MyMedR

Hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Malaysia

Kamath S

Am J Epidemiol, 1975 Aug;102(2):191-5.

One hundred and ninety hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAG+) sera were subtyped, belonging to : blood donors, hepatitis patients, patients and staff in a hemodialysis unit, all from Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian aborigines from three jungle locations in Peninsular Malaysia; and East Malaysians from Sarawak, East Malaysia; Three subtypes adr, adw and ayw were present in Malaysia in the following frequencies: 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively; In Kuala Lumpur 87% had subdeterminant d and 13 per cent y, whereas in the deep jungle aborigines of Perak and Pahang, the y subdeterminant was present in 87% and the d in 13%. A similar pattern of preponderance of y prevailed in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In Kuala Lumpur the two main ethnic groups, Malays and Chinese, differed in subtype distribution, in that adr predominated in the Malays (61%), while the adw predominated in the Chinese (51%); Subtype distribution was not related to age or sex of carriers of the antigen, or to whether they had hepatitis, or asymptomatic antigenemia.

Letter: Posttransfusion hepatitis in Kuala Lumpur

Kamath S, Lopez CG

Med J Aust, 1973 Nov 3;2(18):867-8.

PMID: 4782397

Fulltext Morphology of Proximal Femur in South-West Coast of India

Kamath SU, Agarwal S, Austine J

Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):143-150.

PMID: 33403075 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.022

Introduction: With a higher proportion of young individuals undergoing uncemented hip arthroplasty, a close match in the dimension of the proximal femur and the implanted prosthesis is paramount. This is a study to gain insight into geographical variation in proximal femur morphology to determine the reference values to design uncemented femoral stems for a south Indian population, and also the effect of ageing and gender on the proximal femur morphology.

Materials and Methods: The study comprised of two groups. For the first group, 50 unpaired dry femur bones were obtained from adult human cadavers; and the second group was a clinical group of 50 adult patients. Standardised radiographic techniques were used to measure the extra-cortical and intra-cortical morphometric parameters. Based on these, dimensionless ratios were calculated to express the shape of the proximal femur. The data were expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation and a comparison made with other studies.

Results: A significant difference was noted across various population subsets within the Indian subcontinent and also in comparison to the Western population, suggestive of regional variation. The measurements made in cadaveric bone differed significantly from those in live patients, especially the femoral head diameter and extra-cortical and intra-cortical width. Femoral offset, head height and diameter were significantly less in females.

Conclusion: The south Indian population needs customised implants with an increase in neck shaft angle and a decrease in intra-cortical and extra-cortical width for press fit in hip arthroplasty. The variation between the two sexes must also be accounted for during prosthesis design.

Recurrence of influenza with A2-Hong Kong-68 within two months

Kamath S, Omar M, Wah LT

Med J Malaya, 1970 Dec;25(2):123-7.

PMID: 4251133

Enhanced wound contraction and epithelization period in steroid treated rats: role of pyramid environment

Kamath S, Rao SG, Murthy KD, Bairy KL, Bhat S

Indian J Exp Biol, 2006 Nov;44(11):902-4.

PMID: 17205711

Contribution and role of a pyramid/square box on the wound healing suppressant effect of dexamethasone was studied in rats of either sex using excision wound model to record the wound contraction rate and epithelization period. The results showed enhanced wound contraction rate and decreased epithelization period in the pyramid-exposed rats as compared to controls. Thus, it appears that pyramid environment facilitates the process of wound healing. Also, the wound healing suppressant effects of dexamethasone were significantly reduced.

Hepatitis B antigen in Kuala Lumpur blood donors

Kamath S, How VJ, Lam SK, Duraisamy G, Lopez CG, Welch Q

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1973 Jun;4(2):159-64.

PMID: 4749067

Japanese encephalitis in Sarawak: virus isolation and serology in a Land Dyak village

Simpson DI, Bowen ET, Platt GS, Way H, Smith CE, Peto S, et al.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1970;64(4):503-10.

PMID: 4394986

Ischemia-Modified Albumin, Creatinine, And Paraoxonase-1 Levels in Serum of Patients Undergoing Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography and Its Association with Contrast-Induced Nephropathy

Jha C, Ullas Kamath S, Dash S, Prabhu Attur R, Ramachandra L, Shenoy Kallya R

Rep Biochem Mol Biol, 2019 Apr;8(1):72-78.

PMID: 31334291

Background: Following contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) may occur in patients with renal insufficiency or diabetes. Creatinine, the most common marker of CIN, may not be an accurate measure of damage and is affected by many non-renal factors. Our aim was to evaluate ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) as an early CIN marker and correlate it with paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and creatinine before and after CECT.

Methods: Forty-eight adult patients scheduled for intravenous CECT, regardless of indication or body region for CECT, were included in this prospective study. Venous blood samples were obtained 12-24 hours before and after contrast media (CM) administration. Ischemia-modified albumin and PON-1 were estimated using methods described by Bar-Or et al. and Dantoine et.al., respectively. Creatinine was estimated on an automated analyzer.

Results: Significant differences in IMA (P < 0.001) and PON-1 (P < 0.001) levels were found between pre- and post-CECT samples, while the difference for creatinine was not significant (p = 0.073). No correlation was found between IMA and PON-1 or IMA and creatinine in either the pre- or post-CECT samples.

Conclusion: After CM administration patients are subjected to oxidative stress and/or ischemia, as revealed by elevated IMA and decreased PON-1 levels; however, creatinine levels, most commonly estimated to assess reduced renal function, did not reflect the condition accurately. IMA may be a sensitive marker for CIN but further studies are required to confirm its usefulness.

