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  1. Leong YC, Muhammad-Suhairi J
    Malays Orthop J, 2019 Jul;13(2):45-48.
    PMID: 31467652 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1907.009
    Treatment of chronic Rockwood's type V Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation remains controversial. We describe a surgical technique to reduce and maintain AC joint using a combination of gracilis autograft with GraftMax™ button (Conmed Inc, Utica, NY). Graft was prepared using running whip stitch technique with No. 5 Hi-Fi high strength suture (ConMed Linvatec, Largo, FL). Our technique reduces intraoperative clavicular and coracoid tunnel fracture and restores anatomical coracoclavicular ligament. At sixth week and third month postoperatively, the patient demonstrated good clinical and radiographic outcome.
  2. Wang G, Mansor ZD, Leong YC
    Heliyon, 2024 Aug 30;10(16):e36026.
    PMID: 39247307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36026
    BACKGROUND: In the digital era, the role of digital leadership is becoming increasingly prominent. However, the exploration of the alignment between digital leadership and high-involvement human resource management practices (HI-HRMPs) in influencing employee-based resources remains an overlooked research area among current scholars.

    OBJECTIVE: This study aims to analyze the influence of these elements on the digital performance of employees. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capability Theory (DCT), this research focuses on Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and employs purposive sampling to select four representative regions in China (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guizhou, and Anhui). The survey targeted employees within SMEs and was conducted using questionnaire surveys. Structural equation modeling (AMOS) is utilized for analysis.

    RESULTS: The findings indicate that: (1) digital leadership cannot directly influence employee digital performance and employee dynamic capability but can directly influence HI-HRMP; (2) HI-HRMP mediate the influence of digital leadership on employee digital performance, but employee dynamic capability cannot mediate the influence of digital leadership on employee digital performance; (3) HI-HRMP and employee dynamic capability play a chain mediating role between digital leadership and employee digital performance.

    CONCLUSION: In the digital market, digital leadership improves employee digital performance by boosting HI-HRMP and enhancing employee dynamic capabilities. The findings support studies on practical applications and link between digital leadership and employee digital performance. The uniqueness of this study lies in applying HI-HRMP and employee dynamic capabilities as chain mediating variables in the digital market. This approach extends the application of HRMPs and dynamic capability theory, providing theoretical guidance and decision support for the digital operations of SMEs.

  3. Ng DL, Leong YC, Gan GG
    Support Care Cancer, 2016 12;24(12):5015-5023.
    PMID: 27460016
    PURPOSE: The survival for patients with lymphoma has improved over the past decades with the introduction of novel agents. Quality of life of these survivors is now being studied with focus on minimising the late effects of chemotherapy and improving psychosocial support. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression of lymphoma survivors and to investigate the possible association between these disorders and quality of life.

    METHODS: Patients with previous diagnosis of lymphoma who remained in remission were recruited from a major hospital in Malaysia. Quality of life of these patients was measured using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C30). Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS).

    RESULTS: A total of 156 patients participated in this study. Eighteen percent (18 %) of patients had symptoms of anxiety, and 10 % had symptoms of depression. Patients who had higher depression scores were older, of lower education level and had more than one comorbidity illness. Patients with anxiety were associated with lower overall quality of life (QOL) score, lower emotional and cognitive functioning and complained more of fatigue and insomnia (p 

  4. Gan GG, Ching Ng DL, Leong YC
    Singapore Med J, 2022 Jul;63(7):376-380.
    PMID: 33472336 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2021003
    INTRODUCTION: Although erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of known long-term complications among male lymphoma survivors, it is not commonly reported, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ED in lymphoma survivors in Malaysia and its association with anxiety and depression, and effects on quality of life.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Patients were all male lymphoma survivors. The self-administered International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire was used to screen for ED. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score questionnaire was used to assess for anxiety and depression, and quality of life was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire.

    RESULTS: Overall, 106 patients were recruited. Mean age was 55.7 years, with 61.3% of patients aged above 50 years. Only 67.0% of patients were sexually active and 81.7% of these reported the presence of ED, with only 4.2% having severe ED. Prevalence of ED among younger patients (age ≤50 years old) was 64.5%.The most common reason given by patients who were not sexually active was fatigue. Age was the only factor found to be associated with ED (p <0.005) and severity of ED increased with age. There was no association between ED and psychological stress or quality of life.

    CONCLUSION: Prevalence of ED and absence of sexual activity in lymphoma survivors was high. This should serve as a reminder to the treating clinician to offer early treatment and counselling.

