Displaying publications 161 - 172 of 172 in total

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  1. Fulltext Effect of a Screening and Education Programme on Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Regarding Osteoporosis among Malaysians
    Chan CY, Subramaniam S, Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S, Muhammad N, Fairus A, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 May 17;19(10).
    PMID: 35627609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106072
    Background: Osteoporosis is an emerging geriatric condition with high morbidity and healthcare cost in developing nations experiencing rapid population ageing. Thus, identifying strategies to prevent osteoporosis is critical in safeguarding skeletal health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a bone health screening and education programme on knowledge, beliefs, and practice regarding osteoporosis among Malaysians aged 40 years and above. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2018 to August 2019. During the first phase of the study, 400 Malaysians (190 men, 210 women) aged ≥ 40 years were recruited in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Information on subjects’ demography, medical history, knowledge, and beliefs regarding osteoporosis, physical activity status, and dietary and lifestyle practices were obtained. Subjects also underwent body anthropometry measurement and bone mineral density scan (hip and lumbar spine) using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry device. Six months after the first screening, similar investigations were carried out on the subjects. Results: During the follow-up session, 72 subjects were lost to follow up. Most of them were younger subjects with a lower awareness of healthy practices. A significant increase in knowledge, beliefs (p < 0.05), calcium supplement intake (p < 0.001), and dietary calcium intake (p = 0.036) and a reduction in coffee intake (p < 0.001) were found among subjects who attended the follow-up. In this study, the percentage of successful referrals was 41.86%. Subjects with osteoporosis were mostly prescribed alendronate plus vitamin D3 by medical doctors, and they followed the prescribed treatment accordingly. Conclusions: The bone health screening and education programmes in this study are effective in changing knowledge, beliefs, and practice regarding osteoporosis. The information is pertinent to policymakers in planning strategies to prevent osteoporosis and its associated problems among the middle-aged and elderly population in Malaysia. Nevertheless, a more comprehensive bone health education program that includes long-term monitoring and consultation is needed to halt the progression of bone loss.
  2. Fulltext Therapeutic Approach of Flavonoid in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting Mitochondrial-Induced Oxidative Stress
    Sapian S, Taib IS, Latip J, Katas H, Chin KY, Mohd Nor NA, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Oct 27;22(21).
    PMID: 34769045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111616
    Diabetes cardiomyopathy is one of the key factors of mortality among diabetic patients around the globe. One of the prior contributors to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. The cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction can induce oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and was found to be the cause of majority of the heart morphological and dynamical changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. To slow down the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy, it is crucial to discover therapeutic agents that target mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress. Flavonoid is a plentiful phytochemical in plants that shows a wide range of biological actions against human diseases. Flavonoids have been extensively documented for their ability to protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy. Flavonoids' ability to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily attributed to their antioxidant properties. In this review, we present the mechanisms involved in flavonoid therapies in ameliorating mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy.
  3. Fulltext The effects of E'Jiao on body composition, bone marrow adiposity and skeletal redox status in ovariectomised rats
    Ekeuku SO, Chin KY, Qian J, Zhang Y, Qu H, Ahmad F, et al.
    Int J Med Sci, 2023;20(13):1711-1721.
    PMID: 37928881 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.84604
    Background: Menopause is accompanied by increased oxidative stress, partly contributing to weight gain and bone marrow adiposity. Traditional Chinese medication, E'Jiao, has been demonstrated to reduce excessive bone remodelling during oestrogen deprivation, but its effects on body composition and bone marrow adiposity during menopause remain elusive. Objective: To determine the effects of E'Jiao on body composition, bone marrow adiposity and skeletal redox status in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Methods: Seven groups of three-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were established (n=6/group): baseline, sham, OVX control, OVX-treated with low, medium or high-dose E'Jiao (0.26, 0.53, 1.06 g/kg, p.o.) or calcium carbonate (1% in tap water, ad libitum). The supplementation was terminated after 8 weeks. Whole-body composition analysis was performed monthly using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of bone-marrow adipocyte numbers and skeletal antioxidant activities were performed on the femur. Results: Increased total mass, lean mass, and bone marrow adipocyte number were observed in the OVX control versus the sham group. Low-dose E'Jiao supplementation counteracted these changes. Besides, E'Jiao at all doses increased skeletal catalase and superoxide dismutase activities but lowered glutathione levels in the OVX rats. Skeletal malondialdehyde level was not affected by ovariectomy but was lowered with E'Jiao supplementation. However, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma protein expression was not affected by ovariectomy or any treatment. Conclusion: E'Jiao, especially at the low dose, prevented body composition changes and bone marrow adiposity due to ovariectomy. These changes could be mediated by the antioxidant actions of E'Jiao. It has the potential to be used among postmenopausal women to avoid adiposity.
