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Fulltext Acute myocardial injury: an entity of acute coronary syndromes

Daud MS, Khalid Y

Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):183-5.
PMID: 10968081

A 46-year-old Indian man was admitted with unstable angina (Braunwald's class IIIB1)--the chest pain at rest was associated with inferolateral ischaemia on the ECG at admission. His serial total creatine kinase levels were elevated but CKMB was not detected. Serial serum troponin T levels were significantly raised suggesting the presence of significant acute myocardial injury.
Fulltext The influence of depassivating element on the performance of aluminium anodes

Daud, M., Mohd Kamarudin, S.R., Samsu, Z., Ripin, M.S., Sattar, M.S., Rejab, R.

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2013;2013(2):16-20.
MyJurnal

The corrosion behaviour of ternary aluminium alloy sacrificial anodes with small amount addition of tin as depassivating element in natural seawater was studied by means of conventional DC electrochemical measurements. Metallurgical microscope was employed in order to observe the changing of microstructure caused by tin present in ternary alloys. The relationship between microstructure and electrochemical results was examined and particular attention paid to the cause of the electrochemical efficiency of anode performance. The results indicate that the proper precipitates uniformly distributed of tin are influence on improving electrochemical performance of alumnium alloy anode.
Primary middle ear tuberculosis mimicking cholesteatoma

Aziz A, Md Daud MK

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(1):44-46.
PMID: 32284804

Tuberculous granuloma in the middle ear is an unusual entity. Herein, we report a case with short presentation of otitis media with mastoid abscess but with a CT scan showing widespread bone destruction. The cause was determined to be middle ear tuberculosis. Awareness of this entity is important, as it may cause a delay in referral to an otorhinolaryngology specialist and, subsequently, a delay in initiating treatment. Therefore, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially when the usual treatment fails to produce the desired result.
Fulltext Congenital cholesteatoma: Different clinical presentation in two cases

Abdul Jalil S, Md Daud MK

Malays Fam Physician, 2016;11(2-3):30-32.
PMID: 28461856

INTRODUCTION: Congenital cholesteatoma (CC) of the middle ear is a rare entity that may be undiagnosed for years. The lesion can grow undetected until it produces symptoms such as reduced hearing or otalgia.

METHOD: Case report.

RESULTS: We report two cases of young ladies with CC who presented with different otological symptoms. The first case complained of recurrent unilateral ear pain while the second case presented with unilateral reduced hearing. Examination of both cases revealed a whitish mass seen behind an intact tympanic membrane. Both cases underwent surgery and histopathological examinations; findings were consistent with cholesteatoma.

CONCLUSION: There are varieties of clinical presentations of CC and the diagnosis is based on clinical findings.
Cardiac sarcoidosis: two cases with autopsy findings

Wan Muhaizan WM, Swaminathan M, Daud MS

Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):59-63.
PMID: 16196153

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a disease of young adults. In most cases it presents with sudden death, arrhythmias, conduction disorders, heart failure or cardiomyopathy. The authors describe two cases of myocardial involvement by sarcoidosis that lead to death of the patients. Case one was a 26-year-old Indian man who was previously well and presented with sudden death. Autopsy showed nodules of sarcoid granuloma involving the heart, lungs and lymph nodes. Case two was a 47-year-old Indian lady who complained of reduced effort tolerance. Echocardiography showed that she had restrictive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with heart failure. Seven months after initial presentation, she developed worsening of heart failure and died. Autopsy revealed involvement of the heart, lungs and liver by sarcoidosis.
Fulltext Glomus tympanicum

Appannan VR, Md Daud MK

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(1):45-48.
PMID: 29796211

Glomus tympanicum is a tumour classified under the group glomus tumours, and is also known as paragangliomas. It is thought to commonly occur in women in the fifth to sixth decades of life. Here, we report a case of a 77-year-old lady with multiple co-morbids and a diagnosis of glomus tympanicum presenting to us. Her symptoms included pulsatile tinnitus, and reduced hearing, and the management of the case was done with consideration for her underlying multiple co-morbidities. This paper also describes the best modality of treatment for this patient with regard to her background history. The treatment goal was to improve her quality of life and control the disease.
The efficacy of intratympanic steroid injection for the treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss

