MyMedR

Fulltext Variable outcome for epilepsy after neonatal hypoglycaemia

Fong CY, Harvey AS

Dev Med Child Neurol, 2014 Nov;56(11):1093-9.

PMID: 24861161 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12496

To evaluate the electroclinical features of epilepsy secondary to neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Using other minds as a window onto the world: guessing what happened from clues in behaviour

Pillai D, Sheppard E, Ropar D, Marsh L, Pearson A, Mitchell P

J Autism Dev Disord, 2014 Oct;44(10):2430-9.

PMID: 24710812 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2106-x

It has been proposed that mentalising involves retrodicting as well as predicting behaviour, by inferring previous mental states of a target. This study investigated whether retrodiction is impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Participants watched videos of real people reacting to the researcher behaving in one of four possible ways. Their task was to decide which of these four "scenarios" each person responded to. Participants' eye movements were recorded. Participants with ASD were poorer than comparison participants at identifying the scenario to which people in the videos were responding. There were no group differences in time spent looking at the eyes or mouth. The findings imply those with ASD are impaired in using mentalising skills for retrodiction.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Fulltext Father absence and reproduction-related outcomes in Malaysia, a transitional fertility population

Sheppard P, Snopkowski K, Sear R

Hum Nat, 2014 Jun;25(2):213-34.

PMID: 24610662 DOI: 10.1007/s12110-014-9195-2

Father absence is consistently associated with children's reproductive outcomes in industrialized countries. It has been suggested that father absence acts as a cue to particular environmental conditions that influence life history strategies. Much less is known, however, about the effects of father absence on such outcomes in lower-income countries. Using data from the 1988 Malaysian Family Life Survey (n = 567), we tested the effect of father absence on daughters' age at menarche, first marriage, and first birth; parity progression rates; and desired completed family size in Malaysia, a country undergoing an economic and fertility transition. Father absence during later childhood (ages 8 to 15), although not during earlier childhood, was associated with earlier progressions to first marriage and first birth, after controlling for other confounders. Father absence does not affect age at menarche, desired family size, or progression from first to second birth. The patterns found in this transitional population partly mirror those in developed societies, where father absence accelerates reproductive events. There is, however, a notable contrast between the acceleration in menarche for father-absent girls consistently found in developed societies and the lack of any association in our findings. The mechanisms through which father absence affects reproduction may differ in different ecological contexts. In lower-income contexts, direct paternal investment or influence may be of more importance in determining reproductive behavior than whether fathers act as a cue to environmental conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

The applicability of Greulich and Pyle atlas to assess skeletal age for four ethnic groups

Mansourvar M, Ismail MA, Raj RG, Kareem SA, Aik S, Gunalan R, et al.

J Forensic Leg Med, 2014 Feb;22:26-9.

PMID: 24485416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.11.011

Recently, determination of skeletal age, defined as the assessment of bone age, has rapidly become an important task between forensic experts and radiologists. The Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas is one of the most frequently used methods for the assessment of skeletal age around the world. After presentation of the GP approach for the estimation of the bone age, much research has been conducted to examine the usability of this method in various geographic or ethnic categories. This study investigates on a small-scale and compares the reliability of the GP atlas for assessment of the bone age for four ethnic groups - Asian, African/American, Caucasian and Hispanic - for a different range of ages.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Radiobiological long-term accumulation of environmental alpha radioactivity in extracted human teeth and animal bones in Malaysia

Almayahi BA, Tajuddin AA, Jaafar MS

J Environ Radioact, 2014 Mar;129:140-7.

PMID: 24462923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2014.01.001

In this study, the radiobiological analysis of natural alpha emitters in extracted human teeth and animal bones from Malaysia was estimated. The microdistributions of alpha particles in tooth and bone samples were measured using CR-39 alpha-particle track detectors. The lowest and highest alpha emission rates in teeth in the Kedah and Perak states were 0.0080 ± 0.0005 mBq cm(-2) and 0.061 ± 0.008 mBq cm(-2), whereas those of bones in the Perlis and Kedah states were 0.0140 ± 0.0001 mBq cm(-2) and 0.7700 ± 0.0282 mBq cm(-2), respectively. The average alpha emission rate in male teeth was 0.0209 ± 0.0008 mBq cm(-2), whereas that of female teeth was 0.0199 ± 0.0010 mBq cm(-2). The alpha emission rate in teeth is higher in smokers (0.0228 ± 0.0008 mBq cm(-2)) than in non-smokers (0.0179 ± 0.0008 mBq cm(-2)). Such difference was found statistically significant (p < 0.01).

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Judging the differences between women's attractiveness and health: is there really a difference between judgments made by men and women?

Stephen ID, Perera AT

Body Image, 2014 Mar;11(2):183-6.

