Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 238 in total

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  1. Efficacy of Contrasperm as a male contraceptive: clinical trials in Malaysian men
    Hamid A, Jaffar A
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Jan;1(1):75-82.
    PMID: 12279893
    PIP:
    The efficacy of a recently marketed posttesticular male oral contraceptive, Contrasperm, was assessed in a clinical trial involving 32 Malaysian volunteers ages 21-39 years. Contrasperm is claimed to be a pure botanical extract free of toxic chemicals, steroids, and hormones. The drug is believed to cause cells surrounding the sperm in the seminiferous tubules to secrete carbon dioxide, producing a weakly acidic environment that greatly increases the sperms' metabolism and reduces the pH of semen from its normal level of 7.5 to 1.5. The manufacturer claims that this drop in pH decreases motility from 95% to 0%. Semen samples were collected by masturbation from subjects to provide baseline data. 3 days after the initial sperm analysis, subjects were given 1 capsule of Contrasperm containing 10 mcg of the active ingredient. Additional semen analyses were conducted 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after ingestion. Sperm count and sperm motility were greatly reduced in most subjects 30 minutes after ingestion. However, 6 subjects had increased sperm counts and 4 subjects demonstrated increased sperm motility, indicating an enhancing effect. At 6 hours after ingestion, 20 subjects had lowered sperm motility and 12 subjects showed normal sperm motility, contradicting the manufacturer's claim that motility is reduced to 0%. Although Contrasperm is claimed to be effective for 6-8 hours after ingestion, its effect wore off in less than 6 hours in 37% of subjects. Both sperm count and sperm motility returned to normal levels 24 hours after ingestion, confirming the reversibility of this drug. Most subjects reported mild side effects such as muscle weakness, blurred vision, dizziness, perspiration, urgency, abnormal muscle tension, and dry throat which persisted longer than 24 hours. Further studies, with proper controls, are needed to assess the reliability and toxicity of this preparation.
  2. Fulltext Relationship between antioxidant capacity and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of papain-generated protein hydrolysates and peptides from palm kernel cake proteins
    Zarei, M., Abdul-Hamid, A., Muhialdin B. J., Saari, N.
    International Food Research Journal, 2019;26(5):1641-1649.
    MyJurnal
    Palm kernel cake (PKC) proteins were hydrolysed in the presence of seven proteolytic enzymes.
    The antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of each protein hydrolysate were evaluated.
    Papain-generated protein hydrolysate showed the highest antioxidant effects measured by
    radical scavenging activity (65%), iron (Fe)(II)-chelating activity (65%), and antihypertensive
    activity (71%). The results revealed a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of
    the protein hydrolysates with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (R2
    = 0.69 - 0.98), except for trypsin-generated hydrolysate (R2 = 0.22). The most potent protein
    hydrolysate was fractionated and profiled using reversed-phase high-performance liquid
    chromatography and isoelectric focusing; peptides were subsequently isolated and identified
    by tandem mass spectrometry. The individual peptides were evaluated for antihypertension
    potential. A positive correlation was identified between radical scavenging activity and Fe(II)-
    chelating activity together and ACE inhibitory activity with R2= 0.69 - 0.98. The findings indicate that there was a positive relationship between the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of protein hydrolysates and bioactive peptides from PKC proteins.
  3. Fulltext Boronate derivatives of functionally diverse catechols: stability studies
    Ketuly KA, Hadi AH
    Molecules, 2010 Apr;15(4):2347-56.
    PMID: 20428047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042347
    Benzeneboronate of catecholic carboxyl methyl esters, N-acetyldopamine, coumarin and catechol estrogens were prepared as crystalline derivatives in high yield. Related catechol compounds with extra polar functional group(s) (OH, NH2) do not form or only partially form unstable cyclic boronate derivatives.
  4. Fulltext (-)-Kunstleramide, a new antioxidant and cytotoxic dienamide from the bark of Beilschmiedia kunstleri gamble
    Mollataghi A, Hadi AH, Cheah SC
    Molecules, 2012 Apr 05;17(4):4197-208.
