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Fulltext Organic disorder with neuropsychiatric symptoms - case report of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis with neuropsychiatric manifestations

Sivarooban, V., Yogitagavari, Y., Che, C.K., Lee, C.W.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2017;26(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are symptoms that caused by organic brain
disorders. Multiple neuropsychiatric symptoms can occur concurrently in the
course of brain related organic disorders. Two main components of
neuropsychiatric symptoms are cognitive impairment and disturbance of
consciousness while other neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as hallucinations,
delusions, mood disorders, anxiety, apathy, behavioural and personality
changes also commonly occur. Some of the mild neuropsychiatric symptoms
could possibly be the earliest manifestations of brain related organic
disorders. Clinicians should carefully evaluate organic factors in the
treatment of psychosis, especially in patients of very young age or older age.
They should have enough knowledge and experience in the integrating
neuroscience, that is, neuropsychiatry. The present report illustrates a case of
organic disorder with neuropsychiatric manifestations. It is about a young
male patient who was diagnosed with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and
subsequently developed acute delirium secondary to the illness.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality
Fulltext Relationship between body mass index, body image, and fear of negative evaluation: Moderating role of self-esteem

Ahadzadeh AS, Rafik-Galea S, Alavi M, Amini M

Health Psychol Open, 2018 06 10;5(1):2055102918774251.
PMID: 29977587 DOI: 10.1177/2055102918774251

This study examined the correlation between body mass index as independent variable, and body image and fear of negative evaluation as dependent variables, as well as the moderating role of self-esteem in these correlations. A total of 318 Malaysian young adults were conveniently recruited to do the self-administered survey on the demographic characteristics body image, fear of negative evaluation, and self-esteem. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the research hypotheses. The results revealed that body mass index was negatively associated with body image, while no such correlation was found with fear of negative evaluation. Meanwhile, the negative correlation of body mass index with body image was stronger among those with lower self-esteem, while a positive association of body mass index with fear of negative evaluation was significant only among individuals with low self-esteem.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Disorders
Fulltext An exploratory study on symptoms of problem behaviors among juvenile offenders

Abdul Rahman Ahmad B, Rozainee K, Khaidzir I, Wan Shahrazad Wan S

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2016;30:69-79.

This study examined different types of symptoms of problem behaviours among juvenile offenders. Various symptoms of problem behaviours such as social problem, thinking problem, attention problem, rule-breaking behaviour, and aggressive behaviour can be predicted among young juvenile delinquents. There were 404 juvenile offenders participated in the study, consisted of 280 males and 124 females. All respondents convicted with seven different offenses. Prior to that, three research questions were developed: 1. Are there differences in the symptoms of problem behaviours among different types of juvenile offenders? 2. Are there gender differences in the symptoms of problem behaviours among young offenders? 3. Are there any age differences in the symptoms of problem behaviours among juvenile offenders? The results showed there were different symptoms of problem behaviours among young offenders. Gender differences profile also showed mean differences in each symptom of problem behaviours among juvenile offenders. One-way ANOVA results showed significant differences in thought problem F (7) = 2.748, p< .01 and attention problem F (7) = 25.948, p < .01 among different types of delinquent behaviours. Moreover, t-test results revealed that gender differences were significant in social problem; t (402) = -2.710, p

Matched MeSH terms: Antisocial Personality Disorder
Fulltext Isu dan halangan bagi bekas pesalah untuk bekerja: satu perspektif

Nur Diyanah H, Siti Marziah Z

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:62-68.

Ex-offenders are facing major challenges after their release to survive in the community. Among the challenges are stigma from the community, physical and mental health issues, financial problem because of unemployment and loss of significant others. They need to be guided to manage issues regarding employment, family, interpersonal relationship, and self-management. This article will discuss issues and barriers for ex-offenders to return to work or join the workforce. Past findings showed that ex-convicts and ex-drug addicts are still facing with barriers which withhold them from joining the job market. They frequently become the victims of rejection, bias, being bullied, and being segregated by co-workers. Barriers in employment may also be rooted from themselves, such as attitude problem, bad work culture, aggressive personality, and disciplinary issue. Thus, effective programmes and interventions need to be implemented for ex-offenders to increase their employability, and hence joining the community.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality
Fulltext Assessing Prevalence and Unique Risk Factors of Suicidal Ideation among First-Year University Students in China Using a Unique Multidimensional University Personality Inventor

Wu O, Lu X, Yeo KJ, Xiao Y, Yip P

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Aug 30;19(17).
PMID: 36078501 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710786

