Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 230 in total

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  1. Fulltext Effectiveness of injury prevention programs on developing quadriceps and hamstrings strength of young male professional soccer players
    Daneshjoo A, Rahnama N, Mokhtar AH, Yusof A
    J Hum Kinet, 2013 Dec 18;39:115-25.
    PMID: 24511347 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0074
    Muscular strength is an important factor which is crucial for performance and injury prevention in most sports. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the FIFA's Medical Assessment and Research Centre 11+ and HarmoKnee injury prevention programs on knee strength of young professional male soccer players. Thirty-six soccer players (age: 18.9 ± 1.4 years) were divided equally into three groups; the 11+, HarmoKnee and control groups. The programs were performed for 24 sessions. Hamstring and quadriceps strength was measured using the Biodex System 3 at 30°, 60° and 90° of knee flexion. The 11+ increased quadriceps strength in the dominant leg by 19.7% and 47.8% at 60°and 90° knee flexion, respectively, and in the non-dominant leg by 16%, 35.3% and 78.1 % at 30°, 60° and 90° knee flexion, respectively. The HarmoKnee group, however, showed increased quadriceps strength only at 90° i.e., by 85.7% in the dominant leg and 73.8% in the non-dominant leg. As for hamstring strength, only the 11+ group demonstrated an increment by 24.8% and 19.8% at 30° and 60° knee flexion in the dominant leg, and in the non-dominant leg, by 28.7% and 13.7% at 30° and 60° knee flexion, respectively. In conclusion, both warm-up programs improve quadriceps strength. The 11+ demonstrated improvement in hamstring strength while the HarmoKnee program did not indicate any improvement. We suggest adding eccentric hamstring components such as Nordic hamstring exercise to the HarmoKnee program in order to enhance hamstring strength.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hamstring Muscles
  2. Fulltext Bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of isokinetic strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players
    Daneshjoo A, Rahnama N, Mokhtar AH, Yusof A
    J Hum Kinet, 2013 Mar;36:45-53.
    PMID: 23717354 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2013-0005
    This study investigated bilateral and unilateral asymmetries of strength and flexibility in male young professional soccer players. Thirty-six soccer players (age: 18.9 ± 1.4 years) participated in this study. A Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer was used to assess the hamstring and quadriceps strength at selected speeds of 60°/s, 180°/s and 300°/s. Hip joint flexibility was measured using a goniometer. No difference was observed in conventional strength ratio, dynamic control ratio and fast/slow speed ratio between the dominant and non-dominant legs (p>0.05). All but one of the players (97.2%) had musculoskeletal abnormality (bilateral imbalance > 10%) in one or more specific muscle groups. The dominant leg had greater hip joint flexibility compared with the non-dominant leg (108.8 ± 10.7° versus 104.6 ± 9.8°, respectively). The findings support the hypothesis that physical performance and movement pattern experienced during soccer playing may negatively change the balance of strength in both legs (bilateral strength balance), but not on the same leg of the young male professional soccer players. The results can be helpful for trainers and coaches to decide whether the players need to improve their balance and strength which in turn may prevent injury. It is suggested that in professional soccer training, quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength, as well as hip joint flexibility should not be overlooked.
    Matched MeSH terms: Hamstring Muscles
  3. Electrical stimulation-evoked contractions blunt orthostatic hypotension in sub-acute spinal cord-injured individuals: two clinical case studies
    Hamzaid NA, Tean LT, Davis GM, Suhaimi A, Hasnan N
    Spinal Cord, 2015 May;53(5):375-9.
    PMID: 25366533 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.187
    STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study of two cases.

    OBJECTIVES: To describe the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) therapy in the 4-week management of two sub-acute spinal cord-injured (SCI) individuals (C7 American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) B and T9 AIS (B)).

    SETTING: University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    METHODS: A diagnostic tilt-table test was conducted to confirm the presence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) based on the current clinical definitions. Following initial assessment, subjects underwent 4 weeks of ES therapy 4 times weekly for 1 h per day. Post-tests tilt table challenge, both with and without ES on their rectus abdominis, quadriceps, hamstrings and gastrocnemius muscles, was conducted at the end of the study (week 5). Subjects' blood pressures (BP) and heart rates (HR) were recorded every minute during pre-test and post-tests. Orthostatic symptoms, as well as the maximum tolerance time that the subjects could withstand head up tilt at 60°, were recorded.