    PMID: 22481540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17044197
    A new dienamide, (2E,4E)-7-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-6-(R)-hydroxyhepta- 2,4-dienamide, named (-)-kunstleramide (1), were isolated from the bark of Beilschmiedia kunstleri Gamble together with one neolignan: (+)-kunstlerone (2) and seven known alkaloids: (+)-nornuciferine (3), (-)-isocaryachine (4), (+)-cassythicine (5), (+)-laurotetanine (6), (+)-boldine (7), noratherosperminine (8), (+)-N-demethylphyllocaryptine (9). Their structures were established from spectroscopic techniques, most notably 1D- and 2D-NMR, UV, IR, OR, circular dichroism (CD) spectra and LCMS-IT-TOF. (-)-Kunstleramide (1) exhibited very poor dose-dependent inhibition of DPPH activity, with an IC₅₀ value of 179.5 ± 4.4 μg/mL, but showed a moderate cytotoxic effect on MTT assays of A375, A549, HT-29, PC-3 and WRL-68 with EC₅₀ values of 64.65, 44.74, 55.94, 73.87 and 70.95 µg/mL, respectively.
  5. COVID-19 first anniversary review of cases, hospitalization, and mortality in the UK
    Merchant HA, Kow CS, Hasan SS
    Expert Rev Respir Med, 2021 08;15(8):973-978.
    PMID: 33573416 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2021.1890035
    Introduction: The first confirmed COVID-19 case in UK dates to 11 January 2020, exhibiting its first peak during April 2020. The country has since been hit by another wave in the winter 2020, almost at the first anniversary of the pandemic.Areas covered: An in-depth analysis of the COVID-19 positive cases in the UK throughout the year, hospitalizations, patients in critical care, and COVID-19 associated deaths.Expert opinion: The COVID-19 associated hospital admission accounts to 15% of total COVID-19 positive cases in November 2020. The percentage of total COVID-19 positive patients in the country died from the disease was under 4% in November 2020. Total deaths in England (all-cause) from June to October 2020 were similar to the historic averages. Age was the single most determinator of COVID-19 associated mortality, 50 years or older accounted for 98% of total COVID deaths. Age distribution of COVID-19 associated deaths in 2020 was similar to all-cause mortality age distribution in 2019. There was no significant improvement in the survival rate of COVID-19 patients receiving critical care. This prompts an urgent need to invest in novel antiviral therapeutics to save the most vulnerable in the society.
  6. A new deformable model based on fractional Wright energy function for tumor segmentation of volumetric brain MRI scans
    Ibrahim RW, Hasan AM, Jalab HA
    Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2018 Sep;163:21-28.
    PMID: 30119853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.05.031
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The MRI brain tumors segmentation is challenging due to variations in terms of size, shape, location and features' intensity of the tumor. Active contour has been applied in MRI scan image segmentation due to its ability to produce regions with boundaries. The main difficulty that encounters the active contour segmentation is the boundary tracking which is controlled by minimization of energy function for segmentation. Hence, this study proposes a novel fractional Wright function (FWF) as a minimization of energy technique to improve the performance of active contour without edge method.

    METHOD: In this study, we implement FWF as an energy minimization function to replace the standard gradient-descent method as minimization function in Chan-Vese segmentation technique. The proposed FWF is used to find the boundaries of an object by controlling the inside and outside values of the contour. In this study, the objective evaluation is used to distinguish the differences between the processed segmented images and ground truth using a set of statistical parameters; true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative.

    RESULTS: The FWF as a minimization of energy was successfully implemented on BRATS 2013 image dataset. The achieved overall average sensitivity score of the brain tumors segmentation was 94.8 ± 4.7%.

    CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that the proposed FWF method minimized the energy function more than the gradient-decent method that was used in the original three-dimensional active contour without edge (3DACWE) method.

  7. Fulltext Mortality risk in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 of the lineage B.1.1.7 in the UK
    Kow CS, Merchant HA, Hasan SS
    J Infect, 2021 Jul;83(1):e14-e15.
    PMID: 33992685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.05.008
  8. Fulltext A comparative study of antibacterial and antivirulence activities of four selected honeys to Manuka honey
    Al-Kafaween MA, Nagi Al-Jamal HA
    Iran J Microbiol, 2022 Apr;14(2):238-251.
