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Fulltext The effect of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load on overweight individuals and type 2 diabetes patients: an overview of the literature

Chekima, K., Wong, B. T. Z., Ooi, Y. B. H., Ismail M. N., Tan, C. H.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(102):45-45.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. One of the leading factors to this condition is obesity. Low glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) diets have been proposed as lifestyle changes to address obesity, however, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal approach for weight loss, glycemic control and improving insulin sensitivity. In addition, the outcome of these diets are equivocal, with some studies suggesting beneficial outcomes and others suggesting otherwise. Furthermore, discrepant study designs have led to divergent conclusions. In order to provide a comprehensive overview of the low GI and low GL diets, a systematic review of literature on relevant observational studies and randomised control trials was performed on these databases:- The Cochrane Library, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Web of Science. Methods: The review was conducted based on the methodological standards for the conduct and reporting of Cochrane intervention reviews, Version 1.07, November 2018. Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcomes (PICO) tool was used as the organising framework to define key elements of the review question. Results: Pertinent outcome variables include body weight, insulin resistance, HbA1c, fasting serum glucose, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol. Our current understanding of these diets has been complicated by the reports that were based on different study designs and study populations. This review defines the issues, gaps in the research, study design, and evidence that is needed to inform practice, policy making and future research. There is also a dearth of information on the effect of low GI and GL diets on the Asian populations, specifically on improving insulin resistance. High carbohydrate diets are a mainstay of Asian societies. Conclusion: As cases of obesity and type 2 diabetes surge, there is an urgent need for research on low GI and GL dietary modifications among the Asian populations.

Mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells acquire CD45-CD106+ immunophenotype only at later passages

Ooi YY, Ramasamy R, Vidyadaran S

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:65-6.

PMID: 19024986

Classically, MSC are identified by a CD45-CD106+ phenotype. In this study, we found that mouse MSC achieve this characteristic phenotype only at later passages. With increasing passages, CD45 (hematopoietic marker) expression shifts to negativity, whereas CD106 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) expression becomes increasingly positive. These results demonstrate that MSC cells cultured from mouse bone marrow acquire a classical MSC immunophenotype (CD45-CD106+) in later passages.

Combined optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion in presumed ocular tuberculosis without detectable systemic infection

Ooi YL, Tai LY, Subrayan V, Tajunisah I

Ocul Immunol Inflamm, 2011 Oct;19(5):370-2.

PMID: 21834697 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.594203

To report a rare case of combined optic neuropathy and central retinal artery occlusion in presumed ocular tuberculosis without systemic infection.

Fulltext Influence of Chinese cultural health beliefs among Malaysian Chinese in a suburban population: a survey

Chew KS, Tan TW, Ooi YT

Singapore Med J, 2011 Apr;52(4):252-6.

PMID: 21552785

In a multiethnic nation, it is not uncommon for doctors to encounter patients of different cultural backgrounds. Often, patients' cultural beliefs influence their perception of health and illnesses, and their treatment option. Many Chinese cultural beliefs are influenced by the Taoist concept of yin-yang balance.

Fulltext Safety of Brilliant Blue G

Fong KC, Ooi YL, Khang TF

Eye (Lond), 2014 Sep;28(9):1148.

PMID: 24875224 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.123

Fulltext The structural effect of intravitreal Brilliant blue G and Indocyanine green in rats eyes

Ooi YL, Khang TF, Naidu M, Fong KC

Eye (Lond), 2013 Mar;27(3):425-31.

PMID: 23196646 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.260

To compare the potential retinal toxicity of two commercially Brilliant blue G dyes (Brilliant Peel and Ocublue Plus) and Indocyanine green (ICG) at usual clinical concentration.

An evaluation of the staphylococcal co-agglutination test for the detection of group A rotavirus in human faeces

Yap KL, Ooi YE, Khor CM, Wong SH

Malays J Pathol, 1992 Dec;14(2):105-10.

PMID: 1338997

The group A rotavirus staphylococcal co-agglutination test was evaluated and its sensitivity and specificity compared with an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a commercial latex agglutination test (Rotalex). In addition, the storage stability of the staphylococcal reagents was ascertained. Examination of 136 clarified suspensions of diarrhoeal faeces by the staphylococcal co-agglutination test revealed a high proportion of false positives (26%) and uninterpretable results (34%) due to non-specific agglutination. Non-specific agglutination could be removed effectively by prior absorption of the clarified faecal specimens with unsensitized staphylococci. The staphylococcal co-agglutination test was less sensitive and specific than the in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but was comparable to the Rotalex slide latex agglutination test. The staphylococcal reagents have a shelf life of at least 29 weeks.

Rotavirus electropherotypes in Malaysian children

Yap KL, Wong YH, Khor CM, Ooi YE

Can J Microbiol, 1992 Sep;38(9):996-9.

