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Fulltext The return of fertility after discontinuation of oral contraception in Malaysian women

Hassan J, Kulenthran A, Thum YS

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):348-50.
PMID: 7674970

The return of fertility after discontinuation of oral contraception was studied in a cross-sectional survey of 61 patients who were desirous of a further pregnancy. For controls, 380 women who did not take any oral contraception were used. Cumulative conception rates in the pill users were reduced but not significantly during the first three (p = 0.15) and six months (p = 0.20). By 12 months this difference was negligible (p = 0.28). We conclude that there is no significant delay in return of fertility following cessation of oral contraception in our group of Malaysian women.
Impact of Hypnosis Intervention in Alleviating Psychological and Physical Symptoms During Pregnancy

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2016 Apr;58(4):368-82.
PMID: 27003486 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1063476

Physical symptoms (e.g., vomiting) and psychological symptoms (stress, anxiety, and depression) during pregnancy are common. Various strategies such as hypnosis are available to reduce these symptoms. The objective of the authors in this study is to investigate the impact of a hypnosis intervention in reducing physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy. A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. The hypnosis intervention was given to the experimental group participants at weeks 16 (baseline), 20 (time point 1), 28 (time point 2), and 36 (time point 3) of their pregnancy. Participants in the control group received only the traditional antenatal care. Participants from both groups completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and a Pregnancy Symptoms Checklist at weeks 16, 20, 28 and 36 of pregnancy. Results indicated that stress and anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced for the experimental group, but not for the control group. Although mean differences for the depressive symptoms were not significant, the experimental group had lower symptoms at time point 3. The physical symptoms' results showed significant group differences at time point 3, indicating a reduction in the experience of physical symptoms for the experimental group participants. Our study showed that hypnosis intervention during pregnancy aided in reducing physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy.
Successful Treatment of Ptyalism Gravidarum With Concomitant Hyperemesis Using Hypnosis

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2015 Oct;58(2):215-23.
PMID: 26264544 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1013186

Ptyalism gravidarum, or sialorrhea, is the excessive secretion of saliva during pregnancy. Treatment of ptyalism gravidarum is often challenging due to its unknown etiologies. This article discusses a case of ptyalism gravidarum with concomitant hyperemesis in which the condition was successfully treated with hypnosis. A 28-year-old woman presented with ptyalism 2 months into her pregnancy and hyperemesis 3 months into pregnancy with associated vomiting that occurred following every meal. Hypnosis was administered at week 16 of pregnancy to eliminate ptyalism and hyperemesis, to prepare for childbirth, and to increase overall psychological well-being. Ptyalism resolved by week 36, concurrent with the final hypnosis session.
Bronchodilator response to inhaled beta-2 agonist and anticholinergic drugs in patients with bronchiectasis

Hassan JA, Saadiah S, Roslan H, Zainudin BM

Respirology, 1999 Dec;4(4):423-6.
PMID: 10612580 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.1999.00215.x

OBJECTIVE: An increase in incidence of reversible airflow obstruction and bronchial hyperresponsiveness occurs in patients with bronchiectasis. We conducted a study to assess the efficacy of bronchodilators in the treatment of bronchiectasis.
METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four patients with confirmed bronchiectasis were studied. Each patient inhaled fenoterol 400 microg administered by metered dose inhaler via a spacer after a baseline lung function and a lung function test was repeated 30 min later. This was followed by a second dose of fenoterol 5 mg via nebulizer and another lung function test 30 min later. A repeat study was done at least 24 h later with ipratropium bromide 40 microg by metered dose inhaler and 500 microg by a nebulizer.
RESULTS: The results showed a significant improvement from baselines (mean percentage change +/- SD) of peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) by 8.5 +/- 8.72% and 15.3 +/- 11.63%, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) by 8.77 +/- 9.69% and 10.2 +/- 12.2% and forced vital capacity (FVC) by 10.25 +/- 11.61% and 10.09 +/- 10.88% after low- and high-dose fenoterol, respectively. The improvements after low- and high-dose ipratropium bromide for PEE FEV1 and FVC were 9.89 +/- 9.35% and 14.39 +/- 12.82%, 9.38 +/- 10.41% and 13.52 +/- 17.09%, and 8.03 +/- 10.85% and 9.63 +/- 13.85%, respectively. Eleven patients (45.8%) responded to one or both bronchodilators significantly (> 15% improvement in FEV1). Five patients (20%) responded to both, three (12%) to fenoterol alone and another three (12%) to ipratropium bromide alone.
CONCLUSION: There is significant bronchodilator response in a subset of patients with bronchiectasis and patients with bronchiectasis should therefore undergo bronchodilator testing. Skin prick testing against a panel of nine allergens done on each individual yielded a positive result in 13 patients (54.2%).
Fulltext A case of kala-azar diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration

