MyMedR

Melamine foam in Dentistry

Sidhu P, Muthusamy S, Kannan S, Muthu K

Int J Dent Hyg, 2015 Nov;13(4):239-40.

PMID: 25847230 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12137

Oral health: bamboo salt

Sidhu P, Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Muthu K

Br Dent J, 2014 Jul;217(2):54.

PMID: 25060430 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.601

Fulltext Multiple bony overgrowths in the mouth - report of two cases

Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Muthu K, Sidhu P

Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab, 2015 12 29;12(3):260-1.

PMID: 26811708 DOI: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.3.260

Tori and exostoses are benign bony protuberances that arise from bone surfaces in the oral cavity. The etiology of these growths has been implicated as multifactorial, but no consensus has been reached so far. These painless overgrowths seldom present as a complaint in the dental office unless functional or esthetic complications set in, and there is a fear for cancer. Here we discuss two rare cases where bony overgrowths present in the mouth were extensive and multiple.

Fulltext Palatal ecchymosis associated with irrumation

Muthu K, Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Sidhu P

Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, 2015 Sep-Oct;81(5):505-7.

PMID: 26261150 DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.162343

A case of pulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as lung carcinoma

Tan KT, Kannan SK, Rajahram GS

Med J Malaysia, 2019 12;74(6):547-548.

PMID: 31929486

Tuberculosis is a nimble chameleon. It can manifest itself in various ways with atypical clinical and radiographic findings. In this report we discuss the importance of radiographic findings (nodular or mass-like forms) requiring a correlation with microbiological and histopathological results to differentiate lung cancer from TB.

Fulltext Application of platelet rich fibrin for management of an electrosurge induced osteonecrosis involving maxillary alveolus

Suresh N, Chandrasekaran B, Muthusamy S, Kannan S, Muthu K

Singapore Dent J, 2015 Dec;36:39-43.

PMID: 26684495 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdj.2014.11.004

BACKGROUND: Application of principles of electrocautery for hemostasis dates back to prehistoric times. Its modern implementation in various fields of general and head and neck surgeries have been well documented. However its usage in minor oral surgical procedures has gained popularity only recently. Complications associated with electro-surgery in the dental field are relatively rare and there is insufficient literature on its management.

CASE REPORT: We present a case report on management of an electrosurgery induced osteonecrosis involving maxillary alveolus of left premolars.

DISCUSSION: Inadvertent contact of the electrosurgery tip on bone can result in necrosis making it necessary to remove the sequestrum and graft the defect. Platelet rich fibrin in combination with bone grafts have been well documented to provide successful periodontal regeneration.

CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Our aim of presenting this report is to create awareness among the health care providers regarding electrosurgical injuries. To our knowledge, this is the first time platelet rich fibrin has been used in the management of intraoral electrosurgical injury. Combining bone grafts with platelet rich fibrin is a good alternative as it can be done with relative ease and predictable outcome.

Radiographic assessment of the prevalence of pulp stones in Malaysians

Kannan S, Kannepady SK, Muthu K, Jeevan MB, Thapasum A

J Endod, 2015 Mar;41(3):333-7.

PMID: 25476972 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.10.015

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulp stones in the Malaysian population using radiographs, and to assess the association of pulp stones with gender, age, tooth type, dental arch and tooth status. Occurrence of pulp stones among the three races in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese and Indians) was also studied.

Thermal burn of palate in an elderly diabetic patient

Kannan S, Chandrasekaran B, Muthusamy S, Sidhu P, Suresh N

Gerodontology, 2014 Jun;31(2):149-52.

PMID: 24797620 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12010

Burns of the oral mucosa may be caused by thermal, mechanical, chemical, electrical or radiation injury. Clinically, these burns can produce localised or diffuse areas of tissue damage depending on the severity and extent of the insult. Most oral thermal burns produce erosions or ulcers on the palate or tongue.

Black hairy tongue in older edentulous individuals

Kannan S, Muthusamy S, Chandrasekaran B, Gopal D, Sidhu P

J Am Geriatr Soc, 2014 May;62(5):992-4.

PMID: 24828937 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12813

Pleuroscopic retrieval of a sewing needle from the pleural cavity under conscious sedation by a chest physician

Tie ST, Wong JL, Kannan SK, Rahman JA

J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol, 2012 Jul;19(3):246-8.