  4. Fulltext Effects of emulsified and non-emulsified palm tocotrienol on bone and joint health in ovariectomised rats with monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis
    Ekeuku SO, Nor Muhamad ML, Aminuddin AA, Ahmad F, Wong SK, Mark-Lee WF, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2024 Jan;170:115998.
    PMID: 38091638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115998
    Postmenopausal women are susceptible to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Tocotrienol, a bone-protective nutraceutical, is reported to prevent osteoarthritis in male rats. However, its efficacy on joint health in oestrogen deficiency has not been validated. Besides, data on the use of emulsification systems in enhancing bioavailability and protective effects of tocotrienol are limited. Ovariectomised adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were treated with refined olive oil, emulsified (EPT, 100 mg/kg/day with 25% vitamin E content), non-emulsified palm tocotrienol (NEPT, 100 mg/kg/day with 50% vitamin E content) and calcium carbonate (1% w/v in drinking water) plus glucosamine sulphate (250 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Osteoarthritis was induced with monosodium iodoacetate four weeks after ovariectomy. Baseline control was sacrificed upon receipt, while the sham group was not ovariectomised and treated with refined olive oil. EPT and NEPT prevented femoral metaphyseal and subchondral bone volume decline caused by ovariectomy. EPT decreased subchondral trabecular separation compared to the negative control. EPT preserved stiffness and Young's Modulus at the femoral mid-shaft of the rats. Circulating RANKL was reduced post-treatment in the EPT group. Joint width was reduced in all the treatment groups vs the negative control. The EPT group's grip strength was significantly improved over the negative control and NEPT group. EPT also preserved cartilage histology based on several Mankin's subscores. EPT performed as effectively as NEPT in preventing osteoporosis and osteoarthritis in ovariectomised rats despite containing less vitamin E content. This study justifies clinical trials for the use of EPT in postmenopausal women with both conditions.
  5. Testosterone is associated with age-related changes in bone health status, muscle strength and body composition in men
    Chin KY, Soelaiman IN, Naina Mohamed I, Shahar S, Teng NI, Suhana Mohd Ramli E, et al.
    Aging Male, 2012 Dec;15(4):240-5.
    PMID: 23098182 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2012.724740
    OBJECTIVE: Variations in testosterone levels are associated with several outcomes of aging. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between age-related decline of testosterone levels and changes in bone health status, handgrip strength, body fat percentage and fat-free mass.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 335 Malaysian Chinese and Malay men aged 40 years and above were recruited for this study. Their body compositions, calcaneal speed of sound and handgrip strength were measured and their blood was collected. Linear regression analysis was done to examine the relationship among age, testosterone levels and outcomes of aging.
    RESULTS: The results indicated significant changes in all testosterone measurements, sex hormone binding globulin level, calcaneal speed of sound, handgrip strength, body fat percentage and fat-free mass with age (p < 0.05). Age-dependent decline in bioavailable and free testosterone levels were significantly associated with reduction in calcaneal speed of sound, fat-free mass and handgrip strength (p < 0.05). Age-dependent decline in the total testosterone level was significantly associated with an increase in body fat percentage among the elderly men (p < 0.05).
    CONCLUSION: Testosterone levels are associated with changes in outcome of aging such as bone health status, muscle strength and body composition, and the relationships are age-dependent.
  6. Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound value for middle-aged and elderly Malaysian Chinese men and its association with age and body anthropometry
    Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S, Isa Naina M, Norazlina M, Ahmad Nazrun S, Norliza M, et al.
    J Clin Densitom, 2012 Jan-Mar;15(1):86-91.
    PMID: 22169197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2011.09.004
    Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is a relatively easy, reliable, and safe method for bone status assessment, but reference data for Asian males remain scarce. Our study aimed to determine the values for one QUS parameter, the speed of sound (SOS) at the calcaneus, in Malaysian Chinese men and to determine the association between the SOS and several demographic characteristics, such as age, weight, height, and body mass index. Three hundred forty-eight Malaysian Chinese men aged 40 yr and older were recruited, and their calcaneal QUS value was determined using the CM-200 densitometer (Furuno Electric, Nishinomiya City, Japan). The results indicated a significant correlation between SOS and age, and multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that age and height were important predictors of SOS. A significant reduction in SOS value was observed when men 60 yr and older were compared with men aged 40-49 yr. Compared with the reference data for Japanese males, Chinese men in Malaysia showed higher SOS values across all the age groups studied. In conclusion, there is an age-related decrease in SOS values in Malaysian Chinese men, and the SOS values established in this study can be used as a reference for future studies.