    RESULTS: Subject A improved his orthostatic symptoms, but did not recover from clinically defined OH based on the 20-min duration requirement. With concurrent ES therapy, 60° head up tilt BP was 89/62 mm Hg compared with baseline BP of 115/71 mm Hg. Subject B fully recovered from OH demonstrated by BP of 105/71 mm Hg during the 60° head up tilt compared with baseline BP of 124/77 mm Hg. Both patients demonstrated longer tolerance time during head up tilt with concomitant ES (subject A: pre-test 4 min, post-test without ES 6 min, post-test with ES 12 min; subject B: pre-test 4 min, post-test without ES 28 min, post-test with ES 60 min).

    CONCLUSIONS: Weekly ES therapy had positive effect on OH management in sub-acute SCI individuals.

    Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Muscles/physiopathology*
  4. Fulltext Assessment of muscle mass and its association with protein intake in a multi-ethnic Asian population: relevance in chronic kidney disease
    Teo BW, Toh QC, Chan XW, Xu H, Li JL, Lee EJ
    Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2014;23(4):619-25.
    PMID: 25516320 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.2014.23.4.01
    Clinical practice guidelines recommend objective nutritional assessments in managing chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients but were developed while referencing to a North-American population. Specific recommendations for assessing muscle mass were suggested (mid-arm circumference, MAC; corrected mid-arm muscle area, cAMA; mid-arm muscle circumference, MAMC). This study aimed to assess correlation and association of these assessments with dietary protein intake in a multi-ethnic Asian population of healthy and CKD patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/pathology*
  5. Assessment of heavy metals in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Langat River and Engineering Lake in Bangi, Malaysia, and evaluation of the health risk from tilapia consumption
    Taweel A, Shuhaimi-Othman M, Ahmad AK
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2013 Jul;93:45-51.
    PMID: 23642778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.03.031
    Concentrations of the heavy metals copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) were determined in the liver, gills and muscles of tilapia fish from the Langat River and Engineering Lake, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. There were differences in the concentrations of the studied heavy metals between different organs and between sites. In the liver samples, Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Cd, and in the gills and muscle, Zn>Ni>Cu>Pb>Cd. Levels of Cu, Cd, Zn and Pb in the liver samples from Engineering Lake were higher than in those from the Langat River, whereas the Ni levels in the liver samples from the Langat River were greater than in those from Engineering Lake. Cd levels in the fish muscle from Engineering Lake were lower than in that from the Langat River. Meanwhile, the Cd, Zn and Pb levels in the fish muscle from the Langat River were lower than in that from Engineering Lake, and the Ni levels were almost the same in the fish muscle samples from the two sites. The health risks associated with Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ni were assessed based on the target hazard quotients. In the Langat River, the risk from Cu is minimal compared to the other studied elements, and the concentrations of Pb and Ni were determined to pose the greatest risk. The maximum allowable fish consumption rates (kg/d) based on Cu in Engineering Lake and the Langat River were 2.27 and 1.51 in December and 2.53 and 1.75 in February, respectively. The Cu concentrations resulted in the highest maximum allowable fish consumption rates compared with the other studied heavy metals, whereas those based on Pb were the lowest. A health risk analysis of the heavy metals measured in the fish muscle samples indicated that the fish can be classified at one of the safest levels for the general population and that there are no possible risks pertaining to tilapia fish consumption.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/metabolism
  6. Fulltext In-depth tanscriptomic analysis on giant freshwater prawns
    Mohd-Shamsudin MI, Kang Y, Lili Z, Tan TT, Kwong QB, Liu H, et al.
    PLoS One, 2013;8(5):e60839.