PMID: 23207471 DOI: 10.1097/LBR.0b013e31825c3228

We report a case of a young man who presented with a left-sided pneumothorax after suffering an accidental penetrating injury by a sewing needle to the anterior chest wall. Chest radiograph and the computed tomography of the thorax revealed that the needle was in the pleural cavity and there was an associated pneumothorax. An attempt at retrieval by direct incision failed. The sewing needle was successfully retrieved by a medical pleuroscopy. The patient recovered without any consequences and was discharged home after 24 hours of observation.

(Dibenzyl sulfoxide-kappa O)bis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-kappa(2)O,O')dioxouranium(VI)

Fun HK, Kannan S, Usman A, Abdul-Razak I, Chantrapromma S

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jul;58(Pt 7):m368-70.

PMID: 12094029

In the title compound, [UO(2)(C(15)H(11)O(2))(2)(C(14)H(14)OS)], the U(VI) atom is coordinated by seven O atoms in a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry. Both diphenylpropane-1,3-dionate systems are nearly planar. The sulfoxide moiety is in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, while its two aromatic rings are nearly orthogonal to one another. The crystal packing is stabilized by two bifurcated hydrogen-bonding interactions involving both uranyl O atoms.

A review on the origin of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and perspective of tailored phoP gene towards avirulence

Gangathraprabhu B, Kannan S, Santhanam G, Suryadevara N, Maruthamuthu M

Microb Pathog, 2020 Oct;147:104352.

PMID: 32592823 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104352

Salmonellosis continues to remain a health problem as the causative organism Salmonella spp. developed resistance to many of the antibiotics. As per World Health Organization (WHO), it is estimated that enteric fever, accounts for almost 16 million cases annually and over 600,000 deaths worldwide. Recent data revealed that the multi-drug resistance (MDR) rate of enteric fever was as high as 70% in Asian countries, as compared with the overall reported incidence of 50%. Emergence of MDR typhoid fever demands the use of newer antibiotics which also not offer promising effect in recent days. Effective antimicrobial therapy is required to control morbidity and prevent death from typhoid fever. The studies on PhoP/Q regulation revealed it as a best-characterized transcriptional regulation; a two-component system required for Salmonella pathogenesis which controls the expression of more than 40 genes. The PhoP DNA binding proteins possess positively charged amino acids such as arginine, lysine and histidine which present in the DNA binding site. Prevention of PhoP binding in phoP box may ultimately prevent the expression of many regulatory mechanism which plays vital role in Salmonella virulence. Deepness study of PhoP protein and various mutation swots may offer effectual controlling of MDR Salmonella.

Fulltext Retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumor with duodenal infiltration: A challenging endo-luminal tissue diagnosis

Qua CS, Peh KB, Kannan S, Goh KL

JGH Open, 2022 Feb;6(2):152-154.

PMID: 35155826 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12711

A 32-year-old Malay male was referred to our hospital for a second opinion. An abdominal and pelvic CT scan at the previous medical facility showed a large retroperitoneal tumor, which was subjected to ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) with a provisional diagnosis of malignant lymphoma. However, after reviewing the existing results, a repeat biopsy was deemed necessary and this was performed endoluminally via gastroduodenoscopy in view of the close proximity of the tumor and the third part of the duodenum. The first biopsy failed to detect any abnormal cells, but a repeat biopsy with supporting evidence from other laboratory results led to a final diagnosis of extragonadal germ cell tumor (GCT) with duodenal infiltration.

Fulltext A case of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis successfully removed via endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) with no evidence of recurrence

Wong JL, Tie ST, Lee J, Kannan SK, Rashid Ali MR, Ibrahim A, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):195-6.

PMID: 25500852 MyJurnal

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), characterized by the formation of recurrent, epithelial neoplastic lesions in the airways. While benign, they can cause significant airway obstruction in some cases. Difficulties in treatment arise from the recurrent nature of the lesions despite repeated procedures. Other known procedures that result in deep tissue damage also cause unacceptable collateral damage to the underlying airway mucosa. We describe a case of recurrent papillomatosis that was successfully treated with argon plasma coagulation ( APC) when laser and electrocautery ablation had failed in the past. After the papillomatasis was treated with APC, there is no recurrence on repeat scope at 4 months and 9 months after the initial procedure. The procedure was done as a day case and there is no complication from the procedure. The property of the APC that allows it to cause only superficial thermal damage to the tissue makes it a suitable adjunct therapy to the treatment of papillomas, which are usually superficial lesions.