PMID: 24405818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.11.007

Perceived weight in the face and body size have been shown to be significant predictors of both attractiveness and health. Studies looking at the relationship between attractiveness, perceived health, and perceived weight in faces have found that individuals prefer a lower weight for attractiveness than for apparent health. Here, a group of twenty-four Asian participants were allowed to manipulate the apparent body mass indices (BMIs) of full-length photographs of young Malaysian Chinese women to enhance their perceived healthiness and attractiveness. Results showed that both men and women differentiated between attractiveness and health by preferring a lower BMI for attractiveness than health, suggesting a consistency in the preferred ideal BMI for attractiveness and healthy appearance across both sexes. Results also suggested that BMI provides important cues to judgments of attractive and healthy appearance.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms reporting in Malaysian adolescents: do adolescents, parents and teachers agree with each other?

Wan Salwina WI, Baharudin A, Nik Ruzyanei NJ, Midin M, Rahman FN

Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Dec;6(6):483-7.

PMID: 24309858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.05.001

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a clinical diagnosis relying on persistence of symptoms across different settings. Information are gathered from different informants including adolescents, parents and teachers. In this cross-sectional study involving 410 twelve-year old adolescents, 37 teachers and 367 parents from seven schools in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, reliability of ADHD symptoms among the various informants were reported. ADHD symptoms (i.e. predominantly hyperactive, predominantly inattentive and combined symptoms) were assessed by adolescents, teachers and parents, using Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-report Scale (CASS), Conner's Teachers Rating Scale (CTRS) and Conner's Parents Rating Scale (CPRS) respectively. For predominantly hyperactive symptoms, there were statistically significant, weak positive correlations between parents and teachers reporting (r=0.241, p<0.01). Statistically significant, weak positive correlations were found between adolescents and parents for predominantly inattentive symptoms (r=0.283, p<0.01). Correlations between adolescents and parents reporting were statistically significant but weak (r=0.294, p<0.01). Weak correlations exist between the different informants reporting ADHD symptoms among Malaysian adolescents. While multiple informant ratings are required to facilitate the diagnosis of ADHD, effort should be taken to minimize the disagreement in reporting and better utilize the information.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Fulltext Organ donation in Muslim countries: the case of Malaysia

Tumin M, Noh A, Mohd Satar N, Chin-Sieng C, Soo-Kun L, Abdullah N, et al.

Ann. Transplant., 2013;18:671-6.

PMID: 24316733 DOI: 10.12659/AOT.889194

The aim of this paper is to look into the factors influencing Malaysian Muslims' decision to become deceased organ donors in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Incidence rates of emotional and behavioural problems in Malaysian children as measured by parent ratings of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

Gomez R, Suhaimi AF

Asian J Psychiatr, 2013 Dec;6(6):528-31.

PMID: 24309866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2013.06.009

The aim of this study was to ascertain the rates of emotional and behavioural problems (emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, peer problems, and low prosocial behaviour) of Malaysian children.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Fulltext Assessment of the optic nerve head parameters using Heidelberg retinal tomography III in preterm children

Alshaarawi S, Shatriah I, Zunaina E, Wan Hitam WH

PLoS One, 2014;9(2):e88056.

PMID: 24551076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088056

Variations in optic nerve head morphology and abnormal retinal vascular pattern have been described in preterm children using digital image analysis of fundus photograph, optical coherence tomograph and serial funduscopy. We aimed to compare the optic nerve head parameters in preterm and term Malay children using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Problem-solving skills and hardiness as protective factors against stress in Iranian nurses

Abdollahi A, Talib MA, Yaacob SN, Ismail Z

Issues Ment Health Nurs, 2014 Feb;35(2):100-7.

PMID: 24502467 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2013.843621

Nursing is a stressful occupation, even when compared with other health professions; therefore, it is necessary to advance our knowledge about the protective factors that can help reduce stress among nurses. The present study sought to investigate the associations among problem-solving skills and hardiness with perceived stress in nurses. The participants, 252 nurses from six private hospitals in Tehran, completed the Personal Views Survey, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Problem-Solving Inventory. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyse the data and answer the research hypotheses. As expected, greater hardiness was associated with low levels of perceived stress, and nurses low in perceived stress were more likely to be considered approachable, have a style that relied on their own sense of internal personal control, and demonstrate effective problem-solving confidence. These findings reinforce the importance of hardiness and problem-solving skills as protective factors against perceived stress among nurses, and could be important in training future nurses so that hardiness ability and problem-solving skills can be imparted, allowing nurses to have more ability to control their perceived stress.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Relative importance of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors on life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries

Mondal MN, Shitan M

J Epidemiol, 2014;24(2):117-24.

PMID: 24390415

BACKGROUND: We attempted to identify the pathways by which demographic changes, socioeconomic inequalities, and availability of health factors influence life expectancy in low- and lower-middle-income countries.

METHODS: Data for 91 countries were obtained from United Nations agencies. The response variable was life expectancy, and the determinant factors were demographic events (total fertility rate and adolescent fertility rate), socioeconomic status (mean years of schooling and gross national income per capita), and health factors (physician density and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] prevalence rate). Path analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect, and total effects of these factors on life expectancy.

RESULTS: All determinant factors were significantly correlated with life expectancy. Mean years of schooling, total fertility rate, and HIV prevalence rate had significant direct and indirect effects on life expectancy. The total effect of higher physician density was to increase life expectancy.