Hamidah NH, Cheong SK, Abu Hassan J

Malays J Pathol, 1995 Jun;17(1):39-41.
PMID: 8907004

A 35-year-old man from Bangladesh, who had been in Malaysia for approximately a year, was extensively investigated for more than two months in a state hospital for pyrexia with hepatosplenomegaly. However, no obvious cause of his illness was found. He was treated with multiple antibiotics with no resolution of pyrexia and hepatosplenomegaly. He was later referred to the Haematology Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for further assessment as a case of lymphoma. On carefully reviewing his bone marrow aspirate smears, the diagnosis of leishmaniasis (kala-azar) was finally made. The patient responded to treatment with pentamidine.
Fulltext Environmental tobacco smoke and stress as risk factors for miscarriage and preterm births

Arffin F, Al-Bayaty FH, Hassan J

Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2012 Nov;286(5):1187-91.
PMID: 22718098 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-012-2417-0

BACKGROUND: Exposure of pregnant women to environmental tobacco smoke has been shown to be associated with low birth weight. Many studies have suggested that stress have a role in the etiology of preterm birth.
AIMS: This study carried out from June 2008 to March 2009 to find the relation between environmental tobacco smoke, stress and miscarriage and preterm births.
METHODS: A total of 33 subjects consisted of multiparous pregnant women that were in their early third trimester were chosen for this investigation. Subjects were divided into test group women with adverse pregnancy outcome, control group women with successful pregnancy. Four ml of unstimulated whole saliva were collected. The concentrations of cotinine and cortisol were evaluated using commercially available ELISA kit.
RESULTS: Pregnancies in which the average standardized cortisol during history of previous miscarriage(s) which occurred within 6th-27th week or/and history of preterm labor which occurred within 28th-36th weeks of gestation, demonstrated higher cortisol level (1.0201 ± 0.1855 ng/ml) compared to control group 0.9757 ± 0.2860 ng/ml (P = 0.323); statistical analysis showed no significant differences. Women of control group were more likely to be environmental tobacco smoke exposed (1.2714 ± 1.7639 ng/ml) than women with miscarriage and preterm births (0.9889 ± 0.5498 ng/ml).
CONCLUSION: The results from this primarily study demonstrated no association between cotinine, cortisol, miscarriage and preterm births.
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis Intervention in Alleviating Postpartum Psychological Symptoms

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2019 Apr;61(4):409-425.
PMID: 31017553 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2018.1538870

Psychological symptoms, particularly postpartum depression, may impair women's well-being after childbirth. Mind-body treatments such as hypnosis are available to help prepare women to maintain or improve their well-being postpartum. The aims of the present study are to determine the effectiveness of a hypnosis intervention in alleviating psychological symptoms (stress, anxiety, and depression) and the symptoms of postpartum depression. A quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. The experimental group participants (n = 28) received a hypnosis intervention at weeks 16, 20, 28, and 36 of their pregnancies. Participants in the control group (n = 28) received routine prenatal care. The final data collection, occurring at two months postpartum, included 16 women from the experimental group and 11 women from the control group. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure psychological symptoms, and postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The results at two months postpartum showed that the experimental group had significantly lower postpartum anxiety than the control group (M = 2.88 versus M = 38.36, p = .023). Similarly, the experimental group had significantly lower postpartum depressive symptoms than the control group (M = 1.25 versus M = 6.73, p
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis Intervention for Labor: An Experimental Study

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2017 Oct;60(2):172-191.
PMID: 28891771 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2017.1280659

