adverse drug effects that, although they may occur in only a small subset of the people treated with a new medication, are sufficiently toxic to jeopardise further development of the drug for all patients. Given the potential value of knowing all the possible factors that influence the effects of new agents, it is likely that pharmacogenomics will have an increasingly important role in drug discovery and development. This article briefly reviews concepts that underlie the emerging fields of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, with an emphasis on the pharmacogenetics of drug metabolism. Although only a few examples will be provided to illustrate concepts and to demonstrate the potential contribution of pharmacogenetics to medical practice, it is now clear that virtually every pathway of drug metabolism will eventually be found to have genetic variation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Inactivation, Metabolic/genetics; Pharmacogenetics*
  18. Analysis of variants of AKT1 in schizophrenia multiplex families
    Chow TJ, Tee SF, Loh SY, Yong HS, Abu Bakar AK, Tang PY
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2020 Mar;49:101957.
    PMID: 32078952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.101957
    Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/genetics*
  19. Genetic diversity and differentiation in the blackflies Simulium cheongi, Simulium jeffreyi and Simulium vanluni (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Peninsular Malaysia
    Pavitra SP, Ya'cob Z, Tan TK, Lim YAL, Low VL
    Acta Trop, 2020 May;205:105415.
    PMID: 32088275 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105415
    The population genetic structures of S. vanluni, S. cheongi and S. jeffreyi were determined from mitochondria-encoded sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunits I (COI) across different states in Peninsular Malaysia. High levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation were observed among three species. All three species revealed an intermediate level of gene flow among the populations. Negative values of Fu's Fs and low values of Raggedness index supported the hypothesis of population expansion in S. vanluni, S. cheongi and S. jeffreyi.
    Matched MeSH terms: Simuliidae/genetics*
  20. Population Genetic Structure and Breeding Pattern of Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Malaysia
    Seri Masran SNA, Ab Majid AH
    J Med Entomol, 2019 06 27;56(4):942-952.
    PMID: 30882146 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz024
    The surge in tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) infestations has led to an increase in genomic studies. In this study, the population genetics and breeding patterns of 22 Malaysian populations were analyzed, including genetic differentiation and genetic distance. For seven microsatellite loci, the number of alleles varied from 6 to 14. The allelels per loci contrasted sharply between the overall population and within the populations. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.280 and 0.828 for the overall population and 0.281 and 0.657 among the populations, respectively. Based on polymorphic information criteria, the markers with a value >0.5 were highly polymorphic. In the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the loci of Ch 09ttn, Ch 01dn, and Ch 13dn of the overall population showed signs of a null allele. The stutter peaks caused no scoring errors; large allele dropouts were not detected for any loci; and a correlation imbalance was not indicated. The genetic differentiation among populations was moderate, with a coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) of 0.144. The bed bug populations showed strong inbreeding, with highly positive coefficients of inbreeding (FIS). The molecular variation attributed to inbreeding was 83% within the populations, compared with 17% among the populations. The admixture individuals in STRUCTURE and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees also indicated weak genetic structure in the geographical populations, suggesting moderate gene flows between populations. Thus, moderately active dispersion and human-mediated transport shaped the genetic structure of C. hemipterus populations in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bedbugs/genetics*
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