    PMID: 23734171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060839
    Gene discovery in the Malaysian giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has been limited to small scale data collection, despite great interest in various research fields related to the commercial significance of this species. Next generation sequencing technologies that have been developed recently and enabled whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq), have allowed generation of large scale functional genomics data sets in a shorter time than was previously possible. Using this technology, transcriptome sequencing of three tissue types: hepatopancreas, gill and muscle, has been undertaken to generate functional genomics data for M. rosenbergii at a massive scale. De novo assembly of 75-bp paired end Ilumina reads has generated 102,230 unigenes. Sequence homology search and in silico prediction have identified known and novel protein coding candidate genes (∼24%), non-coding RNA, and repetitive elements in the transcriptome. Potential markers consisting of simple sequence repeats associated with known protein coding genes have been successfully identified. Using KEGG pathway enrichment, differentially expressed genes in different tissues were systematically represented. The functions of gill and hepatopancreas in the context of neuroactive regulation, metabolism, reproduction, environmental stress and disease responses are described and support relevant experimental studies conducted previously in M. rosenbergii and other crustaceans. This large scale gene discovery represents the most extensive transcriptome data for freshwater prawn. Comparison with model organisms has paved the path to address the possible conserved biological entities shared between vertebrates and crustaceans. The functional genomics resources generated from this study provide the basis for constructing hypotheses for future molecular research in the freshwater shrimp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/metabolism
  7. Deposition of tocopherol and tocotrienol in the tissues of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., fed vitamin E-free diets supplemented with different plant oils
    Lee KS, Yuen KH, Ng WK
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2013 Dec;39(6):1457-71.
    PMID: 23604920 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9799-1
    Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant consisting of four isomers each (α, β, γ, δ) of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3), is found naturally in plant oils at different concentrations. In this study, four semi-purified isonitrogenous and isolipidic (10 %) diets containing canola oil, cold-pressed soybean oil, wheat germ oil, or palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD) as the sole vitamin E source were fed to triplicate groups of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fingerlings (14.82 ± 0.05 g) for 45 days. Vitamin E concentrations and composition were measured in the muscle, liver, skin, and adipose tissue. Deposition of α-T (53.4-93.1 % of total vitamin E) predominated over deposition of other isomers, except in the liver of fish fed the SBO diet, where α-T and γ-T deposition was in the ratio 40:60. T3 deposition (2.6-29.4 %) was only detected in tissues of fish fed the PFAD diet; adipose tissue was the major storage depot. Fish fed the SBO diet contained significantly more (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/metabolism
  8. Artificial neural network modeling of biomarkers to infer characteristics of contaminant exposure in Clarias gariepinus
    Karami A, Christianus A, Bahraminejad B, Gagné F, Courtenay SC
    Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2012 Mar;77:28-34.
    PMID: 22101109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.026
    This study examined the potential of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling to infer timing, route and dose of contaminant exposure from biomarkers in a freshwater fish. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and biliary concentrations of BaP, 1-OH BaP, 3-OH BaP and 7,8D BaP were quantified in juvenile Clarias gariepinus injected intramuscularly or intraperitoneally with 10-50 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) 1-3 d earlier. A feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP) ANN resulted in more accurate prediction of timing, route and exposure dose than a linear neural network or a radial basis function (RBF) ANN. MLP sensitivity analyses revealed contribution of all five biomarkers to predicting route of exposure but no contribution of hepatic GST activity or one of the two hydroxylated BaP metabolites to predicting time of exposure and dose of exposure. We conclude that information content of biomarkers collected from fish can be extended by judicious use of ANNs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/metabolism
  9. Gene profiling and characterization of arginine kinase-1 (MrAK-1) from freshwater giant prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
    Arockiaraj J, Vanaraja P, Easwvaran S, Singh A, Alinejaid T, Othman RY, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2011 Jul;31(1):81-9.