  7. Fulltext The Effects of Annatto Tocotrienol Supplementation on Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in an Animal Model of Osteoarthritis Induced by Monosodium Iodoacetate
    Chin KY, Wong SK, Japar Sidik FZ, Abdul Hamid J, Abas NH, Mohd Ramli ES, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 08 13;16(16).
    PMID: 31412648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162897
    Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which primarily affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bones. Since there is an underlying localized inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, compounds like tocotrienol with anti-inflammatory properties may be able to retard its progression. This study aimed to determine the effects of oral tocotrienol supplementation on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (three-month-old) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were induced with osteoarthritis (single injection of MIA at week 0) and another served as the sham group. Three of the four groups with osteoarthritis were supplemented with annatto tocotrienol at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day orally for five weeks. At week 5, all rats were sacrificed, and their tibial-femoral joints were harvested for analysis. The results indicated that the groups which received annatto tocotrienol at 100 and 150 mg/kg/day had lower histological scores and cartilage remodeling markers. Annatto tocotrienol at 150 mg/kg/day significantly lowered the osteocalcin levels and osteoclast surface of subchondral bone. In conclusion, annatto tocotrienol may potentially retard the progression of osteoarthritis. Future studies to confirm its mechanism of joint protection should be performed.
  8. Fulltext Recent Developments in Rodent Models of High-Fructose Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review
    Chan AML, Ng AMH, Mohd Yunus MH, Idrus RBH, Law JX, Yazid MD, et al.
    Nutrients, 2021 Jul 22;13(8).
    PMID: 34444658 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082497
    Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the physiological clustering of hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The MetS-related chronic illnesses encompass obesity, the cardiovascular system, renal operation, hepatic function, oncology, and mortality. To perform pre-clinical research, it is imperative that these symptoms be successfully induced and optimized in lower taxonomy. Therefore, novel and future applications for a disease model, if proven valid, can be extrapolated to humans. MetS model establishment is evaluated based on the significance of selected test parameters, paradigm shifts from new discoveries, and the accessibility of the latest technology or advanced methodologies. Ultimately, the outcome of animal studies should be advantageous for human clinical trials and solidify their position in advanced medicine for clinicians to treat and adapt to serious or specific medical situations. Rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus) have been ideal models for mammalian studies since the 18th century and have been mapped extensively. This review compiles and compares studies published in the past five years between the multitude of rodent comparative models. The response factors, niche parameters, and replicability of diet protocols are also compiled and analyzed to offer insight into MetS-related disease-specific modelling.
  9. Fulltext Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Vitamin D and Its Relationship with Vitamin D Status among Malay Female Office Workers
    Jamil NA, Shahudin NN, Abdul Aziz NS, Jia Qi C, Wan Aminuddin WAA, Mat Ludin AF, et al.
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 11 27;16(23).
    PMID: 31783521 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234735
    This study assessed knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) related to vitamin D and its relationship with vitamin D status among Malay female office workers. A total of 147 women aged between 20 and 55 years were recruited from a university in Kuala Lumpur. They answered questionnaires related to KAP on vitamin D, sun exposure, dietary vitamin D intake and physical activity. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) was analysed using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Nearly half (45%) of the subjects had good knowledge but moderate attitude (76%) and practice (84%) towards sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake. Median serum 25OHD was 34.1 nmol/L with the majority (91%) had vitamin D insufficiency (25OHD < 50 nmol/L). Knowledge was weakly associated with attitude (r = 0.29, p < 0.001) but no association was found between knowledge and practice (r = 0.08, p = 0.355) nor attitude and practice (r = -0.001, p = 0.994). Serum 25OHD was positively associated with sunlight exposure (r = 0.22, p = 0.008) and dietary vitamin D intake (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). It can be implied that this group is at increased risk of low bone health status, which highlights the needs of public health campaigns to improve their vitamin D status.
  10. Fulltext Establishing an Animal Model of Secondary Osteoporosis by Using a Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist
    Mohamad NV, Che Zulkepli MAA, May Theseira K, Zulkifli N, Shahrom NQ, Ridzuan NAM, et al.
    Int J Med Sci, 2018;15(4):300-308.