BACKGROUND: University students with suicidal ideation are at high risk of suicide, which constitutes a significant social and public health problem in China. However, little is known about the prevalence and associated risk factors of suicidal ideation among first-year university students in China, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its factors in first-year Chinese university students from a vocational college in Zhejiang during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: Using a cluster sampling technique, a university-wide survey was conducted of 686 first-year university students from Hangzhou in March 2020 using University Personality Inventory (UPI). UPI includes an assessment for suicidal ideation and possible risk factors. Suicidal ideation prevalence was calculated for males and females. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted, adjusting for age and sex. Analyses were carried out using the SPSS version 22.0 software.
RESULTS: The prevalence of 12-month suicidal ideation among first-year university students during March 2020 was 5.2%, and there was no significant difference between males and females (4.8% vs. 6.0%, x2 = 0.28, p = 0.597). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified social avoidance (B = 0.78, OR = 2.17, p < 0.001) and emotional vulnerability (B = 0.71, OR = 2.02, p < 0.001) as positively associated with suicidal ideation.
CONCLUSIONS: Social avoidance and emotional vulnerabilities are unique factors associated with greater suicidal ideation among first-year university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. UPI serves as a validated tool to screen suicide risks among Chinese university students. Encouraging social engagement and improving emotional regulation skills are promising targets to reduce suicidal ideation among first-year university students.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality
Sex differences on the Multitalent Perception Inventory among Malaysian students

Palaniappan AK

Percept Mot Skills, 2007 Dec;105(3 Pt 2):1052-4.
PMID: 18380099

Malaysian high school students, 142 boys and 154 girls (M age= 13.3 yr., SD = 0.3) were compared on a talent measure, the Khatena-Morse Multitalent Perception Inventory. Boys obtained significantly higher means on the overall score of Versatility and the talent areas of Artistry, Creative Imagination, Initiative, and Leadership. Further replications involving other age groups and nationalities are recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
Factor structure of the Body Appreciation Scale among Malaysian women

Swami V, Chamorro-Premuzic T

Body Image, 2008 Dec;5(4):409-13.
PMID: 18640882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2008.04.005

The present study examined the factor structure of a Malay version of the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), a recently developed scale for the assessment of positive body image that has been shown to have a unidimensional structure in Western settings. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses based on data from community sample of 591 women in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, failed to support a unidimensional structure for the Malay BAS. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis suggested two stable factors, which were labelled 'General Body Appreciation' and 'Body Image Investment'. Multi-group analysis showed that the two-factor structure was invariant for both Malaysian Malay and Chinese women, and that there were no significant ethnic differences on either factor. Results also showed that General Body Appreciation was significant negatively correlated with participants' body mass index. These results are discussed in relation to possible cross-cultural differences in positive body image.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Reliability and validity of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) among urological patients: a Malaysian study

Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS, Chua CB

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Jun;59(2):258-67.
PMID: 15559178 MyJurnal

To validate the English version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in a sample of Malaysia patients with and without urinary symptoms. Validity and reliability were studied in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients without LUTS. Reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Sensitivity to change was expressed as the effect size in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention score in additional patients with LUTS who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Internal consistency was excellent. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the 40 items with Cronbach's alpha value = 0.38 to 0.89 while the Cronbach's alpha for the total scores was 0.86. Test-retest correlation coefficients for the 40 items score were highly significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (ICC=0.39 to 0.89). A high degree of sensitivity and specificity to the effects of treatment was observed. A high degree of significant level between baseline and post-treatment scores was observed across nearly half of the items in surgical group but not in the non-LUTS group (control subjects). The STAI is reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change in a sample of Malaysian patients with and without urinary symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Tests*
Quantity frequency (consumption index) versus "CAGE" in the detection of alcoholism

Indran SK

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1992 Sep;26(3):493-501.
PMID: 1417638

The aim of this study was to compare and validate two simple methods of detecting excessive alcohol drinkers in a Malaysian hospital population. All 621 patients in the Medical, Surgical and Orthopaedic units of the General Hospital Kuala Lumpur were screened with the "CAGE" Questionnaire (a four question screening test to discriminate excessive drinkers) and two questions on the frequency and quantity of drinking called the Consumption Index. All CAGE scores had poor agreement (K = 0.37 to K = 0.1) with a psychiatric diagnosis of alcohol abuse and dependence using DSM III diagnosis. Reasons why the Consumption Index is a better screening instrument than the CAGE are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Efficacy and safety of lavender essential oil (Silexan) capsules among patients suffering from anxiety disorders: A network meta-analysis

Yap WS, Dolzhenko AV, Jalal Z, Hadi MA, Khan TM

Sci Rep, 2019 12 02;9(1):18042.
PMID: 31792285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54529-9

A systematic review and network-meta analysis (NMA) were performed to estimate significance of the anxiolytic effect of lavender essential oil taken as silexan capsules versus other comparators (i.e., placebo/paroxetine/lorazepam). The outcome of interest was Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated to estimate the treatment effect at the confidence interval of 95%. League tables were generated using treatment effect, for all pairwise comparisons, where WMD