Hypnosis has been shown to help pregnant women experience improved labor and postpartum periods. The present study compares the differences between experimental (n = 23) and control groups (n = 22) on specific variables measured both during labor and 24 hr postpartum. The participants in the experimental group received the hypnosis intervention at weeks 16, 20, 28, and 36 of pregnancy, while those in the control group received only routine antenatal care. The data collected at the labor stage describe the length of the labor stage, pain relief used during labor, the method of delivery, and the type of assisted vaginal delivery. Within 24 hr of delivery, data on neonatal birth weight, neonatal Apgar scores, and self-reported pain were obtained. The labor stage results showed no significant differences in the length of the second and third stages of labor. Although the participants in the experimental group reported higher pain levels immediately prior to, during, and immediately after delivery, their use of pethidine during labor was significantly lower than the control group participants. None of the experimental group participants opted for an epidural, and they had a greater number of assisted vaginal deliveries than the control group participants. The 24 hr postpartum results showed that the neonates of the experimental group participants had nonsignificantly higher Apgar scores than those of the women in the control group. Group differences in neonatal weight were not significant. The results of the present study indicate that hypnosis is useful for assisting pregnant women during labor and the postpartum period.
Fulltext Predictors of newborn admission after labour induction at term: Bishop score, pre-induction ultrasonography and clinical risk factors

Tan PC, Suguna S, Vallikkannu N, Hassan J

Singapore Med J, 2008 Mar;49(3):193-8.
PMID: 18362999

Following labour induction at term, 12 percent of neonates can expected to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. We aimed to evaluate the Bishop score, pre-induction ultrasonography (US) assessment of amniotic fluid, foetal weight and cervical length, and pre-induction and intrapartum risk factors as predictors of neonatal admission.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring profile as a useful prognostic tool in patients with primary hypertension

Mohamed AL, Katiman E, Hassan JA

Malays J Med Sci, 2003 Jul;10(2):76-83.
PMID: 23386801

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) devices are increasingly being used in the assessment of hypertension. The purpose of the study was to investigate patient's diurnal BP variation and to further determine the differences of BP readings between male and female patients and the effects of age in patients who attended the clinic with essential hypertension. In addition, evidence of relationship between the parameters recorded by 24-hour ABPM was also investigated. This study was conducted in an outpatient specialist clinic. Two indices were used to demonstrate the diurnal BP variation. Firstly, the diurnal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) variations which were calculated as night/day BP ratio for SBP and DBP respectively. Anyone scoring less than 100% were categorised as dippers. Secondly, nocturnal falls in SBP and DBP were calculated as (awake SBP-sleep SBP)/awake SBP x 100 and (awake DBP-sleep DBP)/awake DBP x 100 respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean BP between male and female patients. In general, the study sample were categorised as dippers and non dippers. There were more male dippers than female dippers. Finally correlation analysis revealed that age is related to SBP variables whilst night HR showed positive correlation with night time BP. It is concluded that ABPM was shown to be a useful tool to analyse the variation and prevalence of cardiovascular risk markers in hypertensive patients and can easily be done in an outpatient set-up.
Transvaginal sonography of cervical length and Bishop score as predictors of successful induction of term labor: the effect of parity

Tan PC, Vallikkannu N, Suguna S, Quek KF, Hassan J

Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 2009;36(1):35-9.
PMID: 19400416

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the predictive value for successful labor induction of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) of cervical length according to parity.
METHOD: TVS of the cervix was performed before term labor induction. Induction was considered successful if vaginal delivery was achieved within 24 hours; 231 women were available for final analysis.
RESULTS: Analysis of the receiver operator characteristics curve showed an optimal cut-off for cervical length of < or = 20 mm for successful induction. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, a sonographic short cervix (AOR 5.6; p < 0.001) was an independent predictor of successful induction but not a favorable Bishop score (p = 0.47). Among multiparas with a short cervix, positive and negative predictive values for successful induction were 98% (95% CI 90-100%) and 21% (95% CI 13%-32%) and among nulliparas, predictive values were 69% (95% CI 53%-82%) and 77% (95% CI 64%-87%) respectively.
CONCLUSION: In nulliparas, cervical length can usefully predict labor induction outcome.
Transvaginal sonographic measurement of cervical length vs. Bishop score in labor induction at term: tolerability and prediction of Cesarean delivery