    PMID: 35765547 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i2.9193
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Honey has excellent antibacterial properties against various microorganisms of several different species. To date, there is no comparative evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Jarrah honey (JH), Kelulut Madu honey (KMH), Gelam honey (GH), and Acacia honey (AH) with that of Manuka honey (MH). The purpose of this study was to conduct such study and to compare the antibacterial activity of JH, KMH, GH, and AH with that of MH against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Activity was assessed using broth microdilution, time kill viability, microtiter plate, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR).

    RESULTS: The susceptibility tests revealed promising antibacterial activities of all honeys against both bacteria. The MICs of JH, KMH, GH, and AH ranged from 20% to 25% compared to MH (12.5%) against both bacteria. The MBCs of JH, KMH, GH, and AH ranged from 20% to 50% compared to MH (20%) against both bacteria. Treatment of both bacteria with 2× MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of MH, JH, KMH, GH, and AH for 9 hours resulted in reduction in colony-forming unit (CFU/ml). SEM images showed that the morphological changes, cell destruction, cell lysis and biofilm disruption in both bacteria after exposure to all honeys. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of all genes in both bacteria were downregulated following treatment with all honeys. Among the all-tested honeys, MH showed the highest total antibacterial and antivirulence activities.

    CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that all honeys activity included inhibition of both bacteria due to a decrease in expression of essential genes associated with both bacteria, suggesting that all honeys could potentially be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against certain microorganisms particularly against P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes.

  9. Fulltext How much should doctors tell their patients?
    Abdul Hamid AK
    Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):133-5.
    PMID: 24326642
  10. Private medical education--the doctor's perspective
    Abdul Hamid AK
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Aug;55 Suppl B:23-7.
    PMID: 11125516
    The Government's decision to drastically and speedily increase the number of doctors in the country needs to be reviewed. The standard and quality of health care does not depend on the number of doctors, but on the improvement of the health care infrastructure. Increasing the number of government medical schools and increasing the intake of students should be done on a need-to basis, with the above perspective in mind. The selection criteria of candidates must not be compromised and the teaching staff must be adequate and experienced. The number of doctors should be gradually increased over the years in tandem with the development of the health care infrastructure and the deployment of doctors must be directed at providing equitable care to the people at all economic levels and geographic locations. The strength of academic staff in existing government medical schools must be upgraded to provide high level of teaching and research, perhaps reinforced with the recruitment of suitably qualified and experienced foreign teachers. The infrastructure of existing government medical schools must be upgraded to cater for the gradual increasing demand for more doctors as the country develops. The selection of candidates for the government medical schools must be based on merit and without undue emphasis on ethnic considerations, for it is only in the arena of fair competitiveness that excellence can be born. The considerations of merit in selection must include assessment of attitude, self-development, moral ethics and reasoning. If the above perspectives are fully appreciated, then there is really no requirement for private medical colleges in Malaysia.
  11. Fulltext Orthopaedic problems in the elderly
    Hamid AKA
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Sep;52(3):226-30.
    PMID: 10968090
  12. Fulltext Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive flavonoid from Strobilanthes crispus (pecah kaca) and its comparison with solvent extraction
    Liza, M.S., Abdul Rahman, R., Mandana, B., Jinap, S., Rahmat, A., Zaidul, I.S.M., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(2):503-508.
    MyJurnal
    Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SC-CO2) of bioactive flavonoid from Strobilanthes crispus (Pecah Kaca) was performed to study the effects of various parameters such as pressure, temperature and dynamic extraction time on the yield and composition of bioactive flavonoid. The results were also compared with those obtained by conventional Soxhlet extraction in lab conditions. The results from SFE showed that the effect of extraction variables on extraction yields decreased in the following order: pressure, temperature and dynamic extraction time. The extraction pressure played a dominant role in the yield of the sample while the effect of time could be ignored. This study also revealed that both Soxhlet extraction and SC-CO2 extraction can be used to obtain flavonoid compound. Under the optimum conditions, the highest bioactive flavonoid compound content was obtained at 3.98% and eight flavonoid compounds were identified by HPLC.
  13. Fulltext Effect of different drying methods on the degradation of selected flavonoids in Centella asiatica
    Mohd Zainol, M.K., Abdul-Hamid A., Abu Bakar, F., Pak Dek, S.
    International Food Research Journal, 2009;16(4):531-537.
