Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 287 in total

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  1. Shanmuganathan M, Goh BL, Lim CTS
    Am J Med Sci, 2018 11;356(5):476-480.
    PMID: 30384954 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.08.004
    BACKGROUND: Noncuffed catheters (NCC) are often used for incident hemodialysis (HD) patients without a functional vascular access. This, unfortunately results in frequent catheter-related complications such as infection, malfunction, vessel stenosis, and obstruction, leading to loss of permanent central venous access with superior vena cava obstruction. It is important to preserve central vein patency by reducing the number of internal jugular catheter insertions for incident HD patients with a functional vascular access. We sought to achieve this by introducing in-patient intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) as bridging therapy while awaiting establishment of long-term vascular access for HD patients.

    METHODS: Incident HD patients without permanent vascular access encountered from January to December 2014 were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 were encountered within 6 months prior to introduction of in-patient IPD bridging therapy in substitution of noncuffed catheter (NCC) insertion while awaiting maturation of permanent vascular access. Group 2 were encountered within 6 months after the introduction of this policy. The number of NCC and peritoneal dialysiscatheter insertion, along with catheter-related infections were evaluated during this period.

    RESULTS: Approximately 450 patients were distributed in each group. We achieved 45% reduction in internal jugular catheter insertion from 322 to 180 catheters after policy change. This led to a significant drop in catheter-related blood stream infection (53%, P <0.001). On the other hand, 30% more peritoneal dialysiscatheter were inserted to accommodate our IPD bridging therapy.

    CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of IPD as bridging therapy while awaiting maturation of permanent vascular access significantly reduced the utilization of NCC in incident HD patients and catherter-related blodstream infection. With this, it is our hope that it will contribute to the preservation of central vein patency.

    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/methods; Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data
  2. Viecelli AK, O'Lone E, Sautenet B, Craig JC, Tong A, Chemla E, et al.
    Am J Kidney Dis, 2018 03;71(3):382-391.
    PMID: 29203125 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.09.018
    BACKGROUND: Many randomized controlled trials have been performed with the goal of improving outcomes related to hemodialysis vascular access. If the reported outcomes are relevant and measured consistently to allow comparison of interventions across trials, such trials can inform decision making. This study aimed to assess the scope and consistency of vascular access outcomes reported in contemporary hemodialysis trials.

    STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review.

    SETTING & POPULATION: Adults requiring maintenance hemodialysis.

    SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized controlled trials and trial protocols reporting vascular access outcomes identified from ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Specialized Register from January 2011 to June 2016.

    INTERVENTIONS: Any hemodialysis-related intervention.

    OUTCOMES: The frequency and characteristics of vascular access outcome measures were analyzed and classified.

    RESULTS: From 168 relevant trials, 1,426 access-related outcome measures were extracted and classified into 23 different outcomes. The 3 most common outcomes were function (136 [81%] trials), infection (63 [38%]), and maturation (31 [18%]). Function was measured in 489 different ways, but most frequently reported as "mean access blood flow (mL/min)" (37 [27%] trials) and "number of thromboses" (30 [22%]). Infection was assessed in 136 different ways, with "number of access-related infections" being the most common measure. Maturation was assessed in 44 different ways at 15 different time points and most commonly characterized by vein diameter and blood flow. Patient-reported outcomes, including pain (19 [11%]) and quality of life (5 [3%]), were reported infrequently. Only a minority of trials used previously standardized outcome definitions.

    LIMITATIONS: Restricted sampling frame for feasibility and focus on contemporary trials.

