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Effect of syringin (eleutheroside B) on the physiological and hematological parameters in STZ induced Type II diabetic Wistar rats

Us MR, Zin T, C SS, Iqbal M

Pak J Pharm Sci, 2020 Nov;33(6):2601-2606.
PMID: 33867336

To investigate the physiological indices such as body weight, food and fluid drinking concern to antidiabetic properties of syringin and its useful outcome on hematological parameters in streptozotocin stimulated diabetic rats. Six normal and 18 diabetic rats totally 24 rats have been used for the present investigation. Streptozotocin was injected in male Wistar rats to induce diabetes through intraperitoneal route. After the confirmation of diabetes, the test animals were treated with distilled water through oral route or syringin 5 mg/kg body weight/ rat /day for 10 days. The diabetic treated groups compared with the controls were evaluated based on their hematological parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells and its functional indices. The blood glucose levels significantly decreased in syringin injected rats. The intake of water and feed in diabetic rats were significantly decreased, whereas after syringin administration the weight loss was minimized. Congruently, the level of red blood cells, white blood cells and their functional key characters were also considerably enhanced. It can be conjectured that syringin has antihyperglycemic properties. In addition, it can positively amend some hematological parameters.
Microvascular endothelial function and primary open angle glaucoma

Mudassar Imran Bukhari S, Yew KK, Thambiraja R, Sulong S, Ghulam Rasool AH, Ahmad Tajudin LS

Ther Adv Ophthalmol, 2019 08 22;11:2515841419868100.
PMID: 31489400 DOI: 10.1177/2515841419868100

Purpose: To determine the role of microvascular endothelial dysfunction as risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 114 Malay patients with POAG seen at the eye clinic of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Patients aged between 40 and 80 years who were diagnosed with other types of glaucoma, previous glaucoma filtering surgery or other surgeries except uncomplicated cataract surgery and pterygium surgery were excluded. A total of 101 patients who were followed up for dry eyes, age-related cataracts or post cataracts extraction surgery were recruited as control subjects. Those with family history of glaucoma or glaucoma suspect were excluded. Microvascular endothelial function was assessed using laser Doppler fluximetry and the process of iontophoresis. Iontophoresis with acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to measure microvascular endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilatations, respectively.
Results: In general, POAG patients demonstrated lower ACh% and AChmax values compared with controls. There was significant difference in microvascular endothelial function [ACh%: mean, 95% confidence interval = 503.1 (378.0, 628.3), and AChmax: mean, 95% confidence interval = 36.8 (30.2, 43.5)] between primary open angle glaucoma cases (p
Genetic analyses of Culicoides peregrinus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) reveal population differentiation in southern India a hotspot of bluetongue disease outbreaks and lack of gene flow across its range

Pal A, Kar S, Mondal B, Banerjee N, Mudassar Chanda M, Mazumdar A

J Med Entomol, 2025 Mar 27.
PMID: 40152496 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaf039

Among India's 7 potential vectors of bluetongue virus (BTV), Culicoides peregrinus has assumed importance due to the recent isolation of BTV-23, with several severe bluetongue disease (BTD) outbreaks in Southern India and high abundance throughout India. These factors warrant the elucidation of its genetic structure across various physiographic regions. Adult Culicoides were captured from 14 collection locations across different physiographic areas of India. The study used 2 genetic markers, ie mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase-1 (COX-1) and nuclear ribosomal protein-S2B intron region (EPIC). COX-1 sequences of C. peregrinus from the other areas of its distribution were also considered. A high intraspecific genetic distance, ie 2.46% (within India) and 3.5% (across its distribution range) indicates the possibility of cryptic species. This vector has a relatively uniform genetic structure with a slight difference in the southern Indian population. However, the populations from different countries are genetically distinct and exhibit high genetic distances among themselves. There is evidence of demographic expansion with India as the probable ancestral region with 3 distinct lineages: India-Bangladesh, Thailand-China-Malaysia, and Australia. STRUCTURE analysis using EPIC marker (ribosomal protein-S2B intron region) depicted the distribution of 2 alleles in India but no population substructure. Pairwise FST indicated the south Indian population to have low but significant genetic differentiation with other Indian populations. More fine scale studies to ascertain the genetic differentiation of the Indian population along with direct experimental validation of vector competence is imperative to confirm C. peregrinus as the causative vector of BTD outbreaks.
Fulltext Distributed Denial of Services (DDoS) attack detection in SDN using Optimizer-equipped CNN-MLP

Mehmood S, Amin R, Mustafa J, Hussain M, Alsubaei FS, Zakaria MD

PLoS One, 2025;20(1):e0312425.
PMID: 39869573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0312425