    MyJurnal
    The effect of different drying methods on the degradation of flavonoids in Centella asiatica was evaluated. C. asiatica leaf, root and petiole were dried using air-oven, vacuum oven and freeze drier. Flavonoid was determined utilizing reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results of the study revealed the presence of high concentration of flavonoids in C. asiatica leaf, root and petiole, which include, naringin (4688.8 ± 69 μg/100 g, 3561.3 ± 205 μg/ 100 g, and 978.3 ± 96 μg/ 100 g), rutin (905.6 ± 123 μg/ 100 g, 756.07 ± 95 μg/ 100 g, and 557.25 ± 58 μg/ 100 g), quercetin (3501.1 ± 107 μg/ 100 g, 1086.31 ± 90 μg/ 100 g, and 947.63 ± 83 μg/ 100 g) and catechin (915.87 ± 6.01 μg/ 100 g, 400.6 ± 67 μg/ 100 g, and 250.56 ± 18 μg/ 100g). Luteolin, kaempferol and apigenin on the other hand, were inconsistently present in some parts of C. asiatica. Air-oven treatment resulted in the highest total flavonoids degradation followed by vacuum oven and freeze dried with percent degradation of 97%, 87.6% and 73%, respectively. Catechin and rutin were found to be the most stable flavonoids with percent degradation up to 35%, 66% and 76% for freeze dried, vacuum oven and air oven, respectively.
  14. Fulltext Effect of belimbing buluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) juice extract on oxidative stability and microbiological quality of spent chicken meat
    Nakyinsige, K., Salwani, M.S., Sazili, A.Q., Abdul Rahman, N.S., Abd Hamid, A., Adeyemi, K.D., et al.
    International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(6):2675-2680.
    MyJurnal
    This study evaluated the effects of Averrhoa bilimbi juice extract and storage temperature
    on lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage of spent chicken meat. Ten, 80 weeks old spent
    chickens were slaughtered, eviscerated and aged for 24 h at 4oC. Thereafter, the Pectoralis
    major muscles and right thighs were excised and marinated in either A. bilimbi juice extract,
    pure distilled water, or no marination (control) for either 4 or 9 h at room temperature or 9 or 24
    h at 4°C. Lipid oxidation was monitored on the Pectoralis major muscles while the right thighs
    were assessed for Enterobacteriacea counts. Lipid oxidation was not significantly affected
    by the type or duration of marination. Marination showed a temperature dependent effect on
    Enterobacteriacea counts. At room temperature, samples that were marinated by distilled water
    showed significantly higher Enterobacteriacea counts than the control while those that were
    marinated with A. bilimbi juice extract showed no growth at both 4 and 9 h of marination. At
    chilled temperature, marination had no significant effects on the growth of Enterobacteriacea
    during the 9 or 24 h storage. These results indicated that A. bilimbi juice extract marinade has
    some antibacterial activities but works better when combined with refrigerated storage.
  15. The effect of oral contraceptives in Malaysians: II. folate and vitamin B12 metabolism
    Jaffar A, Khalid H, Hamid A, Noor Laily Abu Bakar
    Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Jan;1(1):69-74.
    PMID: 12279892
  16. Fulltext Improving RLRN image splicing detection with the Use of PCA and kernel PCA
    Moghaddasi Z, Jalab HA, Md Noor R, Aghabozorgi S
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:606570.
    PMID: 25295304 DOI: 10.1155/2014/606570
    Digital image forgery is becoming easier to perform because of the rapid development of various manipulation tools. Image splicing is one of the most prevalent techniques. Digital images had lost their trustability, and researches have exerted considerable effort to regain such trustability by focusing mostly on algorithms. However, most of the proposed algorithms are incapable of handling high dimensionality and redundancy in the extracted features. Moreover, existing algorithms are limited by high computational time. This study focuses on improving one of the image splicing detection algorithms, that is, the run length run number algorithm (RLRN), by applying two dimension reduction methods, namely, principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel PCA. Support vector machine is used to distinguish between authentic and spliced images. Results show that kernel PCA is a nonlinear dimension reduction method that has the best effect on R, G, B, and Y channels and gray-scale images.
  17. Fulltext Cholinesterase enzymes inhibitors from the leaves of Rauvolfia reflexa and their molecular docking study
    Fadaeinasab M, Hadi AH, Kia Y, Basiri A, Murugaiyah V
    Molecules, 2013 Mar 25;18(4):3779-88.