Chew SC, Md Daud MK

Med J Malaysia, 2020 01;75(1):74-77.
PMID: 32008025

OBJECTIVE: A systemic steroid is known to have a potential to recover hearing after idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). However, lately many centres have introduced the use of intratympanic (IT) steroid therapy as an option. We reviewed our experience in the treatment of patients with ISSHL looking at the overall success of using systemic steroid, IT steroid injections as salvage therapy and primary IT steroid injection.
METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 20 patients who had suffered from ISSHL from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2017. ISSHL is defined as a rapid decline in hearing over three days or less affecting three or more frequencies by 30dB or greater. Comparison between the mode of steroid therapies and improvement in patients was done. At least 15dB improvement in pure tone audiogram (PTA) was considered as successful therapeutic intervention.
RESULTS: Twenty male and female patients who fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included. The mean age of the patients was 41.4 years with a range from 13 to 72 years. Ninety percent patients presented with unilateral ISSHL involvement. Eight ears of patients who received systemic steroid therapy alone had improved hearings (75%). Out of seven ears from six patients who received salvage therapy, four ears (57.1 %) had improvement in PTA. Seven ears showed improvement in PTA from a total of eight patients who primarily received IT injections.
CONCLUSIONS: IT steroid therapy promises a favourable outcome in the improvement of the hearing, as compared to systemic steroid administration. Its usage is recommended not only for salvage therapy but should be used as primary treatment especially in those with co- morbidities.
Fulltext Role of diabetes in the prognosis and therapeutic outcome of tuberculosis

Syed Suleiman SA, Ishaq Aweis DM, Mohamed AJ, Razakmuttalif A, Moussa MA

Int J Endocrinol, 2012;2012:645362.
PMID: 22570649 DOI: 10.1155/2012/645362

Background. Increased susceptibility of diabetic mellitus (DM) patients to infection, including tuberculosis (TB), is well documented. The prevalence of DM in Malaysia is reaching epidemic proportions. In this study, we sought to assess risk factors for TB and the impact of DM on the outcome of TB treatment. Methods. TB patients, diabetic patients, and diabetic patients with TB were divided into three groups of 200 subjects each. Data were obtained from patients' medical files at the beginning and end of the study period. Prevalence rates of DM and HIV among TB patients were assessed. Prognosis, TB-related complications, anatomical site of infection, and duration of infection and diabetes were also examined. Results. The prevalence rates of HIV and DM amongst TB patients were 7.7 and 30%, respectively. The diabetic TB patient group contained more males (72%) and smokers (45.5%) compared to the nondiabetic group (58.3% and 33.5%, resp.). Approximately 74% of diabetic patients were Mycobacterium sputum positive compared to only 51% of nondiabetic patients. Diabetic patients were also more likely to develop pulmonary TB (87%) compared to nondiabetic TB patients (59%). Diabetic TB patients had a higher mortality rate (7.5%) compared to the TB only and DM only groups (1 and 2%, resp.). The duration of TB symptoms was longer in nondiabetic TB patients compared to diabetic TB patients (4.5 versus 2.6 months, resp.). Diabetes antedated TB by a mean time of 4 years. Conclusions. We found a higher number of sputum-smear-positive cases and pulmonary TB cases as well as a greater number of males and higher mortality rate in diabetic patients compared to nondiabetic patients.
Inquiries into Malaysia's socio-technical disasters: recommendations and lessons learnt

Said AM, Ahmadun FR, Abdul Kadir R, Daud M

Disasters, 2009 Apr;33(2):308-28.
PMID: 18771531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7717.2008.01076.x

Most democratic countries hold inquiries into disasters. One of their key functions is to establish the cause of an event and to learn lessons in order to prevent a recurrence. In addition, they offer an opportunity for communal catharsis, permitting the public to vent anger, distress and frustration and to exert pressure for policy changes. Malaysia has experienced six landmark socio-technical disasters since 1968, which resulted in the proposal or amendment of various safety/emergency acts and regulations. The authors used a grounded theory approach utilising a constant comparative method to analyse the recommendations made by the inquiries into these events. Data indicate that social and technical recommendations comprise 85 and 15 per cent, respectively, of the total recommendations made by the inquiry committees. This paper offers suggestions for improving the management of inquiry tribunals, as they will remain a valuable source of information for society and corporations to learn from past incidents.
Relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting as right aural polyp with facial and mandibular nerves palsy