    CONCLUSIONS: The reporting of access outcomes in hemodialysis trials is very heterogeneous, with limited patient-reported outcomes and infrequent use of standardized outcome measures. Efforts to standardize outcome reporting for vascular access are critical to optimizing the comparability, reliability, and value of trial evidence to improve outcomes for patients requiring hemodialysis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/adverse effects; Renal Dialysis/methods*
  3. Ho SE, Ho CC, Norshazwani N, Teoh KH, Ismail MS, Jaafar MZ, et al.
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(6):499-505.
    PMID: 24424213 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1627
    AIMS: The objective of the study was to examine the quality of life amongst the end stage renal disease (ESRD) haemodialysis patients in Malaysia.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 ESRD patients at a Dialysis Centre in Malaysia. The modified KDQOL-SF™ subscales, kidney disease-targeted scale and 36 item health survey scale questionnaires were used.

    RESULTS: The overall health rating was 66.73 ± 11.670 indicating good quality of life. There was no significant difference between quality of life for the different domains according to gender (p >0.05). However, there were significant differences between quality of life in the domain of burden of kidney disease. Physical functioning deteriorated significantly with age (p=0.012) while social functioning was lowest in the 50-65 years age group (p=0.037). Those who had no morbidities had significantly better scores on the effects of kidney (p=0.036), burden of kidney disease (p=0.011) and physical functioning (p=0.025).

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing haemodialysis have been found to have good quality of life despite having ESRD. It is therefore of paramount importance to constantly monitor the standard of care for these patients to enable them to live their life to the fullest.