    PMID: 21549198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.04.004
    Arginine kinase-1 (MrAK-1) was sequenced from the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii using Illumina Solexa Genome Analyzer Technique. MrAK-1 consisted of 1068 bp nucleotide encoded 355 polypeptide with an estimated molecular mass of 40 kDa. MrAK-1 sequence contains a potential ATP:guanido phosphotransferases active domain site. The deduced amino acid sequence of MrAK-1 was compared with other 7 homologous arginine kinase (AK) and showed the highest identity (96%) with AK-1 from cherry shrimp Neocaridina denticulate. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed a broad expression of MrAK-1 with the highest expression in the muscle and the lowest in the eyestalk. The expression of MrAK-1 after challenge with the infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) was tested in muscle. In addition, MrAK-1 was expressed in Escherichia coli by prokaryotic expression plasmid pMAL-c2x. The optimum temperature (30 °C) and pH (8.5) was determined for the enzyme activity assay. MrAK-1 showed significant (P < 0.05) activity towards 10-50 mM ATP concentration. The enzyme activity was inhibited by α-ketoglutarate, glucose and ATP at the concentration of 10, 50 and 100 mM respectively. Conclusively, the findings of this study indicated that MrAK-1 might play an important role in the coupling of energy production and utilization and the immune response in shrimps.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/metabolism
  10. Salmonella related mycotic aneurysm with psoas and paraortic abscess treated conservatively
    Abu Bakar A, Ngiu CS, Mohamad Said MS, Periyasamy P
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2011 Oct;40(10):467-8.
    PMID: 22206056
    Matched MeSH terms: Psoas Muscles/physiopathology
  11. Benefit of triple-strap abdominal binder on voluntary cough in patients with spinal cord injury
    Julia PE, Sa'ari MY, Hasnan N
    Spinal Cord, 2011 Nov;49(11):1138-42.
    PMID: 21577218 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.53
    STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional experimental study.
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the benefit of elastic abdominal binders on voluntary cough in persons with spinal cord injury.
    SETTING: Spinal rehabilitation unit in a teaching hospital.
    METHODS: We measured voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (in 21 subjects with spinal cord injury, (18 tetraplegia, 3 paraplegia) under three conditions: without abdominal binder as the baseline, with single-strap abdominal binder and triple-strap abdominal binder.
    RESULTS: The results showed that the mean cough peak expiratory flow rate in all subjects without abdominal binder was 277.1 l per min. There was a significant increase in flow rate with the use of abdominal binders: 325.7 l per min with single-strap abdominal binder and 345.2 l per min with triple-strap abdominal binder (P<0.05, paired t-test). The mean cough peak expiratory flow rate in tetraplegic subjects using triple-strap abdominal binders was significantly higher compared with those using single-strap abdomina
    l binders (322.1 l per min and 299.4 l per min, respectively).
    CONCLUSION: Abdominal binders can be used as an effective method to improve cough ability in spinal cord injured patients, with triple-strap abdominal binder achieving greater cough peak expiratory flows.

    Comment in: Frisbie JH. Question of stamina for the diaphragm. Spinal Cord. 2012 Jun;50(6):480. doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.164. Epub 2012 Jan 17. PubMed PMID: 22249332.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Muscles/physiology*
  12. Minimally invasive image-guided removal of retrobulbar intraconal foreign body
    Vairavan N, Tajunisah I, Subrayan V, Waran V
    Orbit, 2009;28(6):442-3.
    PMID: 19929682 DOI: 10.3109/01676830903103365
    Surgical approaches are becoming increasingly minimally invasive, without compromising either safety or ease. Penetrating ocular foreign bodies has traditionally been approached either by intraocular or supraorbital access. We successfully attempted a minimally invasive approach to remove a retrobulbar foreign body under computer-assisted image guidance in a 19-year-old man involved in an industrial mishap.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oculomotor Muscles/injuries*
  13. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch: a multi-institutional, multinational evaluation
    Patil NN, Mottrie A, Sundaram B, Patel VR
    Urology, 2008 Jul;72(1):47-50; discussion 50.
    PMID: 18384858 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.097
    To report the collective experience of three multinational institutions with the use of robotics to evaluate and treat complex distal ureteral obstruction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Psoas Muscles/surgery
  14. Exposure assessment for trace elements from consumption of marine fish in Southeast Asia
    Agusa T, Kunito T, Sudaryanto A, Monirith I, Kan-Atireklap S, Iwata H, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2007 Feb;145(3):766-77.