    PMID: 23529036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18043779
    Plants of the Apocynaceae family have been traditionally used in the treatment of age-related brain disorders. Rauvolfia reflexa, a member of the family, has been used as an antidote for poisons and to treat malaria. The dichloromethane, ethanol and methanol extracts from the leaves of Rauvolfia reflexa showed potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, with IC50 values in the 8.49 to 52.23 g/mL range. Further cholinesterase inhibitory-guided isolation of these extracts afforded four bioactive compounds, namely: (E)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid (1), (E)-methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) acrylate (2), 17-methoxycarbonyl-14-heptadecaenyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamate (3) and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-oxo-β-carboline (4). The isolated compounds showed moderate cholinesterase inhibitory activity compared to the reference standard, physostigmine. Compounds 1 and 2 showed the highest inhibitory activity against AChE (IC50 = 60.17 µM) and BChE (IC50 = 61.72 µM), respectively. Despite having similar molecular weight, compounds 1 and 2 were structurally different according to their chemical substitution patterns, leading to their different enzyme inhibition selectivity. Compound 2 was more selective against BChE, whereas compound 1 was a selective inhibitor of AChE. Molecular docking revealed that both compounds 1 and 2 were inserted, but not deeply into the active site of the cholinesterase enzymes.
  18. Fulltext 17-Deoxoestrone [estra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol]-methanol (3/1)
    Ketuly KA, Hadi AH, Ng SW, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 May 1;67(Pt 5):o1160-1.
    PMID: 21754468 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811013651
    Three independent mol-ecules of the title estrone derivative and a mol-ecule of methanol comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound [systematic name: 13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16-deca-hydro-cyclo-penta-[a]phenanthren-3-ol-meth-an-ol (3/1)], 3C(18)H(24)O·CH(3)OH. Two of the estrone mol-ecules exhibit 50:50 disorder (one displays whole-mol-ecule disorder and the other partial disorder in the fused five- and six-membered rings) so that five (partial) mol-ecular conformations are discernable. The conformation of the six-membered ring abutting the aromatic ring is close to a half-chair in all five components. The conformation of the six-membered ring fused to the five-membered ring is based on a chair with varying degrees of distortion ranging from minor to significant. Two distinct conformations are found for the five-membered ring: in four mol-ecules, the five-membered ring is twisted about the bond linking it to the six-membered ring, and in the other, the five-membered ring is an envelope with the quaternary C atom being the flap atom. The crystal packing features O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding whereby the four mol-ecules comprising the asymmetric unit are linked into a supra-molecular chain along the b axis.
  19. Fulltext 3β-Acet-oxy-6-hy-droxy-imino-cholestane
    Ketuly KA, Hadi AH, Ng SW, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2011 Apr 1;67(Pt 4):o773-4.
    PMID: 21754066 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811007306
    Two independent mol-ecules comprise the asymmetric unit of the title cholestane derivative, C(29)H(49)NO(3) {systematic name: (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(1R)-1,5-dimethyl-hex-yl]-6-hy-droxy-imino-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetra-deca-hydro-1H-cyclo-penta-[a]phenanthren-3-yl ace-tate}. The major differences between the mol-ecules relate to the relative orientations of the terminal acetyl [C-C-O-C torsion angles = -158.8 (3) and -81.7 (3)°] and alkyl groups [C-C-C-C = 168.9 (3) and 65.8 (4)°]. In the crystal, the independent mol-ecules associate via pairs of O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming dimeric aggregates. Supra-molecular layers in the ab plane are mediated by C-H⋯O inter-actions.
  20. Fulltext 3-Methyl-5α-cholest-2-ene
    Ketuly KA, Hadi AH, Ng SW, Tiekink ER
    Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online, 2010;66(Pt 9):o2265.
    PMID: 21588624 DOI: 10.1107/S160053681003117X
    In the title cholestane derivative, C(28)H(48) [systematic name: (1S,2S,7R,10R,11R,14R,15R)-2,5,10,15-tetra-methyl-14-[(2R)-6-methyl-heptan-2-yl]tetra-cyclo-[8.7.0.0(2,7).0(11,15)]hepta-dec-4-ene], the cyclo-hexene ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The parent 5α-cholest-2-ene and the equivalent fragment of the title compound are almost superimposable (r.m.s. deviation = 0.033 Å).
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