  5. Wang G, Niu Y, Mansor ZD, Leong YC, Yan Z
    Heliyon, 2024 Feb 29;10(4):e25583.
    PMID: 38379974 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25583
    While dynamic capabilities have been described as crucial for achieving organizational performance in dynamic environments, there has been limited scholarly distinction between dynamic capabilities and employee dynamic capabilities (EDC), especially in the digital era. Consequently, a knowledge gap has emerged. To address this void, this paper aims to investigate the driving factors of EDC and their impact on employee digital performance (EDP). Simultaneously, incorporating the competitive climate (CC) as a moderating variable between employee dynamic capabilities and employee digital performance addresses theoretical gaps in specific regions in China, particularly in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study utilizes survey data from SMEs in four Chinese provinces: Shanghai, Guizhou, Guangdong, and Anhui. It employs CB-SEM (AMOS) to analyze the new conceptual framework. Firstly, the research uncovers that the positive relationship between digital capabilities and employee digital performance necessitates employee dynamic capabilities as a mediator. Secondly, there exists a direct and indirect relationship between organizational learning and employee digital performance. Finally, this study discerns that the competitive climate moderates the relationship between employee dynamic capabilities and employee digital performance. This finding demonstrates remarkable alignment with the competitive culture in specific regions of China. The research results encourage SMEs to seize the opportunities presented by emerging digital technologies and industry digitization trends. They should commit to embracing new digital technologies, enhancing digital capability, strengthening organizational learning, fostering a positive competitive climate, and focusing on the development of employee dynamic capability to enhance their competitive edge. The findings of this research contribute not only to academic inquiry but also furnish pertinent decision-making references for relevant departments.
  6. Gan GG, Leong YC, Bee PC, Chin EF, Abdul Halim H, Nadarajan VS, et al.
    Cytokine, 2016 Feb;78:55-61.
    PMID: 26638029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.11.022
    Non-HLA gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with the risk of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT). This study aims to investigate the role of IL6, TNFα, IL10, IL2 and IL12 gene polymorphisms in the outcome of AHSCT in a South East Asian population. A total of 67 patients and 59 donors who underwent HLA-identical matched sibling AHSCT were available for analysis. There was no significant association between the different cytokine genotypes of patients with the incidence and severity of acute GVHD. Patients with IL2 166∗T allele and patients who received donor stem cells who had IL2 166∗G allele appeared to have reduced incidence of cGVHD. Patients who received donor stem cells with IL12 1188∗C allele are found to be associated with better disease free survival. These results suggest a possible role of IL2 and IL12 gene polymorphisms in the outcome of AHSCT in a South East Asian population.
  7. Gan GG, Leong YC, Bee PC, Chin E, Teh AK
    Support Care Cancer, 2015 Aug;23(8):2399-406.
    PMID: 25876158 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-015-2614-z
    BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is often used by cancer patients, but not many studies had been published on the prevalence of CAM use in patients with hematological cancers. This study aims to determine the prevalence of CAM and type of CAM used in this group of patients in a multiracial and multicultural country.

    PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional survey carried out in two hospitals in Malaysia. Patients with underlying hematological cancers were asked to complete the questionnaires on CAM and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

    RESULTS: A total of 245 patients participated. The prevalence of CAM use was 70.2 %. The most common types of CAM used are biological-based therapies (90.2 %) and mind-body interventions (42 %). Vitamin and diet supplements (68.6 %) and folk/herb remedies (58 %) are the most common biological-based therapies used. There is no significant association of CAM use with age, gender, education level, and household income. Female patients are more likely to use more than one CAM therapies. The most common reason reported for CAM use was to boost immunity (57 %) and cure (24 %). Majority of patients (65 %) felt CAM was effective, and 60 % did not inform their physicians regarding CAM usage.

    CONCLUSION: In view of the high prevalence of CAM use in patients with hematological cancers, it is important that the physicians play an active role in seeking information from patients and to monitor possible drug-vitamin-herbal interactions.

  8. Leong YC, Yeoh CW, Azman MI, Juhari MS, Siti HT
    Malays Orthop J, 2022 Nov;16(3):50-54.
    PMID: 36589379 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2211.009
    INTRODUCTION: Rotator cuff pathology is commonly attributed to acromion morphology that is demonstrable in standard AP shoulder radiographs by measuring the critical shoulder angle (CSA), the lateral acromial angle (LAA), and the acromial index (AI). However, these parameters vary among races and countries. Therefore, our study aimed to get the local data on acromion morphology in patients with rotator cuff disease.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI shoulder reports between January 2012 and June 2018 were reviewed. The study group consisted of 47 patients with rotator cuff injury with a partial or complete tear, and a control group of 37 patients with tendinitis or osteoarthritis and intact rotator cuffs. The CSA, LAA, and AI of both groups were measured on the anteroposterior shoulder radiograph. The risk factors for both groups and the acromion morphology were recorded.

    RESULTS: The CSA for the rotator cuff tear and the control group was 39.08° and 38.28°, LAA was 72.57 ° and 73.51°, and AI was 0.79 and 0.75. The acromion morphology differed in terms of gender, and only LAA was different among the different ethnic groups. There was a negative correlation between age and CSA, age and AI, LAA and CSA, LAA and AI, but a positive correlation between AI and CSA.

    CONCLUSION: The CSA for rotator cuff tear patients in our population was 39.08°, LAA was 72.57°, and AI was 0.79. The acromion morphology was significantly influenced by age and gender.

  9. Gan GG, Ng DLC, Leong YC, Bee PC, Chin EFM, Abdul Halim H, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2019 Jun;74(3):191-197.
    PMID: 31256172
    BACKGROUND: It is not uncommon that anxiety and depression occur in patients with cancers, and past researches have shown that the quality of life of patients is negatively affected. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression of patients with haematological cancers in Malaysia and to investigate the possible association of these psychological symptoms with their quality of life.

    METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study where patients with haematological cancers attending two major hospitals were recruited. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). Quality of life (QoL) of these patients was measured using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C30). An overall summary QoL score in combination with financial difficulty score and global health score were used for analysis.

    RESULTS: A total of 319 patients were recruited. Thirty-three percent of patients had anxiety symptoms, 23.5% had depression symptoms. In summary the overall score of QoL is significantly lower in patients with higher scores for depression and anxiety, (p<0.05). Patients who exhibit anxiety symptoms were more frequently female, still undergoing treatment whereas patients who had higher depression scores were older and had acute leukemias or myeloproliferative neoplasms. Patients who have depression are significantly associated with a higher financial difficulty score, p<0.05.

    CONCLUSION: The poor quality of life in patients who have anxiety and depression should raise awareness amongst the health professions treating them so that additional support can be provided.

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