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data
Fulltext Reliability and validity of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) among urological patients: a Malaysian study

Quek KF, Low WY, Razack AH, Loh CS

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2001 Oct;55(5):509-13.
PMID: 11555347 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2001.00897.x

This present study was undertaken to validate the English version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) in urological patients. Validity and reliability were studied in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and patients without LUTS. Reliability was evaluated using the test-retest method and internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. Sensitivity to change was expressed as the effect size in the pre-intervention versus post-intervention score in additional patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Internal consistency was excellent. A high degree of internal consistency was observed for each of the 12 items with Cronbach's alpha value of 0.37-0.79, while total scores was 0.79 in the population study. Test-retest correlation coefficient for the 12 items score were highly significant. Intraclass correlation coefficient was high (0.35-0.79). It showed a high degree of sensitivity and specificity to the effects of treatment. A high degree of significant level between baseline and post-treatment scores were observed across all 12 items in the treatment cohort but not in the control group. The GHQ-12 is suitable, reliable, valid and sensitive to clinical change in urological disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
The psychiatric aspects of epilepsy

Teoh JI

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):8-15.
PMID: 4273788
Matched MeSH terms: Personality Disorders/etiology
Fulltext The Role of Personality and Social Support in Health-Related Quality of Life in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Ibrahim N, Teo SS, Che Din N, Abdul Gafor AH, Ismail R

PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0129015.
PMID: 26131714 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129015

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is commonly associated with various negative health outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of personality and social support on health-related quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is the quality of life studied in relation to health, and it provides important information of patients' coping with their health issues.
METHOD: Participants comprised of 200 patients experiencing various stages of chronic kidney disease. All participants completed the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support questionnaires.
RESULTS: Participants consisted of 108 males (54.0%) and 92 females (46.0%) with the mean age of 59.3 years (SD 14.5). Results showed that higher levels of extraversion and lower perceived affectionate social support were associated with higher physical HRQoL, whereas higher levels of neuroticism were associated with poorer mental HRQoL.
CONCLUSION: The current study found that certain personality traits, namely extraversion and neuroticism, were found to be associated with HRQoL. In addition, affectionate social support was also associated with higher HRQoL. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the personality of CKD patients, as well as the type of social support that they have, in planning interventions to improve their health outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality*
Psychiatric comorbidity among patients on methadone maintenance therapy and its influence on quality of life

Teoh Bing Fei J, Yee A, Habil MH

Am J Addict, 2016 Jan;25(1):49-55.
PMID: 26692463 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12317

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are among the difficulties faced by patients with opioid dependence on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). This study aims to assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among patients on MMT, the factors predicting psychiatric comorbidity and to examine the association between psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life.
METHODS: A total of 225 male patients on MMT in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia were assessed for psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Opiate Treatment Index (OTI). Their quality of life was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF.
RESULTS: The prevalence of a current and lifetime non-substance use Axis I psychiatric disorder was 14.2% and 15.6% respectively, while 14.7% fulfilled the criteria for antisocial personality disorder. 80.9% had comorbid substance dependence, predominantly nicotine dependence. Factors significantly associated with a non-substance use Axis I psychiatric disorder on multivariate analysis were use of psychiatric medications, antisocial personality disorder and poorer physical health. Patients with a non-substance use Axis I psychiatric disorder had a significantly poorer quality of life in all domains namely physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment as well as combined quality of life and general health after controlling for possible confounders.
CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidity among patients on MMT negatively impacts quality of life.
SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The detection of psychiatric disorders and provision of appropriate treatment is needed to improve the quality of life of patients on MMT.

Matched MeSH terms: Antisocial Personality Disorder/epidemiology
Fulltext Translation and validation of the Malay Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale

Swami V

Body Image, 2010 Sep;7(4):372-5.
PMID: 20807682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.07.005

The present study examined the psychometric properties of a Malay translation of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS; Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005). A total of 373 Malaysian women completed the ACSS along with measures of ideal-actual weight discrepancy, body appreciation, sociocultural attitudes toward appearance, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and demographics. Results showed that the Malay ACSS was best reduced to a two-factor solution, although an overall score of all 15 ACSS items showed the highest internal consistency. Results also showed that this overall score had good discriminant and divergent validity. It is expected that the availability of a Malay version of the ACSS will stimulate cross-cultural research on the acceptance of cosmetic surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data*
Invariance of parent ratings of the ADHD symptoms in Australian and Malaysian, and north European Australian and Malay Malaysia children: a mean and covariance structures analysis approach

