Agriculture is one of the latest industries that uses robotic technologies. Cultivation of crops
with high yield and quality can be enhanced when technological sustenance is involved. Pests are
nuisance and cannot be completely eliminated, but with effective control and management. damages
caused by pests could be minimized below economic threshold. Automation in agriculture is stable and
accurate and is mainly incorporated in mechanized farming system. However its numerous application in
different agricultural practices is not well noticed. Hence this paper attempts to provide profound
awareness on robotic technology in agriculture. Robots could have a specific or multiple functions and,
most commonly, they are made up of five basic components; sensors, effectors, actuators, controller and
arms. Use of automation in weeding, weed mapping, micro spraying, seeding, irrigation and harvesting
are progressions which promote sustainable agriculture and food security. In future, solar robots with
battery inverter may be invented.
Plant essential oils are widely used as fragrances and flavours. Therefore, the essential oils from the leaves of Cinnamomum pubescens Kochummen (CP) and the whole plant of Etlingera elatior (EE) were investigated for their antioxidant, antibacterial and phytochemical properties.
Geographic routing is one of the most investigated themes by researchers for reliable and efficient dissemination of information in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). Recently, different Geographic Distance Routing (GEDIR) protocols have been suggested in the literature. These protocols focus on reducing the forwarding region towards destination to select the Next Hop Vehicles (NHV). Most of these protocols suffer from the problem of elevated one-hop link disconnection, high end-to-end delay and low throughput even at normal vehicle speed in high vehicle density environment. This paper proposes a Geographic Distance Routing protocol based on Segment vehicle, Link quality and Degree of connectivity (SLD-GEDIR). The protocol selects a reliable NHV using the criteria segment vehicles, one-hop link quality and degree of connectivity. The proposed protocol has been simulated in NS-2 and its performance has been compared with the state-of-the-art protocols: P-GEDIR, J-GEDIR and V-GEDIR. The empirical results clearly reveal that SLD-GEDIR has lower link disconnection and end-to-end delay, and higher throughput as compared to the state-of-the-art protocols. It should be noted that the performance of the proposed protocol is preserved irrespective of vehicle density and speed.
Coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are currently receiving interest because of their numerous uses in various fields of electronics, antimicrobials, manufacturing sectors, optical science, and pharmaceuticals. Among others, it gained significant attention in the power electronic system. The goal of the proposed study is to use a cost-effective coating material for solar panels; to accomplish this, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the leaves of the Rosy Periwinkle plants. Green synthesis and characterization, such as Ultraviolet Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), were carried out after the silver nanoparticles have been collected prior coating. As a consequence, the effectiveness is determined based on the conductivity test, and the resulting Ag NPs are then applied to the c-si layer of the solar panel. Additionally, a modelling and experimental analysis are performed in this study to ascertain the suggested framework's ability to measure energy before and after coating panels with Ag NPs. Specifically, the Voltage Current (VI) and Power Voltage (PV) characteristics were validated in this study for analyzing the effectiveness and the obtained results revealed that the coating of green synthesized Ag NPs generated 2 % more power than the reference solar panel under the same conditions. Further, hardware testing and simulation were both used to confirm the outcomes and effectiveness of the suggested method. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), maximum peak voltage (Vmp), maximum peak current (Imp), and efficiency are taken into account when assessing how well the suggested system performs at tracking. Moreover, the current density characteristics were evaluated with respect to various irradiation conditions for both the typical solar as well as Ag NPs coated panels. From the observation, it is noted that the efficiency level of coated panel was improved up to 19.20 %, 18 %, and 17.20 % for the irradiations of 200 W/m2, 500 W/m2, and 1000 W/m2 respectively.
Access to dependable and environmentally friendly energy sources is critical to a country's economic growth and long-term development. As countries seek greener energy alternatives, the interaction of environmental elements, temperature, and sunlight becomes more critical in utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind and bioenergy. Solar power has received much attention due to extraordinary efficiency advances. under this context, the present work focus on solar radiation and chemical processes in the presence of modified ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) circulating over an exponentially stretched surface in both aiding flow (A-F) and opposing flow (O-F) circumstances. The primary objective of this investigation is to dive into the complicated dynamics of these structures, which are distinguished by complex interactions involving radiation, chemical reactions, and the movement of fluids. We construct reduced ordinary differential equations from the governing equations using suitable similarity transformations, which allows for a more in-depth examination of the liquid's behavior. Numerical simulations using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach and shooting techniques are used to understand the underlying difficulties of these reduced equations. The results show that thermal radiation improves heat transmission substantially under O-F circumstances in contrast to A-F conditions. Furthermore, the reaction rate parameter has an exciting connection with concentration levels, with greater rates corresponding to lower concentrations. Furthermore, compared to the O-F scenario, the A-F scenario promotes higher heat transfer in the context of a modified nanofluid. Rising reaction rate and solid fraction volume enhanced mass transfer rate. The rate of thermal distribution in THNFs improves from 0.13 to 20.4% in A-F and 0.16 to 15.06% in O-F case when compared to HNFs. This study has real-world implications in several fields, including developing more efficient solar water heaters, solar thermal generating plants, and energy-saving air conditioners.
Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2 values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2 and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed that the sand grain size and percentage of fibres play an essential part in compressive strength. It was estimated that they contributed almost 50% of the total. The outcomes of this research have the potential to promote the reuse of PSPB in the building of green environments, hence boosting environmental protection and economic advantage.
The customization of hybrid nanofluids to achieve a particular and controlled growth rate of thermal transport is done to meet the needs of applications in heating and cooling systems, aerospace and automotive industries, etc. Due to the extensive applications, the aim of the current paper is to derive a numerical solution to a wall jet flow problem through a stretching surface. To study the flow problem, authors have considered a non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid with water and CoFe2O4and TiO2nanoparticles. Furthermore, the impact of a magnetic field and irregular heat sink/source are studied. To comply with the applications of the wall jet flow, the authors have presented the numerical solution for two cases; with and without a magnetic field. The numerical solution is derived with a similarity transformation and MATLAB-based bvp4c solver. The value of skin friction for wall jet flow at the surface decreases by more than 50% when the magnetic fieldMA=0.2is present. The stream function value is higher for the wall jet flow without the magnetic field. The temperature of the flow rises with the dominant strength of the heat source parameters. The results of this investigation will be beneficial to various applications that utilize the applications of a wall jet, such as in car defrosters, spray paint drying for vehicles or houses, cooling structures for the CPU of high-processor laptops, sluice gate flows, and cooling jets over turbo-machinery components, etc.