CONCLUSIONS: We identified several direct and indirect pathways that predict life expectancy. The findings suggest that policies should concentrate on improving reproductive decisions, increasing education, and reducing HIV transmission. In addition, special attention should be paid to the emerging need to increase life expectancy by increasing physician density.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Fulltext Factors affecting the HIV/AIDS epidemic: an ecological analysis of global data

Mondal MN, Shitan M

Afr Health Sci, 2013 Jun;13(2):301-10.

PMID: 24235928 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v13i2.15

All over the world the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has became a stumbling stone in progress of human civilization and is a huge concern for people worldwide.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Fulltext Determinants of public attitudes to genetically modified salmon

Amin L, Azad MA, Gausmian MH, Zulkifli F

PLoS One, 2014;9(1):e86174.

PMID: 24489695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086174

The objective of this paper is to assess the attitude of Malaysian stakeholders to genetically modified (GM) salmon and to identify the factors that influence their acceptance of GM salmon using a structural equation model. A survey was carried out on 434 representatives from various stakeholder groups in the Klang Valley region of Malaysia. Public attitude towards GM salmon was measured using self-developed questionnaires with seven-point Likert scales. The findings of this study have confirmed that public attitudes towards GM salmon is a complex issue and should be seen as a multi-faceted process. The most important direct predictors for the encouragement of GM salmon are the specific application-linked perceptions about religious acceptability of GM salmon followed by perceived risks and benefits, familiarity, and general promise of modern biotechnology. Encouragement of GM salmon also involves the interplay among other factors such as general concerns of biotechnology, threatening the natural order of things, the need for labeling, the need for patenting, confidence in regulation, and societal values. The research findings can serve as a database that will be useful for understanding the social construct of public attitude towards GM foods in a developing country.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Fulltext Sleep disturbances in Malaysian children with cerebral palsy

Atmawidjaja RW, Wong SW, Yang WW, Ong LC

Dev Med Child Neurol, 2014 Jul;56(7):681-5.

PMID: 24528212 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12399

The aim of the study was to compare the frequency and type of sleep disturbances in a group of Malaysian children aged 4 to 18 years with cerebral palsy (CP) with their nearest-age, able-bodied siblings and to identify factors associated with sleep disturbances.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Antenatal calcium intake in Malaysia

Mahdy ZA, Basri H, Md Isa Z, Ahmad S, Shamsuddin K, Mohd Amin R

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2014 Apr;40(4):983-7.

PMID: 24320794 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12277

To determine the adequacy of antenatal calcium intake in Malaysia, and the influencing factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

The interactive animated epilepsy education programme (IAEEP): how feasible, acceptable and practical is the technology to children?

Lua PL, Neni WS, Lee JK, Abd Aziz Z

Technol Health Care, 2013;21(6):547-56.

PMID: 24284547 DOI: 10.3233/THC-130758

Being well-informed and knowledgeable about their illnesses would be a great advantage to children with epilepsy (CWE). Subsequently, an effective education programme which could secure interest and simultaneously improve their awareness, knowledge and attitudes (AKA) is essential in enhancing well-being and health outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Predictors of sustained six months quitting success: efforts of smoking cessation in low intensity smoke-free workplaces

Yasin SM, Retneswari M, Moy FM, Taib KM, Ismail N

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2013 Aug;42(8):401-7.

PMID: 24045376

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to identify the predictors of a 6-month quitting success among employees involved in workplace smoking cessation with low-intensity smoke-free policy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted among employees from 2 different public universities in Malaysia. Interventions include at least 2 sessions of behavioural therapy combined with free nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for 8 weeks. Participants were followed up for 6 months. Independent variables assessed were on sociodemographic and environmental tobacco smoke. Their quit status were determined at 1 week, 3 months and 6 months.

RESULTS: One hundred and eighty- five smokers volunteered to participate. Among the participants, 15% and 13% sustained quit at 3 months and 6 months respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that at 6 months, attending all 3 behavioural sessions predicted success. None of the environmental tobacco exposure variables were predictive of sustained cessation.

CONCLUSION: Individual predictors of success in intra-workplace smoking cessation programmes do not differ from the conventional clinic-based smoking cessation. Furthermore, environmental tobacco exposure in low intensity smoke-free workplaces has limited influence on smokers who succeeded in maintaining 6 months quitting.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

How much energy is locked in the USA? Alternative metrics for characterising the magnitude of overweight and obesity derived from BRFSS 2010 data

Reidpath DD, Masood M, Allotey P

Int J Public Health, 2014 Jun;59(3):503-7.

PMID: 24045784 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-013-0510-1

OBJECTIVES: Four metrics to characterise population overweight are described.

METHODS: Behavioural Risk Factors Surveillance System data were used to estimate the weight the US population needed to lose to achieve a BMI

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

Body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran

Jalali-Farahani S, Chin YS, Amiri P, Mohd Taib MN

Child Care Health Dev, 2014 Sep;40(5):731-9.

PMID: 23952615 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12103

The study aimed to determine the association between body mass index (BMI)-for-age and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among high school students in Tehran.

Matched MeSH terms: Adolescent

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