    PMID: 16828209
    Concentrations of 20 trace elements were determined in muscle and liver of 34 species of marine fish collected from coastal areas of Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Large regional difference was observed in the levels of trace elements in liver of one fish family (Carangidae): the highest mean concentration was observed in fish from the Malaysian coastal waters for V, Cr, Zn, Pb and Bi and those from the Java Sea side of Indonesia for Sn and Hg. To assess the health risk to the Southeast Asian populations from consumption of fish, intake rates of trace elements were estimated. Some marine fish showed Hg levels higher than the guideline values by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). This suggests that consumption of these fish may be hazardous to the people.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/chemistry
  15. Echium oil increased the expression of a Δ4 Fads2 fatty acyl desaturase and the deposition of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in comparison with linseed oil in striped snakehead (Channa striata) muscle
    Jaya-Ram A, Shu-Chien AC, Kuah MK
    Fish Physiol Biochem, 2016 Aug;42(4):1107-22.
    PMID: 26842427 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0201-y
    Despite the potential of vegetable oils as aquafeed ingredients, a major drawback associated with their utilization is the inferior level of beneficial n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). Echium oil (EO), which is rich in stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3), could potentially improve the deposition of n-3 LC-PUFA as the biosynthesis of LC-PUFA is enhanced through bypassing the rate-limiting ∆6 desaturation step. We report for the first time an attempt to investigate whether the presence of a desaturase (Fads2) capable of ∆4 desaturation activities and an elongase (Elovl5) will leverage the provision of dietary SDA to produce a higher rate of LC-PUFA bioconversion. Experimental diets were designed containing fish oil (FO), EO or linseed oil (LO) (100FO, 100EO, 100LO), and diets which comprised equal mixtures of the designated oils (50EOFO and 50EOLO) were evaluated in a 12-week feeding trial involving striped snakeheads (Channa striata). There was no significant difference in growth and feed conversion efficiency. The hepatic fatty acid composition and higher expression of fads2 and elovl5 genes in fish fed EO-based diets indicate the utilization of dietary SDA for LC-PUFA biosynthesis. Collectively, this resulted in a higher deposition of muscle eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) compared to LO-based diets. Dietary EO improved the ratio of n-3 LC-PUFA to n-6 LC-PUFA in fish muscle, which is desirable for human populations with excessive consumption of n-6 PUFA. This study validates the contribution of SDA in improving the content of n-3 LC-PUFA and the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) in a freshwater carnivorous species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/metabolism
  16. Human health risk assessment and bioaccumulation of trace metals in fish species collected from the Miri coast, Sarawak, Borneo
    A A, R N, K P, Bing CH, R R
    Mar Pollut Bull, 2018 Aug;133:655-663.
    PMID: 30041362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.033
    The concentrations of nine trace metals (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Cd, and Pb) were measured in different tissues of two pelagic and five demersal fish species collected from the Miri coast, Sarawak. The sequence of accumulation of trace metals in different tissues were: liver > gill > gonad > muscle. Zn (301.00 μg g-1) and Cd (0.10 μg g-1) was the maximum and minimum accumulated elements. According to the Hazard Index calculation, none of the elements will pose any adverse health effects to humans for both ingestion rates (normal and habitual fish consumers) proposed by USEPA, except for Pb and Cd in certain fish species. On the basis of the results, the level of elements in the edible muscle tissues of all the analyzed fish species from the Miri coast are below the maximum permissible limits of Malaysian and International seafood guideline values and safe for consumers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/chemistry
  17. Functional analysis of Trichinella spiralis serine protease 1.2 by siRNA mediated RNA interference
    Yang F, Guo KX, Yang DQ, Liu RD, Long SR, Zhang X, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2020 Jun 01;37(2):458-470.