Gomez R

J Atten Disord, 2009 Mar;12(5):422-33.
PMID: 18367758 DOI: 10.1177/1087054708315171

This study used the mean and covariance structures analysis approach to examine the equality or invariance of ratings of the 18 ADHD symptoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Assessment/statistics & numerical data*
Psychological problems among university students in an area of rapid socio-cultural change

Teoh JI

Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1974 Jun;8(2):109-20.
PMID: 4528692 DOI: 10.3109/00048677409159785

A twelve-month study of all university students with psychological problems and symptoms, referred by the Student Health Physicians of the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur was conducted. A total of 308 students were seen and treated. The following results were elicited:
1) The proportion of student breakdown among the different ethnic groups was in proportion with the total student population.
2) There was no significant difference in diagnosis among students of urban-rural origins or from the different faculties.
3) The majority of students were seen during the first term from the first and second year courses.
4) Fifty-six percent of students suffered from symptoms prior to their admission to the university.
5 ) Differences in language stream, especially from the Malay-medium schools, did not increase the rates of breakdown because of attenuating factors to reduce the stress among Malay students.
6) Chinese students had significantly more severe acculturation gap differences from their parents than Malay students. They also significantly came from more well-off homes, of a higher social class and from urban regions as compared to the Malay students.
7) Fifty-one percent were diagnosed as suffering from a neurosis and 13.3% from a schizophrenic psychosis. The neurotics had a much lower failure rate than the schizophrenic students.
8) Personality and family problems were significantly higher among Chinese than Malay students. On the whole, there were more personality and family problems among urban-based students of both ethnic groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Disorders/epidemiology
A cross-cultural comparison of autistic traits in the UK, India and Malaysia

Freeth M, Sheppard E, Ramachandran R, Milne E

J Autism Dev Disord, 2013 Nov;43(11):2569-83.
PMID: 23494561 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1808-9

The disorder of autism is widely recognised throughout the world. However, the diagnostic criteria and theories of autism are based on research predominantly conducted in Western cultures. Here we compare the expression of autistic traits in a sample of neurotypical individuals from one Western culture (UK) and two Eastern cultures (India and Malaysia), using the Autism-spectrum Quotient (AQ) in order to identify possible cultural differences in the expression of autistic traits. Behaviours associated with autistic traits were reported to a greater extent in the Eastern cultures than the Western culture. Males scored higher than females and science students scored higher than non-science students in each culture. Indian students scored higher than both other groups on the Imagination sub-scale, Malaysian students scored higher than both other groups on the Attention Switching sub-scale. The underlying factor structures of the AQ for each population were derived and discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality
Fulltext Culture, cross-role consistency, and adjustment: testing trait and cultural psychology perspectives

Church AT, Anderson-Harumi CA, del Prado AM, Curtis GJ, Tanaka-Matsumi J, Valdez Medina JL, et al.

J Pers Soc Psychol, 2008 Sep;95(3):739-55.
PMID: 18729706 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.3.739

Trait and cultural psychology perspectives on cross-role consistency and its relation to adjustment were examined in 2 individualistic cultures, the United States (N=231) and Australia (N=195), and 4 collectivistic cultures, Mexico (N=199), the Philippines (N=195), Malaysia (N=217), and Japan (N=180). Cross-role consistency in trait ratings was evident in all cultures, supporting trait perspectives. Cultural comparisons of mean consistency provided support for cultural psychology perspectives as applied to East Asian cultures (i.e., Japan) but not collectivistic cultures more generally. Some but not all of the hypothesized predictors of consistency were supported across cultures. Cross-role consistency predicted aspects of adjustment in all cultures, but prediction was most reliable in the U.S. sample and weakest in the Japanese sample. Alternative constructs proposed by cultural psychologists--personality coherence, social appraisal, and relationship harmony--predicted adjustment in all cultures but were not, as hypothesized, better predictors of adjustment in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality Inventory
Malaysian women's state of well-being: empirical validation of a conceptual model

Noor NM

J Soc Psychol, 2006 Feb;146(1):95-115.
PMID: 16480124

The author carried out the present study to examine the determinants of Malaysian women's well-being. Specifically, the author proposed a theoretical model of women's roles and well-being--made up of roles, negative affectivity, conflict, and health--and statistically validated it in a group of women occupying both work and family roles (N = 389). Using a life-course approach (P. Moen, 1998) to roles and well-being, the author further examined the model in women of 3 different age groups (age of Group 1 = 20-29 years, age of Group 2 = 30-39 years, and age of Group 3 = 40 years and older). The results supported the proposed model, which showed reasonable fit when applied to the 3 groups of women. The results also indicated that the predictors of women's well-being differ according to their respective age groups. The author discussed these findings in relation to the life-course approach to women's roles.

Matched MeSH terms: Personality

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