    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/methods*
  4. Chan YM, Zalilah MS, Hii SZ
    PLoS One, 2012;7(8):e41362.
    PMID: 22870215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041362
    BACKGROUND: Patients with end stage renal disease often fail to follow prescribed dietary and fluid regimen, leading to undesirable outcomes. This study aimed to examine and identify factors influencing dietary, fluid, medication and dialysis compliance behaviours in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study which employed purposive sampling design. A total of 188 respondents were recruited from 14 dialysis centres in Malaysia between 2008-2011. Self-reported compliance behaviours and biochemical measurements were used as evaluation tools.
    RESULTS: Compliance rates of dietary, fluid, medication and dialysis were 27.7%, 24.5%, 66.5% and 91.0%, respectively. Younger, male, working patients and those with longer duration on hemodialysis were found more likely to be non-compliant. Lacks of adequate knowledge, inadequate self-efficacy skills, forgetfulness and financial constraints were the major perceived barriers towards better compliance to fluid, dietary, medication and dialysis, respectively.
    CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare professionals should recognise the factors hindering compliance from the patients' perspective while assisting them with appropriate skills in making necessary changes possible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  5. Morad Z
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):145-6.
    PMID: 22822631
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  6. Hairul Aini H, Mustafa MIA, Seman MR, Nasuruddin BA
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):199-203.
    PMID: 22822643 MyJurnal
    Mixed-genotypes hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are normally ignored in chronic hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of mixed-genotypes infections among hemodialysis patients in Pahang province, Malaysia. Reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction methods were performed using two different sets of primers, targeting the 5' untranslated region and nonstructural 5B region. Target region base sequences were obtained by direct sequencing. Discrepancy in outcomes from phylogenetic analysis of both regions suggests double infections. Of 40 subjects in eight hemodialysis centres, evidence of mixed-genotypes infections was found in 5 subjects (12.5%) from three different centres. Four patients were infected with mixed genotypes 3 and 1 and one with genotypes 3 and 4. Cases of mixed HCV genotypes infection were considered high among hemodialysis patients in Pahang. However, further investigation is needed to confirm whether they are true mixed infections or perhaps infection with recombinant virus and also to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics of the infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  7. Faridah A, Jamaiyah H, Goh A, Soraya A
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65 Suppl A:114-9.
    PMID: 21488470
    The EQ-5D is a quality of life instrument that measures five dimensions of health. This study investigated the reliability and validity of its use in the Malaysian dialysis population. Test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity were assessed. Responses of 86 subjects who completed both surveys were used in analysis. Test-retest reliability using Cohen's kappa was acceptable in four out of five dimensions, with the exception of self-care. Convergent validity was present. Discriminant validity was found in only two out of six hypotheses tested. In conclusion, the EQ-5D has potential in this population but further study is required.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  8. Samsudin A, Mimiwati Z, Soong T, Fauzi MS, Zabri K
    Eye (Lond), 2010 Jan;24(1):70-3.
    PMID: 19229270 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2009.33
    To study the effect of haemodialysis on intraocular pressure (IOP) of patients at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, and the influence of anterior chamber angles, surgery, and diabetes on the change in IOP after haemodialysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  9. Shaza AM, Rozina G, Izham MIM, Azhar SSS
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60(3):320-7.
    PMID: 16379187 MyJurnal
    This research was carried out to study the characteristics of ESRD patients and the resources consumed with dialysis treatment as well as to assess the clinical outcomes of ESRD treatment in Penang Hospital. A total of 117 ESRD patients were studied over 30 months. 56.4% of the patients were male and the median age was 40. Diabetic nephropathy was the commonest cause of ESRD (29.9%). Hypertension was the predominant comorbidity (60.6%). A larger proportion started treatment with Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (59.0%). At the end of the study period, 49.6% of the patients continued their treatment in the same modality and 27.4% died. Average Dialysis Adequacy (Kt/V) achieved was satisfactory, 2.29 in CAPD and 1.50 in Haemodialysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/mortality*
  10. Hooi LS, Lim TO, Goh A, Wong HS, Tan CC, Ahmad G, et al.
    Nephrology (Carlton), 2005 Feb;10(1):25-32.
    PMID: 15705178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2005.00360.x
    BACKGROUND: This is a multi-centre study to determine cost efficiency and cost effectiveness of the Ministry of Health centre haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) programme.
    METHODS: Forty-four haemodialysis and 11 CAPD centres were enrolled in this study in 2001. Sixty patients, 30 from each modality, were evaluated. Micro-costing was used to determine costs.
    RESULTS: The number of haemodialyses conducted ranged from 402 to 23,000 procedures per year, while for CAPD, output ranged from 70 to 2300 patient months/year. Cost ranged from RM79.61 to RM475.79 per haemodialysis treatment, with a mean cost of RM169 per HD (USD 1 = RM 3.80). The cost of CAPD treatment ranged from RM1400 to RM3200 per patient month, with a mean of RM2186. Both modalities incurred similar outpatient costs. The cost of erythropoeitin per year is RM4500 and RM2500 for haemodialysis and CAPD, respectively. The number of life years saved is 10.96 years for haemodialysis and 5.21 years for CAPD. Cost per life year saved is RM33 642 for haemodialysis and RM31 635 for CAPD. The cost for land, building, equipment, overheads, and staff were higher for haemodialysis, while consumables and hospitalization cost more for CAPD. Sensitivity analysis was performed for two discount rates (3 and 5%), varying erythropoietin doses and maximum and minimum overheads. Relative cost effectiveness of haemodialysis and CAPD was unchanged in all sensitivity scenarios, except for overhead costs, which influenced the cost effectiveness of HD.
    CONCLUSION: It is economically viable to promote the use of both CAPD and haemodialysis because the cost effectiveness of both are nearly equal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/economics*
  11. Tumin M, Mohd Satar NH, Zakaria RH, Raja Ariffin RN, Soo-Kun L, Kok-Peng N, et al.
    Urol J, 2015 Sep 04;12(4):2245-50.
    PMID: 26341766
    PURPOSE: This study explores the factors affecting the willingness of dialysis patients' family members to become involved in living and deceased organ donation.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: We utilize cross sectional data on 350 family members of dialysis patients collected through self-administered survey from June to October 2013. The factors affecting willingness to become deceased and living organ donors among respondents were identified by running logistic regressions.

    RESULTS: The findings reveal that ethnicity, education and role in family are significant factors explaining will­ingness for living donation, while ethnicity, knowledge of organ donation and donor age drive willingness for deceased donation. We also find that the reasons of respondents being unwilling to donate center on the lack of information and family objections for deceased donation, while being medically unfit, scared of surgery and family objections are the reasons for unwillingness to donate living organs.