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) provides more control and network operation over a network infrastructure as an emerging and revolutionary paradigm in networking. Operating the many network applications and preserving the network services and functions, the SDN controller is regarded as the operating system of the SDN-based network architecture. The SDN has several security problems because of its intricate design, even with all its amazing features. Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks continuously impact users and Internet service providers (ISPs). Because of its centralized design, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks on SDN are frequent and may have a widespread effect on the network, particularly at the control layer. We propose to implement both MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) and CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) based on conventional methods to detect the Denial of Services (DDoS) attack. These models have got a complex optimizer installed on them to decrease the false positive or DDoS case detection efficiency. We use the SHAP feature selection technique to improve the detection procedure. By assisting in the identification of which features are most essential to spot the incidents, the approach aids in the process of enhancing precision and flammability. Fine-tuning the hyperparameters with the help of Bayesian optimization to obtain the best model performance is another important thing that we do in our model. Two datasets, InSDN and CICDDoS-2019, are utilized to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, 99.95% for the true positive (TP) of the CICDDoS-2019 dataset and 99.98% for the InSDN dataset, the results show that the model is highly accurate.
Comparative efficacy of chitosan-HPMC-based nanoencapsulation and ultrasonic treatment of thymol-cinnamaldehyde for controlling Rhizopus stolonifer in papaya: In vitro and in vivo studies

Phyo HM, Al-Maqtari QA, Othman N, Chen Y, Khalid MU, Hussain M, et al.

Food Res Int, 2025 Mar;204:115871.
PMID: 39986754 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2025.115871

This study examines the in vitro antifungal properties and in vivo efficacy of thymol-cinnamaldehyde (TH-CIN) loaded nanocapsules, prepared using chitosan (CH) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H) with varying ultrasonic power (200-600 W), for controlling Rhizopus stolonifer in papaya. Ultrasonic power notably influenced the nanocapsules' antifungal properties, both in vitro and in vivo. Higher ultrasonic power resulted in improved antifungal activity, with NC-CH-400 and NC-CH-H-600 formulations achieving the highest inhibition zones (94.67 % and 93.33 %, respectively) against R. stolonifer in vitro. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for CH formulations was 6.25 mg/mL, while the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) for all formulations was 50 mg/mL. Protein leakage assays demonstrated significant disruption of R. stolonifer cell membranes, with NC-CH-400 and NC-CH-H-600 at MFC reducing intracellular protein concentrations by over 95 %. In vivo tests showed that NC-CH-400 nanocapsule-coated papayas, whether sprayed or dipped, reduced weight loss to 0.54 % and 0.86 %, respectively, and exhibited lower decay severity indices, particularly during storage. Spraying was more effective than dipping in preventing decay. Peel color analysis revealed that coated fruits maintained acceptable ripeness levels over 10 days, indicating delayed maturation. Coated fruits also exhibited better color consistency and were preferred in sensory evaluations for improved taste, aroma, color, and texture, particularly with NC-CH-400 and NC-CH-H-600 coatings.
A review on sensing and catalytic activity of nano-catalyst for synthesis of one-step ammonia and urea: Challenges and perspectives

Qureshi S, Mumtaz M, Chong FK, Mukhtar A, Saqib S, Ullah S, et al.

Chemosphere, 2022 Mar;291(Pt 3):132806.
PMID: 34780730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132806

One of the most significant chemical operations in the past century was the Haber-Bosch catalytic synthesis of ammonia, a fertilizer vital to human life. Many catalysts are developed for effective route of ammonia synthesis. The major challenges are to reduce temperature and pressure of process and to improve conversion of reactants produce green ammonia. The present review, briefly discusses the evolution of ammonia synthesis and current advances in nanocatalyst development. There are promising new ammonia synthesis catalysts of different morphology as well as magnetic nanoparticles and nanowires that could replace conventional Fused-Fe and Promoted-Ru catalysts in existing ammonia synthesis plants. These magnetic nanocatalyst could be basis for the production of magnetically induced one-step green ammonia and urea synthesis processes in future.
Treatment of Hospital wastewater with submerged aerobic fixed film reactor coupled with tube-settler

Khan NA, Bokhari A, Mubashir M, Klemeš JJ, El Morabet R, Khan RA, et al.

Chemosphere, 2022 Jan;286(Pt 3):131838.
PMID: 34399260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131838