    PMID: 33612815
    A T. spiralis serine protease 1.2 (TsSP1.2) was identified in the muscle larvae (ML) and intestinal larvae surface/excretory-secretory (ES) proteins by immunoproteomics. The aim of this study was to determine the TsSP1.2 function in the process of T. spiralis intrusion, growth and reproduction by using RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi was used to silence the expression of TsSP1.2 mRNA and protein in the nematode. On 2 days after the ML were electroporated with 2 µM of TsSP1.2-specific siRNA 534, TsSP1.2 mRNA and protein expression declined in 56.44 and 84.48%, respectively, compared with untreated ML. Although TsSP1.2 silencing did not impair worm viability, larval intrusion of intestinal epithelium cells (IEC) was suppressed by 57.18% (P < 0.01) and the suppression was siRNA-dose dependent (r = 0.976). Infection of mice with siRNA 534 transfected ML produced a 57.16% reduction of enteral adult burden and 71.46% reduction of muscle larva burden (P < 0.05). Moreover, silencing of TsSP1.2 gene in ML resulted in worm development impediment and reduction of female fertility. The results showed that silencing of TsSP1.2 by RNAi inhibited larval intrusion and development, and reduced female fecundity. TsSP1.2 plays a crucial role for worm invasion and development in T. spiralis life cycle, and is a potential vaccine/drug target against Trichinella infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/parasitology
  18. Enhancing the Appearance of the "Six-Pack" Muscles Using Cryolipolysis: A Safe and Effective Method
    Lim T, Ding SW, Chua CH, Moey HX
    Plast Reconstr Surg, 2021 Oct 01;148(4):775-779.
    PMID: 34550933 DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000008320
    SUMMARY: Many individuals desire a defined and athletic body with "six-pack" abdominal muscles, but even with a strict regimen of diet and exercise, this result is unattainable for many. Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive method of reducing the subcutaneous adipose tissues lying above the rectus abdominis muscles, enhancing the six-pack appearance. Eleven nonobese adults with an average body mass index of 22.5 kg/m2 were enrolled in this study. All subjects were treated with the CoolSculpting cryolipolysis system, with most of them undergoing two rounds of treatment. Improvement in appearance of the abdominal muscles was rated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, and adverse events and subjects' satisfaction scores were recorded. Treatments were well tolerated, with no reported instances of blanching, bruising, or blistering, and with only mild cases of edema, erythema, and numbness reported by some. Mean Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale rating was 1.7, corresponding to a rating of improved to much improved. Subjects were comfortable with the procedure and satisfied with the results. In conclusion, cryolipolysis is an effective and well-tolerated method for noninvasive enhancement of abdominal muscle definition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Muscles/anatomy & histology*
  19. Levels of trace elements, methylmercury and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in foraging green turtles in the South China region and their conservation implications
    Ng CKY, Lam JCW, Zhang XH, Gu HX, Li TH, Ye MB, et al.
    Environ Pollut, 2018 Mar;234:735-742.
    PMID: 29245147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.100
    Sea turtles are globally endangered and face daily anthropogenic threats, including pollution. However, there is a lack of ecotoxicological information on sea turtles, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. This study aims to determine pollutant levels of foraging green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in South China, including Hong Kong, Guangdong and Taiwan, as a basis for their conservation. Scute, liver and muscle tissues of stranded green turtles were analysed for levels of 17 trace elements and methylmercury (MeHg) (n = 86 for scute and n = 14 for liver) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) (n = 11 for muscle and n = 13 for liver). Ten-fold higher levels of Pb, Ba, V and Tl and 40-fold greater Cd levels were measured in green turtle livers in South China relative to other studies conducted over 10 years ago. Measured PBDE levels were also 27-fold and 50-fold greater than those reported in Australia and Japan. These results warrant further investigation of potential toxicological risks to green turtles in South China and their source rookeries in Malaysia, Micronesia, Indonesia, Marshall Islands, Japan and Taiwan. Research should target monitoring pollutant levels in sea turtles within the West Pacific/Southeast Asia regional management unit spanning East Asia to Southeast Asia to fill in knowledge gaps, in particular in areas such as Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines where less or no data is available and where foraging grounds of sea turtles have been identified.
    Matched MeSH terms: Muscles/chemistry*
  20. Submental intubation - Practical alternative airway in maxillofacial surgeries
    Lim D, Parumo R, Ma CB, Palasuntharam S
    J Clin Anesth, 2017 09;41:97-98.
    PMID: 28802621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2017.07.001
    Matched MeSH terms: Neck Muscles/surgery
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