Fulltext Management of bleeding pseudoaneurysm of gastroduodenal artery secondary to chronic pancreatitis

Leow VM, Siam F, Kannan S, Sari Baharudin M, Raman K, Singh H

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Jun;68(3):271-2.

PMID: 23749023 MyJurnal

A bleeding pseudoaneurysm of the peripancreatic artery can present with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. History of pancreatitis and urgent imaging are crucial in the making of the diagnosis. Here, we report a patient with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis presented with ruptured pseudoaneurysm of gastroduodenal artery (GDA). He was treated with percutaneous angiographic embolisation.

Fulltext Methacholine challenge test as an adjunctive investigative tool in patients with asthma-like symptoms: the Sabah experience

Siew BTT, Wong JL, Beniyamin A, Ho A, Kannan SKK, Jamalul Azizi AR

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):204-6.

PMID: 22822644 MyJurnal

INTRODUCTION: Patients with asthma-like symptoms pose a diagnostic dilemma when physical examination is normal. The usual practice in Malaysia would be to give empirical asthma treatment. Bronchial challenge test (BCT) is widely used in many countries to diagnose asthma objectively but it is not widely available in Malaysia.
OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with BCT using methacholine at Queen Elizabeth Hospital as a supporting tool in the investigation of patients with asthma-like symptoms.
METHODOLOGY: Review of case notes of patients who underwent BCT from July 2008 till April 2009. BCT was performed via dosimeter technique. Results were classified as high hyper responsiveness if the provocative dose of methacholine required to achieve 20% fall in FEV1 (PD20) was less than or equal to 0.125 micromol, moderate hyper responsiveness if PD20 was between 0.125 to 1.99 micromol or mild hyper responsiveness if PD20 was between 2.00 to 6.6 micromol. PD20 of more than 6.6 micromol constitutes a negative MCT.
RESULTS: 29 patients had BCT during the study period. 19 cases were included in this review. The age ranged from 13 to 70 years old. There were 12 males and 7 females. Duration of symptoms ranged from 2 weeks to 23 years. BCT was positive (mild or moderate hyper responsiveness) in 10 out of 19 patients. No patient had high bronchial hyper responsiveness.
CONCLUSIONS: BCT is a useful adjunctive tool in the investigation of patients presenting with asthma-like symptoms. This test obviates empirical asthma treatment. BCT should be made available in all major hospitals in Malaysia.

Transform diabetes care with precision medicine

Kannan S, Chellappan DK, Kow CS, Ramachandram DS, Pandey M, Mayuren J, et al.

Health Sci Rep, 2023 Nov;6(11):e1642.

PMID: 37915365 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1642

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diabetes is a global concern. This article took a closer look at diabetes and precision medicine.

METHODS: A literature search of studies related to the use of precision medicine in diabetes care was conducted in various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus).

RESULTS: Precision medicine encompasses the integration of a wide array of personal data, including clinical, lifestyle, genetic, and various biomarker information. Its goal is to facilitate tailored treatment approaches using contemporary diagnostic and therapeutic techniques that specifically target patients based on their genetic makeup, molecular markers, phenotypic traits, or psychosocial characteristics. This article not only highlights significant advancements but also addresses key challenges, particularly focusing on the technologies that contribute to the realization of personalized and precise diabetes care.

CONCLUSION: For the successful implementation of precision diabetes medicine, collaboration and coordination among multiple stakeholders are crucial.

Fulltext Biological Activity of Cyclic Peptide Extracted from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides Using De Novo Sequencing Strategy by Mass Spectrometry for Cancer

Yanamadala S, Shanthirappan S, Kannan S, Chiterasu N, Subramanian K, Al-Keridis LA, et al.

Biology (Basel), 2023 Mar 07;12(3).