    PMID: 29511366 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.22732
    Introduction: Orchidectomy is currently the preferred method to induce bone loss in preclinical male osteoporosis model. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists used in prostate cancer treatment can induce testosterone deficiency but its effects on bone in preclinical male osteoporosis model are less studied. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the skeletal effect of buserelin (a GnRH agonist) in male rats and compare it with orchidectomy. Methods: Forty-six three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three experimental arms. The baseline arm (n=6) was sacrificed at the onset of the study. In the buserelin arm, the rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of either normal saline (n=8), buserelin acetate at 25 µg/kg (n=8) or 75 µg/kg (n=8). In the orchidectomy arm, the rats were either sham-operated (n=8) or orchidectomized (n=8). All groups underwent in-vivo X-ray micro-computed tomography scanning at the left proximal tibia every month. Blood was collected at the beginning and the end of the study for testosterone level evaluation. The rats were euthanized after the three-month treatment. The femurs were harvested for biomechanical strength and bone calcium determination. Results: The results showed that buserelin at both doses caused a significant decline in testosterone level and deterioration in bone microstructure (p<0.05), but did not affect bone calcium content (p>0.05). Buserelin at 25 µg/kg decreased displacement and strain of the femur significantly (p<0.05). Similar changes were observed in the orchidectomized group compared to the sham-operated group but without any significant changes in biomechanical strength (p>0.05). Conclusion: Buserelin can induce testosterone deficiency and the associated deterioration of bone microarchitecture similar to orchidectomy in three months. However, it may require a longer time to show significant effects on bone strength and mineral content.
  11. Comparing the performance of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio in predicting Malaysians with excess adiposity
    Low NY, Chan CY, Subramaniam S, Chin KY, Ima Nirwana S, Muhammad N, et al.
    Ann Hum Biol, 2022 Dec;49(7-8):299-304.
    PMID: 36373795 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2147585
    BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is a widely used surrogate tool to screen for obesity/adiposity, but it cannot differentiate between lean and fat mass. Thus, alternative tools to detect excess adiposity should be identified.

    AIM: This study aimed to compare the performance of BMI, waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) in predicting Malaysians with excess body fat defined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

    SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 399 men and women aged ≥40 years were recruited from Klang Valley, Malaysia. The body composition of the subjects, including body fat percentage, was measured by DXA. The weight, height, WC and WHtR of the subjects were also determined.

    RESULTS: BMI [sensitivity = 55.7%, specificity = 86.1%, area under curve (AUC) = 0.709] and WC (sensitivity = 62.7%, specificity = 90.3%, AUC = 0.765) performed moderately in predicting excess adiposity. Their performance and sensitivity improved with lower cut-off values. The performance of WHtR (sensitivity = 96.6%, specificity = 36.1, AUC = 0.664) was optimal at the standard cut-off value and no modification was required.

    CONCLUSION: The performance of WC in identifying excess adiposity was greater than BMI and WHtR based on AUC values. Modification of cut-off values for BMI and WC could improve their performance and should be considered by healthcare providers in screening individuals with excess adiposity.

  12. Fulltext Serum Metabolomic Alteration in Rats with Osteoarthritis Treated with Palm Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Alone or in Combination with Glucosamine Sulphate
    Ekeuku SO, Tan JK, Al-Saadi HM, Ahmad F, Elvy Suhana MR, Arlamsyah AM, et al.
    Life (Basel), 2023 Dec 15;13(12).
    PMID: 38137944 DOI: 10.3390/life13122343
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition with limited disease-modifying treatments currently. Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been previously shown to be effective against OA, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. This study aims to compare serum metabolomic alteration in Sprague-Dawley rats with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA which were treated with palm TRF, glucosamine sulphate, or a combination of both. This study was performed on thirty adult male rats, which were divided into normal control (n = 6) and OA groups (n = 24). The OA group received intra-articular injections of MIA and daily oral treatments of refined olive oil (vehicle, n = 6), palm TRF (100 mg/kg, n = 6), glucosamine sulphate (250 mg/kg, n = 6), or a combination of TRF and glucosamine (n = 6) for four weeks. Serum was collected at the study's conclusion for metabolomic analysis. The findings revealed that MIA-induced OA influences amino acid metabolism, leading to changes in metabolites associated with the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan as well as alterations in the metabolism of phenylalanine, tryptophan, arginine and proline. Supplementation with glucosamine sulphate, TRF, or both effectively reversed these metabolic changes induced by OA. The amelioration of metabolic effects induced by OA is linked to the therapeutic effects of TRF and glucosamine. However, it remains unclear whether these effects are direct or indirect in nature.
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