Shiun Chuen C, Md Daud MK, Che Jalil NA, Hazmi H

Med J Malaysia, 2017 10;72(5):318-320.
PMID: 29197892 MyJurnal

A patient presenting with an ear polyp is a common finding in otorhinolaryngology practice. The common causes include chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma. We report an adult female patient with a history of acute leukaemia presenting with chronic otitis media symptoms and right ear polyp. She was subsequently diagnosed as relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia based on histopathological examination. The presentation may be similar to an inflammatory pathology of the middle ear, making it misleading.
Fulltext The activity leading to ACL injury and the ability to resume duty following reconstructive surgery in Malaysian Military Patients

Tengku Md Shihabudin TM, Ahmad S, Kasmin M, Mohamad Nor M, Fuad Daud M, Hamdan MA

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):115-8.
PMID: 23629555 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among Malaysian military patients but has not been studied closely. The purpose of this study was to assess the type of activities leading to the ACL injury and the outcome of reconstructive ACL surgery at one year follow up.
METHODS: From the registry record, military patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction in two Malaysian military hospitals were identified. Their medical records were reviewed. The activities that they performed when the ACL injury occurred were identified. After ACL reconstruction, the patients' ability to resume previous duty at one year follow up was evaluated.
RESULTS: From 111 patients, 82% of the ACL injuries were due to sporting activities whereas military activities and road traffic accident accounted for 14% and 4% respectively. Out of 69 patients with isolated ACL injury who were followed up at one year, all except two were able to resume their previous duty.
CONCLUSIONS: Among the military patients who underwent ACL reconstruction, ACL injury was mainly due to sporting activity. ACL reconstruction showed good outcome at one year follow up.
Screening of dental staff nurses for noise induced hearing loss

Daud MK, Noh NF, Sidek DS, Abd Rahman N, Abd Rani N, Zakaria MN

B-ENT, 2011;7(4):245-9.
PMID: 22338236

The effect of noise on employees of dental clinics is debatable. The purposes of this study were to determine the intensity and frequency components of dental instruments used by dental staff nurses and the prevalence of noise induced hearing loss.
The effect of mild hearing loss on academic performance in primary school children

Khairi Md Daud M, Noor RM, Rahman NA, Sidek DS, Mohamad A

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2010 Jan;74(1):67-70.
PMID: 19913305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.10.013

To determine the prevalence of mild hearing loss and its association with academic performance among primary school children.
Gender differences in coping skills of parents with hearing-impaired children

Md Daud MK, Noor SS, Yusoff MN, Abd Rahman N, Zakaria MN

B-ENT, 2013;9(4):319-23.
PMID: 24597108

To assess differences between the coping strategies of the mothers and fathers with hearing-impaired children.
Valorization of groundnut shell via pyrolysis: Product distribution, thermodynamic analysis, kinetic estimation, and artificial neural network modeling

Hai A, Bharath G, Daud M, Rambabu K, Ali I, Hasan SW, et al.

Chemosphere, 2021 Nov;283:131162.
PMID: 34157626 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131162

Pyrolysis of agricultural biomass is a promising technique for producing renewable energy and effectively managing solid waste. In this study, groundnut shell (GNS) was processed at 500 °C in an inert gas atmosphere with a gas flow rate and a heating rate of 10 mL/min and 10 °C/min, respectively, in a custom-designed fluidized bed pyrolytic-reactor. Under optimal operating conditions, the GNS-derived pyrolytic-oil yield was 62.8 wt.%, with the corresponding biochar (19.5 wt.%) and biogas yields (17.7 wt.%). The GC-MS analysis of the GNS-based bio-oil confirmed the presence of (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (18.814%), 2-Fluoroformyl-3,3,4,4-tetrafluoro-1,2-oxazetidine (16.23%), 5,7-dimethyl-1H-Indazole (11.613%), N-methyl-N-nitropropan-2-amine (6.5%) and butyl piperidino sulfone (5.668%) as major components, which are used as building blocks in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, and food industries. Furthermore, a 2 × 5 × 1 artificial neural network (ANN) architecture was developed to predict the decomposition behavior of GNS at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 °C/min, while the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters were estimated using a non-isothermal model-free method. The Popescu method predicted activation energy (Ea) of GNS biomass ranging from 111 kJ/mol to 260 kJ/mol, with changes in enthalpy (ΔH), Gibbs-free energy (ΔG), and entropy (ΔS) ranging from 106 to 254 kJ/mol, 162-241 kJ/mol, and -0.0937 to 0.0598 kJ/mol/K, respectively. The extraction of high-quality precursors from GNS pyrolysis was demonstrated in this study, as well as the usefulness of the ANN technique for thermogravimetric analysis of biomass.
Fulltext Feasibility of implementing chronic care model in the Malaysian public primary care setting