In this study, Hospital wastewater was treated using a submerged aerobic fixed film (SAFF) reactor coupled with tubesettler in series. SAFF consisted of a column with an up-flow biofilter. The biological oxygen demand (BOD)5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were the chosen pollutants for evaluation. The pollutants removal efficiency was determined at varying organic loading rates and hydraulic retention time. The organic loading rate was varied between 0.25 and 1.25 kg COD m-3 d-1. The removal efficiency of SAFF and tubesettler combined was 75 % COD, 67 % BOD and 67 % phosphate, respectively. However, nitrate saw an increase in concentration by 25 %. SAFF contribution in the removal of COD, BOD5 and Phosphate was 48 %, 46 % and 29 %, respectively. While for accumulation of nitrate, it was responsible for 56%, respectively. Tubesettler performed better than SAFF with 52 %, 54 % and 69 % reduction of COD, BOD5 and phosphate, respectively. But in terms of nitrate, tubesettler was responsible for 44 % accumulation. The nutrient reduction decreased with an increase in the organic loading rate. Nitrification was observed in the SAFF and tubesettler, which indicated a well-aerated system. An anaerobic unit is required for completing the denitrification process and removing nitrogen from the effluent. The better performance of tubesettler over SAFF calls for necessitates extended retention time over design criteria. Further studies are beneficial to investigate the impact of pharmaceutical compounds on the efficiency of SAFF.
Fulltext The Evaluation of Clinical Signs and Symptoms of Malignant Tumors Involving the Maxillary Sinus: Recommendation of an Examination Sieve and Risk Alarm Score

Bashir A, Khan ZA, Maqsood A, Prabhu N, Saleem MM, Alzarea BK, et al.

Healthcare (Basel), 2023 Jan 09;11(2).
PMID: 36673562 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020194

This observational study was conducted to evaluate the clinical signs and symptoms of maxillary sinus tumors and to propose a clinical examination sieve and a unique risk alarm score to be used for timely patient referral and vigilance. The study consisted of 70 patients between 20 to 82 years of age from both sexes. The clinical information gained was collected from the upper dentoalveolar segment, orbit, and nasal sites. Regarding the early clinical sign and symptoms of patients, nasal obstruction was found in 67 patients (95.7%), facial swelling in 69 patients (98.6%), paresthesia in 41 patients (58.6%), and epistaxis in 50 patients (71.4%). Furthermore, in terms of the late signs and symptoms, a palpable mass in buccal sulcus was observed in 65 (92.9%) of the patients, lymphadenopathy in 24 (34.3%), paresthesia in 38 (54.3%), and diplopia in 22 (31.4%). Furthermore, general sign and symptoms like exophthalmos was present in 35 patients (50%), anosmia was observed in 37 patients (52.9%), and oroantral fistula was noted in 37 patients (55.9%). Additionally, 67 (95.7%) of the patients complained of nasal obstruction. Similarly, facial asymmetry was observed in 69 (98.6%) of the patients and double vision was observed in 24 (34.4%). Tumors of the maxillary sinus have a very insidious course of spread and uncertain clinical signs and symptoms. What makes diagnosis worse is the fact that the symptoms of these tumors are so well hidden in the sponge-like nature of the midfacial region that they are easily misinterpreted by patients. Therefore, diagnoses must be made early, dentists must be vigilant, and patients must be fully investigated at the slightest suspicion of a tumor, albeit benign.
Toxicological assessment of Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. cladode methanol extract, fractions and its alpha pyrones: Opuntiol and opuntioside

Siddiqui F, Farooq AD, Mudassar, Kabir N, Fatima N, Abidi L, et al.

J Ethnopharmacol, 2021 Nov 15;280:114409.
PMID: 34265378 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114409

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The edible plant Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. commonly known as Nagphana, belongs to the Cactaceae family. It is traditionally used to treat various ailments including inflammation, gastric ulcers, diabetes, hepatitis, asthma, whooping cough and intestinal spasm.
AIM OF THE STUDY: Despite its traditional use in various countries, detailed toxicological studies of O. dillenii cladode are few. Thus in the current study, toxicity of O. dillenii cladode derived methanol extract, fractions and its α-pyrones: opuntiol and opuntioside have been addressed.
METHODS: The test agents were assessed using both in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays. MTT on human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK-293), tryphan blue exclusion in rat neutrophils, Cytokinesis-B block micronucleus (CBMN) in human lymphocytes and genomic DNA fragmentation using agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. In acute toxicity test, mice orally received extract (5 g/kg) for 7 days followed by measurements of relative organ weight, biochemical (blood profile, liver and kidney function test) and histological studies (liver and kidney) were carried out. Rat bone marrow micronucleus genotoxicity assay was also conducted.
RESULTS: O. dillenii derived test agents were non-cytotoxic and had no effect on the integrity of DNA. Methanol extract (5 g/kg) orally administered in mice did not cause any significant change in relative organ weights, biochemical parameters and liver and kidney histology as compared to vehicle control. In parallel, extract did not stimulate micronuclei formation in rat bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes.
CONCLUSION: These results led to conclude that edible O. dillenii extract is non-toxic via the oral route and appears to be non-cyto-, hepato-, nephro- or genotoxic, thereby supporting its safe traditional use against various ailments. Therefore, opuntiol and opuntioside may serve as lead compounds in designing new drug(s) derived from edible plants.
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS): Breast size dissatisfaction and its antecedents and outcomes in women from 40 nations

Swami V, Tran US, Barron D, Afhami R, Aimé A, Almenara CA, et al.

Body Image, 2020 Mar;32:199-217.
PMID: 32032822 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.006

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.

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