    CONCLUSION: In light of our findings, educational efforts are suggested to decrease the reluctance to become in­volved in living and deceased donation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  12. Mah DY, Yia HJ, Cheong WS
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):91-2.
    PMID: 27326954 MyJurnal
    Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is a neurological disorder with varying severity that is postulated to be associated with cerebral oedema. We described a case of DDS resulting in irreversible brain injury and death following acute haemodialysis. A 13-year-old male with no past medical history and weighing 30kg, presented to hospital with severe urosepsis complicated by acute kidney injury (Creatinine 1422mmol/L; Urea 74.2mmol/L, Potassium 6.3mmol/L, Sodium 137mmol/L) and severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.99, HC03 1.7mmol/L). Chest radiograph was normal. Elective intubation was done for respiratory distress. Acute haemodialysis performed due to refractory metabolic acidosis. Following haemodialysis, he became hypotensive which required inotropes. His Riker's score was low with absence of brainstem reflexes after withholding sedation. CT Brain showed generalised cerebral oedema consistent with global hypoxic changes involving the brainstem. The symptoms of DDS are caused by water movement into the brain causing cerebral oedema. Two theories have been proposed: reverse osmotic shift induced by urea removal and a fall in cerebral intracellular pH. Prevention is the key to the management of DDS. It is important to identify high risk patients and haemodialysis with reduced dialysis efficacy and gradual urea reduction is recommended. Patients who are vulnerable to DDS should be monitored closely. Low efficiency haemodialysis is recommended. Acute peritoneal dialysis might be an alternative option, but further studies are needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/adverse effects*
  13. Lee JK, Sara TT
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:35-8.
    PMID: 11200042
    Sixty-five patients with "Snuffbox" arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis were reviewed. The procedure was performed under local anaesthesia as an outpatient procedure. It was done as a "standby" procedure for 41.5% of patients with Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. 58.5% of patients had the procedure done for primary hemodialysis. Patency was assessed as presence of an engorged vein and presence of thrill. This was assessed routinely at 4 to 6 weeks after the procedure. Patency rate was noted to be 83%. The commonest complication was thrombosis of the arteriovenous anastomosis. Some patients required repeated procedure at a more proximal site. Further study to determine the blood flow rate provided by the anastomosis, and comparison with other anatomical sites is necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  14. Hooi LS
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):251-6.
    PMID: 10968094
    A retrospective review of 246 patients with established acute renal failure (ARF) needing dialysis from 1990-1994 is reported from Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Johor Bahru. Peritoneal dialysis was more commonly used than haemodialysis or haemofiltration. Patients on mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) who were hypercatabolic and fluid overloaded were treated with haemofiltration. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.5:1. The majority were Malays (61.4%). Most patients were from the district of Johor Bahru, but 41.5% were from other districts in the Johor state. The mean age was 47.1 years (SD 18.2). The ARF was caused by acute tubular necrosis in 55.3%, post-renal obstruction in 22.8%, nephrotoxins in 5.7% and other causes in 16.2%. The proportions of patients referred from the medical, surgical and obstetric and gynaecology units were 50.8%, 45.5% and 3.7% respectively. The mortality rate was 48%. Patients with established ARF should be dialysed early as they tolerate uraemia poorly. Prevention is by prompt treatment of patients with sepsis, avoidance of hypovolaemia and nephrotoxic drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  15. Lim TO, Lim YN, Wong HS, Ahmad G, Singam TS, Morad Z, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):442-52.
    PMID: 11072461