PMID: 36979104 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030412

Though there are several advancements and developments in cancer therapy, the treatment remains challenging. In recent years, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from traditional herbs are focused for identifying and developing potential anticancer molecules. In this study, AMPs are identified from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides, a natural medicinal herb widely used as a crucial immune stimulant in Indian medicine. A total of 86 peptide traces were identified using liquid-chromatography-electrospray-ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). Among them, three peptides were sequenced using the manual de novo sequencing technique. The in-silico prediction revealed that SA923 is a cyclic peptide with C-N terminal interaction of the carbon atom of ASP7 with the nitrogen atom of GLU1 (1ELVFYRD7). Thus, SA923 is presented under the orbitides class of peptides, which lack the disulfide bonds for cyclization. In addition, SA923, steered with the physicochemical properties and support vector machine (SVM) algorithm mentioned for the segment, has the highest in silico anticancer potential. Further, the in vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed the peptide has anti-proliferative activity, and toxicity studies were demonstrated in Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryos.

Fulltext Altered trajectories of neurodevelopment and behavior in mouse models of Rett syndrome

Smith ES, Smith DR, Eyring C, Braileanu M, Smith-Connor KS, Ei Tan Y, et al.

Neurobiol Learn Mem, 2019 Nov;165:106962.

PMID: 30502397 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.007

Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the x-linked gene coding for methyl-CpG-biding-protein 2 (MECP2) and that mainly affects females. Male and female transgenic mouse models of RTT have been studied extensively, and we have learned a great deal regarding RTT neuropathology and how MeCP2 deficiency may be influencing brain function and maturation. In this manuscript we review what is known concerning structural and coinciding functional and behavioral deficits in RTT and in mouse models of MeCP2 deficiency. We also introduce our own corroborating data regarding behavioral phenotype and morphological alterations in volume of the cortex and striatum and the density of neurons, aberrations in experience-dependent plasticity within the barrel cortex and the impact of MeCP2 loss on glial structure. We conclude that regional structural changes in genetic models of RTT show great similarity to the alterations in brain structure of patients with RTT. These region-specific modifications often coincide with phenotype onset and contribute to larger issues of circuit connectivity, progression, and severity. Although the alterations seen in mouse models of RTT appear to be primarily due to cell-autonomous effects, there are also non-cell autonomous mechanisms including those caused by MeCP2-deficient glia that negatively impact healthy neuronal function. Collectively, this body of work has provided a solid foundation on which to continue to build our understanding of the role of MeCP2 on neuronal and glial structure and function, its greater impact on neural development, and potential new therapeutic avenues.

Trends and predictions of malnutrition and obesity in 204 countries and territories: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Chong B, Jayabaskaran J, Kong G, Chan YH, Chin YH, Goh R, et al.

EClinicalMedicine, 2023 Mar;57:101850.

PMID: 36864983 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101850

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition and obesity are interdependent pathologies along the same spectrum. We examined global trends and projections of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and deaths from malnutrition and obesity until 2030.

METHODS: Using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study involving 204 countries and territories, trends in DALYs and deaths were described for obesity and malnutrition from 2000 to 2019, stratified by geographical regions (as defined by WHO) and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI). Malnutrition was defined according to the 10th revision of International Classification of Diseases codes for nutritional deficiencies, stratified by malnutrition type. Obesity was measured via body mass index (BMI) using metrics related to national and subnational estimates, defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Countries were stratified into low, low-middle, middle, high-middle, and high SDI bands. Regression models were constructed to predict DALYs and mortality up to 2030. Association between age-standardised prevalence of the diseases and mortality was also assessed.

FINDINGS: In 2019, age-standardised malnutrition-related DALYs was 680 (95% UI: 507-895) per 100,000 population. DALY rates decreased from 2000 to 2019 (-2.86% annually), projected to fall 8.4% from 2020 to 2030. Africa and low SDI countries observed highest malnutrition-related DALYs. Age-standardised obesity-related DALY estimates were 1933 (95% UI: 1277-2640). Obesity-related DALYs rose 0.48% annually from 2000 to 2019, predicted to increase by 39.8% from 2020 to 2030. Highest obesity-related DALYs were in Eastern Mediterranean and middle SDI countries.

INTERPRETATION: The ever-increasing obesity burden, on the backdrop of curbing the malnutrition burden, is predicted to rise further.

FUNDING: None.

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