Tan PC, Vallikkannu N, Suguna S, Quek KF, Hassan J

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 2007 May;29(5):568-73.
PMID: 17444553

To compare transvaginal sonography for cervical length measurement and digital examination for Bishop score assessment in women undergoing labor induction at term, to assess their tolerability (in terms of pain) and ability to predict need for Cesarean delivery.
Ultrasound and clinical predictors for Caesarean delivery after labour induction at term

Tan PC, Suguna S, Vallikkannu N, Hassan J

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 2006 Dec;46(6):505-9.
PMID: 17116055

To assess the relationship of ultrasound assessment for amniotic fluid, fetal weight, cervical length, cervical funneling and clinical factors on the risk of Caesarean delivery after labour induction at term.
Fulltext Factors associated with prevention and control practices against Zika virus infection among pregnant women in Malaysia, a dengue-endemic country

Wong LP, Alias H, Hassan J, AbuBakar S

Jpn J Infect Dis, 2021 Sep 30.
PMID: 34588365 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2021.342

This study aimed to determine the prevention and control practices of ZIKV infection among pregnant women in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal care. Only 7.8% reported that they abstain from sex or use barrier methods during sexual intercourse to prevent ZIKV transmission. The odd of abstaining from sex or using barrier methods was significantly higher among the Chinese ethnic group than the Malay ethnic group (OR=4.569; 95% CI: 2.696-7.743). Having a total ZIKV knowledge score of 12-24 was also significantly associated with higher odds of abstaining from sex or using barrier methods than a score of 0-11 (OR=2.819; 95% CI 1.682-4.725). In total, 38.6% recorded a higher mean total score for all the current mosquito control practices than before hearing of ZIKV. Participants living in bungalows or village houses (OR=2.006; 95% CI 1.023-3.936) and low-rise houses (OR=1.566; 95% CI 1.109-2.212) were more likely to have a higher mean total score of current mosquito control practices than control practices before hearing of ZIKV compared to those in high-rise houses. The deficit in ZIKV knowledge and control practices provides insight for the development of health education for pregnant women during antenatal care visits.
Date fruit consumption at term: Effect on length of gestation, labour and delivery

Razali N, Mohd Nahwari SH, Sulaiman S, Hassan J

J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017 Jul;37(5):595-600.
PMID: 28286995 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2017.1283304

Labour induction and augmentation with Prostaglandin and Oxytocin are well established as standard practice worldwide. They are safe when used judiciously, but may be associated with maternal and neonatal morbidities. Other safer alternatives have been studied including dates consumption during late pregnancy with various outcomes. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effect of date fruit consumption during late pregnancy on the onset of labour and need for induction or augmentation of labour. A total of 154 nulliparous women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy were randomly allocated to either dates-consumer (77) or control group (77). The women in the dates-consumer group had significantly less need for augmentation of labour and longer intervention to delivery interval. There was no significant difference in the onset of spontaneous labour. Dates consumption reduces the need for labour augmentation but does not expedite the onset of labour. Impact statement • Dates fruit consumption during late pregnancy has been shown to positively affect the outcome of labour and delivery. In this study, date consumption reduced the need for labour augmentation with oxytocin but did not expedite the onset of labour. Therefore, dates consumption in late pregnancy is a safe supplement to be considered as it reduced the need for labour intervention without any adverse effect on the mother and child. This further supports the finding of earlier studies.
Fulltext Medical genetics in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region: challenges and opportunities

Thong MK, See-Toh Y, Hassan J, Ali J

Genet Med, 2018 10;20(10):1114-1121.
PMID: 30093710 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0135-0