Fulltext Fabrication of tri-layered electrospun polycaprolactone mats with improved sustained drug release profile

Kamath SM, Sridhar K, Jaison D, Gopinath V, Ibrahim BKM, Gupta N, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 10 23;10(1):18179.

PMID: 33097770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74885-1

Modulation of initial burst and long term release from electrospun fibrous mats can be achieved by sandwiching the drug loaded mats between hydrophobic layers of fibrous polycaprolactone (PCL). Ibuprofen (IBU) loaded PCL fibrous mats (12% PCL-IBU) were sandwiched between fibrous polycaprolactone layers during the process of electrospinning, by varying the polymer concentrations (10% (w/v), 12% (w/v)) and volume of coat (1 ml, 2 ml) in flanking layers. Consequently, 12% PCL-IBU (without sandwich layer) showed burst release of 66.43% on day 1 and cumulative release (%) of 86.08% at the end of 62 days. Whereas, sandwich groups, especially 12% PCLSW-1 & 2 (sandwich layers-1 ml and 2 ml of 12% PCL) showed controlled initial burst and cumulative (%) release compared to 12% PCL-IBU. Moreover, crystallinity (%) and hydrophobicity of the sandwich models imparted control on ibuprofen release from fibrous mats. Further, assay for cytotoxicity and scanning electron microscopic images of cell seeded mats after 5 days showed the mats were not cytotoxic. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic analysis revealed weak interaction between ibuprofen and PCL in nanofibers which favors the release of ibuprofen. These data imply that concentration and volume of coat in flanking layer imparts tighter control on initial burst and long term release of ibuprofen.

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968-February 1970: human serological studies in a land Dyak village

Bowen ET, Simpson DI, Platt GS, Way HJ, Bright WF, Day J, et al.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1975;69(2):182-6.

PMID: 809868

449 human sera collected in a Land Dyak village were tested for antibodies to 11 arboviruses. Japanese encephalitis and dengue virus antibodies were particularly prevalent. The rates of infection with these viruses were estimated to be 5-2% per annum for Japanese encephalitis, 8-8% for dengue 1 and 4-3% for dengue 2. Chikungunya virus antibodies were quite common with an annual infection rate of the order of 5% per annum. Infections with other Group A and B and Bunyamwera group viruses were generally at a low level.

Fulltext Multifunctional applications of natural polysaccharide starch and cellulose: An update on recent advances

Gopinath V, Kamath SM, Priyadarshini S, Chik Z, Alarfaj AA, Hirad AH

Biomed Pharmacother, 2022 Feb;146:112492.

PMID: 34906768 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112492

The emergence of clinical complications and therapeutic challenges for treating various diseases necessitate the discovery of novel restorative functional materials. Polymer-based drug delivery systems have been extensively reported in the last two decades. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the progression of natural biopolymers based controlled therapeutic strategies, especially in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. However, the solubility and functionalisation due to their complex network structure and intramolecular bonding seem challenging. This review explores the current advancement and prospects of the most promising natural polymers such as cellulose, starch and their derivatives-based drug delivery vehicles like hydrogels, films and composites, in combating major ailments such as bone infections, microbial infections, and cancers. In addition, selective drug targeting using metal-drug (MD) and MD-based polymeric missiles have been exciting but challenging for its application in cancer therapeutics. Owing to high biocompatibility of starch and cellulose, these materials have been extensively evaluated in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. This review presents a detailed impression of the current trends for the construction of biopolymer-based tissue engineering, drug/gene/protein delivery vehicles.

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968--February 1970: Japanese encephalitis virus isolations from mosquitoes

Simpson DI, Bowen ET, Way HJ, Platt GS, Hill MN, Kamath S, et al.

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1974 Dec;68(4):393-404.

PMID: 4155608

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968--February 1970 Tembusu and Sindbis virus isolations from mosquitoes

Platt GS, Way HJ, Bowen ET, Simpson DI, Hill MN, Kamath S, et al.

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1975 Mar;69(1):65-71.

PMID: 235907

Thirty isolations of Tembusu virus and four of Sindbis virus were obtained from approximately 280 000 mosquitoes collected between October 1968 and February 1970 in Sarawak, particularly from K. Tijirak, a Land Dyak village 19 miles South of Kuching. Twenty-two isolations of Tembusu virus and two of Sindbis virus were from Culex tritaeniorhynchus; two of Tembusu virus and two of Sindbis virus came from Culex gelidus. Tembusu virus was active throughout the year at K. Tijirak, the highest infection rates in C. tritaeniorhynchus being in January-March and May-August, when the C. tritaeniorhynchus population was declining and ageing. These results confirm that C. tritaeniorhynchus is the principal arthopod host of Tembusu virus in Sarawak. Antibody studies suggest that birds, particularly domestic fowl, are probably vertebrate maintenance hosts of Tembusu and Sindbis viruses in Sarawak.

Arbovirus infections in Sarawak, October 1968-February 1970: GETAH virus isolations from mosquitoes

Simpson DI, Way HJ, Platt GS, Bowen ET, Hill MN, Kamath S, et al.

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1975;69(1):35-8.

PMID: 238314

14 strains of Getah virus were isolated from a variety of mosquito species collected in Sarawak between October 1968 and February 1970. Ten strains were isolated from C. tritaeniorhynchus 7 of them at K. Tijirak. Single strains were isolated from C. gelidus, C. pseudovishnui, M. bonneae/dives and Aanopheles species. 6 of the isolates were obtained in October 1968 when Japanese encephalitis, Tembusu and Sindbis viruses were also very active. The available evidence suggest that Getah virus in Sarawak is maintained in a cycle similar to that of Japanese encephalitis virus and involves C. tritaeniorhynchus, C. gelidus and domestic pigs.

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