Ariffin F, Ramli AS, Daud MH, Haniff J, Abdul-Razak S, Selvarajah S, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2017 04;72(2):106-112.
PMID: 28473673 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) is a global health threat. the Chronic Care Model (CCM) was proven effective in improving NCD management and outcomes in developed countries. Evidence from developing countries including Malaysia is limited and feasibility of CCM implementation has not been assessed. this study intends to assess the feasibility of public primary health care clinics (PHC) in providing care according to the CCM.

METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the public PHC ability to implement the components of CCM. All public PHC with Family Medicine Specialist in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur were invited to participate. A site feasibility questionnaire was distributed to collect site investigator and clinic information as well as delivery of care for diabetes and hypertension.

RESULTS: there were a total of 34 public PHC invited to participate with a response rate of 100%. there were 20 urban and 14 suburban clinics. the average number of patients seen per day ranged between 250-1000 patients. the clinic has a good mix of multidisciplinary team members. All clinics had a diabetic registry and 73.5% had a hypertensive registry. 23.5% had a dedicated diabetes and 26.5% had a dedicated hypertension clinic with most clinic implementing integrated care of acute and NCD cases.

DISCUSSION: the implementation of the essential components of CCM is feasible in public PHCs, despite various constraints. Although variations in delivery of care exists, majority of the clinics have adequate staff that were willing to be trained and are committed to improving patient care.
Automated pterygium detection method of anterior segment photographed images

Wan Zaki WMD, Mat Daud M, Abdani SR, Hussain A, Mutalib HA

Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2018 Feb;154:71-78.
PMID: 29249348 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2017.10.026

BACKGROUND AND BJECTIVE: Pterygium is an ocular disease caused by fibrovascular tissue encroachment onto the corneal region. The tissue may cause vision blurring if it grows into the pupil region. In this study, we propose an automatic detection method to differentiate pterygium from non-pterygium (normal) cases on the basis of frontal eye photographed images, also known as anterior segment photographed images.
METHODS: The pterygium screening system was tested on two normal eye databases (UBIRIS and MILES) and two pterygium databases (Australia Pterygium and Brazil Pterygium). This system comprises four modules: (i) a preprocessing module to enhance the pterygium tissue using HSV-Sigmoid; (ii) a segmentation module to differentiate the corneal region and the pterygium tissue; (iii) a feature extraction module to extract corneal features using circularity ratio, Haralick's circularity, eccentricity, and solidity; and (iv) a classification module to identify the presence or absence of pterygium. System performance was evaluated using support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network.
RESULTS: The three-step frame differencing technique was introduced in the corneal segmentation module. The output image successfully covered the region of interest with an average accuracy of 0.9127. The performance of the proposed system using SVM provided the most promising results of 88.7%, 88.3%, and 95.6% for sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve, respectively.
CONCLUSION: A basic platform for computer-aided pterygium screening was successfully developed using the proposed modules. The proposed system can classify pterygium and non-pterygium cases reasonably well. In our future work, a standard grading system will be developed to identify the severity of pterygium cases. This system is expected to increase the awareness of communities in rural areas on pterygium.
Fulltext Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms

Anjum A, Yazid MD, Fauzi Daud M, Idris J, Ng AMH, Selvi Naicker A, et al.

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 Oct 13;21(20).
PMID: 33066029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207533

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Its pathophysiology comprises acute and chronic phases and incorporates a cascade of destructive events such as ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory events, apoptotic pathways and locomotor dysfunctions. Many therapeutic strategies have been proposed to overcome neurodegenerative events and reduce secondary neuronal damage. Efforts have also been devoted in developing neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative therapies that promote neuronal recovery and outcome. Although varying degrees of success have been achieved, curative accomplishment is still elusive probably due to the complex healing and protective mechanisms involved. Thus, current understanding in this area must be assessed to formulate appropriate treatment modalities to improve SCI recovery. This review aims to promote the understanding of SCI pathophysiology, interrelated or interlinked multimolecular interactions and various methods of neuronal recovery i.e., neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and neuro-regenerative pathways and relevant approaches.

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