    We determine the cost effectiveness of centre and home haemodialysis (HD), continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) treatment in the Ministry of Health (MOH) programme. The viewpoint taken for this evaluation is that of MOH. Cost categories identified were capital cost, dialysis operational cost, medical cost and general hospital cost. Cost estimates were mostly based on actual resource utilisation. Life years saved were estimated based on Dialysis Registry data on 2480 HD and 732 CAPD patients. Overall, the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) of centre HD was RM21620/life year saved. Those of home HD, CAPD and IPD were RM23375, RM30469 and RM36016 respectively. Sensitivity analyses did not change the ranking of the CER. We conclude the MOH dialysis programme was cost-effective, and among the various dialysis modalities centre HD was the most cost-effective.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/economics*
  16. Lim TO, Lim YN, Wong HS, Ahmad G, Singam TS, Morad Z, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):459-70.
    PMID: 11072463
    We describe the outcomes on haemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) provided by the Ministry of Health (MOH). The assessment was based on data from the Malaysian Dialysis Registry on 2480 HD and 732 CAPD patients who commenced dialysis between 1980 and 1996. Young patients (age < 40) have remarkable long term survival (life expectancies of 16 years on HD, 18 years on CAPD). Adjusting for background mortality, relative survival of older patients was as good as younger ones. Diabetics did poorly. 52% of HD and 26% of CAPD patients were employed in 1996. 71% of HD patients scored 10(normal) on QL index (a measure of quality of life) while 60% of CAPD patients have similar score. Differences in rehabilitation and QL index scores by age, gender and diabetes were also observed. Outcomes of dialysis in the MOH programme are reassuring.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/standards*
  17. Ng KP, Saw TL, Wong NW, Goh KL, Chuah SY, Nagaratnam M
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):302-5.
    PMID: 8668047
    Anti-HCV antibody was detected in 1.9% of the blood donors in University Hospital. Among the risk groups, 33.3% of the patients with post-transfusion hepatitis were tested positive for anti-HCV antibody. The anti-HCV antibody was detected in 30% of the IDU. Haemodialysis patients, patients with acute and chronic hepatitis and patients with liver cirrhosis appeared to have increased risk of Hepatitis C virus infection. The results indicate that the frequency of HCV infection increases with the exposure to blood or blood products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/adverse effects
  18. Segasothy M, Kamal A, Suleiman AB
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Jun;41(2):144-51.
    PMID: 3821610
    Skeletal radiographs of 122 patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis were reviewed retrospectively for bone disease. Significant radiological bone changes were very low at commencement of dialysis (2- 9%), as well as at six months of dialysis (6.1%). This figure rose to 19.7% when the total period of dialysis was considered. In the latter group, fractures occurred in seven patients (5.7%), erosions in 12 patients (9.8%), vascular calcification in 13 patients (10.7%) and osteosclerosis in eight patients (6.6%). Osteoporosis was noted to be very common (76.2%). Significant bone changes are hence rare in maintenance haemodialysis patients in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
  19. Suleiman AB, Morad Z, Kamaluddin MA, Kong CT, Awang H, Arshad R, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Sep;40(3):239-42.
    PMID: 3842719
    Review of the haemodialysis experience revealed patient survival between 1976 and 1982 to be 90%, 77% and 44% at one, three and six years respectively. This was similar to other published reports. Patients under the age of 50 years did better than those above 50 years, and diabetics did worst of all. There was a high rate of rehabilitation and return to employment or household responsibilities. Our policy of self-care dialysis allowed more patients to be treated without increasing the number of staff Dialysis encephalopathy and sudden deaths were important causes of death.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis/adverse effects*
  20. Suleiman AB, Mohd Zaher ZM, Hamid A, Choo SH, Mok YL
    Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):59-64.
    PMID: 6513841
    A survey to assess the degree of occupational and physical rehabilitation was conducted on patients treated on chronic haemodialysis, using the semiquantitative Karnovsky scale. The survey revealed that over 90% of patients achieved good rehabilitation and returned to employment or to household duties. Chronic haemodialysis is effective in prolonging life and most patients were rehabilitated with useful levels of physical activity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Renal Dialysis*
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