Advances in genetic and genomic technology changed health-care services rapidly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) in the Asia-Pacific region. While genetic services were initially focused on population-based disease prevention strategies, they have evolved into clinic-based and therapeutics-oriented service. Many LMICs struggled with these noncommunicable diseases and were unprepared for the needs of a clinical genetic service. The emergence of a middle class population, the lack of regulatory oversight, and weak capacity-building in medical genetics expertise and genetic counseling services led to a range of genetic services of variable quality with minimal ethical oversight. Some of the current shortcomings faced include the lack of awareness of cultural values in genetic health care, the variable stages of socioeconomic development and educational background that led to increased demand and abuse of genetics, the role of women in society and the crisis of gender selection, the lack of preventive and care services for genetic and birth defects, the issues of gene ethics in medicine, and the lack of understanding of some religious controversies. These challenges provide opportunities for both developing and developed nations to work together to reduce the inequalities and to ensure a caring, inclusive, ethical, and cost-effective genetic service in the region.
Attitudes towards Zika screening and vaccination acceptability among pregnant women in Malaysia

Wong LP, Alias H, Hassan J, AbuBakar S

Vaccine, 2017 10 13;35(43):5912-5917.
PMID: 28886944 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.074

The aim of this study was to examine the willingness of pregnant women to have prenatal screening for the Zika virus (ZIKV). Secondly, the study also assessed the acceptability of a hypothetical Zika vaccination and its association with the health belief model (HBM) constructs. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 4th October to 11th November 2016, among pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The majority (81.8%) was willing to be tested for ZIKV and 78% felt that their spouse would be willing to be tested for ZIKV. A total of 94% expressed a willingness to receive a Zika vaccination if available. The participants expressed high perceived benefits of a ZIKV vaccination. Although many have a high perception of the severity of ZIKV, the proportion with a strong perception of their susceptibility to ZIKV was low. In the multivariate analysis of all the HBM constructs, cue-to-action, namely physician recommendation (odds ratio [OR]=2.288; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.093-4.793) and recommendation from friends or relatives (OR=4.030; 95% CI 1.694-9.587), were significantly associated with a willingness to be vaccinated against ZIKV. The favourable response to a Zika vaccination implies that more research attention has to be given to develop a vaccine against ZIKV. Should the vaccine be available in the future, publicity and healthcare providers would play a vital role in ensuring vaccine uptake among pregnant women.
Reversible pulmonary hypertension in hyperthyroid mother: A case report and review of prior cases

Ramly F, Mahamooth MIJ, Abidin HAZ, Hassan J

Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2023 May;161(2):667-669.
PMID: 36637245 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14669
Fulltext Combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and drainage of pancreatic pseudocyst: a case report and review of current management

Che Jusoh MA, Hassan J, Mohd Nor R, Kong CF, Zahirah Awang NF

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):273-4.
PMID: 23749024 MyJurnal

Pancreatic pseudocyst is a well recognized complication of acute or chronic pancreatitis. Active treatment (surgical or endoscopic) has been recommended if the pseudocyst persists for more than 6 weeks after the diagnosis. Open trans-abdominal drainage was initially the mainstay treatment for it. However, over the past decade, laparoscopic techniques have been developed to provide patient with minimal access alternative. We report a case of a large symptomatic pseudocyst which developed following attack of severe gallstone pancreatitis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and cysto-gastrostomy were done at the same sitting. The operative technique is briefly explained.
Fulltext Electrical property comparison and charge transmission in p-type double gate and single gate junctionless accumulation transistor fabricated by AFM nanolithography

Dehzangi A, Abdullah AM, Larki F, Hutagalung SD, Saion EB, Hamidon MN, et al.

Nanoscale Res Lett, 2012;7(1):381.
PMID: 22781031 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-7-381

The junctionless nanowire transistor is a promising alternative for a new generation of nanotransistors. In this letter the atomic force microscopy nanolithography with two wet etching processes was implemented to fabricate simple structures as double gate and single gate junctionless silicon nanowire transistor on low doped p-type silicon-on-insulator wafer. The etching process was developed and optimized in the present work compared to our previous works. The output, transfer characteristics and drain conductance of both structures were compared. The trend for both devices found to be the same but differences in subthreshold swing, 'on/off' ratio, and threshold voltage were observed. The devices are 'on' state when performing as the pinch off devices. The positive gate voltage shows pinch off effect, while the negative gate voltage was unable to make a significant effect on drain current. The charge transmission in devices is also investigated in simple model according to a junctionless transistor principal.

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