PMID: 1334446

A 12-month study was carried out on the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in urban and suburban Malaysian children. Analysis of faecal samples from 973 hospitalized diarrhoeic children by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected 268 rotaviruses (28%). All isolates were group A rotaviruses, which produced 22 electropherotypes: 16 (91.5%) with long RNA migration patterns and 6 (8.5%) with short patterns. One of the long-pattern electropherotypes was the predominant strain (71.1% of the total electropherotypes) isolated during this study. Although 3 other strains were detected sporadically over the study period, 16 others were present only during the first 7 months and 2 others were confined to the last 5 months. Long- and short-pattern electropherotypes were found to co-circulate extensively. There was a significant association of short-pattern electropherotypes with infection in older children. In addition, the prevalence of vomiting and mean duration of diarrhoea were significantly associated with different electropherotypes.

Fulltext The role of three interleukin 10 gene polymorphisms (- 1082 A > G, - 819 C > T, - 592 A > C) in the risk of chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

Wong HC, Ooi Y, Pulikkotil SJ, Naing C

BMC Oral Health, 2018 10 22;18(1):171.

PMID: 30348144 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0637-9

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is a major oral health problem and it is considered as one of the reasons for tooth loss in developing and developed nations. The objective of the current review was to investigate the association between IL10 polymorphisms - 1082 A > G (rs1800896), -819C > T (rs1800871), - 592 A > C (rs1800872) and the risk of either chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis.

METHODS: This is a meta- analysis study, following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta- analyses (PRISMA). Relevant studies were searched in the health related electronic databases. Methodological quality of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For individual studies, odds ratio (OR) and its 95%confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the strength of association between IL10 polymorphisms (- 1082 A > G, -819C > T, - 592 A > C) and the risk of periodontitis. For pooling of the estimates across studies included, the summary OR and its 95% CIs were calculated with random-effects model. The pooled estimates were done under four genetic models such as the allelic contrast model, the recessive model, the dominant model and the additive model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was done for estimation of the required information size for this meta-analysis study.

RESULTS: Sixteen studies were identified for this review. The included studies were assessed to be of moderate to good methodological quality. A significant association between polymorphism of IL10-1082 A > G polymorphism and the risk of chronic periodontitis in the non-Asian populations was observed only in the recessive model (OR,1.42; 95% CI:1.11, 1.8,I2: 43%). The significant associations between - 592 A > C polymorphism and the risk of aggressive periodontitis in the non-Asian populations were observed in particular genetic models such as allele contrast (OR, 4.34; 95%CI:1.87,10.07,I2: 65%) and recessive models (OR, 2.1; 95% CI:1.16, 3.82,I2: 0%). The TSA plot revealed that the required information size for evidence of effect was sufficient to draw a conclusion.

CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggested that the IL10-1082 A > G polymorphism was associated with chronic periodontitis CP risk in non-Asians. Thus, in order to further establish the associations between IL10 (- 819 C > T, - 592 A > C) in Asian populations, future studies should include larger sample sizes with multi-ethnic groups.

Fulltext Methadone Maintenance Treatment for Opioid Dependents: a Retrospective Study

Khalid K, Ooi YT, Abdul Rashid Q, Mohammad Yusoff MZA, Jamaluddin R

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2022 Sep;32(3):47-50.

PMID: 36172721 DOI: 10.12809/eaap2214

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of continued illicit drug use among people enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), the association between hepatitis C status and methadone dosage, and the predictors for illicit drug abstinence during MMT.

METHODS: Clinical records of active opioid dependents who underwent MMT between 1 January 2007 and 31 March 2021 in Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Perlis, Malaysia were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included baseline demographics, history of illicit drug use, temporal trend in methadone dosage modulation, and co-use of illicit drugs during the MMT.

RESULTS: A total of 87 patients (mean age, 43.9 ± 8.33 years) were included. Their mean duration of involvement in MMT was 7.8 ± 3.69 years. The most commonly used drug was heroin (88.5%), followed by kratom (51.7%). Between 2019 and 2021, 61 (70.1%) patients had ceased abusing opioid, but 51 (58.6%) patients continued using any of the illicit drugs. Methamphetamine and amphetamine co-use was most common (n = 12, 37.5%). Hepatitis C status was not associated with the current methadone dose (U = 539.5, p = 0.186) or the highest dose required (t = -0.291, df = 74, p = 0.772). No predictor for illicit drug abstinence during MMT was identified. Methadone dose positively correlated with frequency of defaulting treatments (r = 0.22, p = 0.042).

CONCLUSION: Among our patients, MMT for opioid dependents cannot sufficiently curb illicit drug use, and there is a shift toward stimulants abuse.

Fulltext A one year community-based study on the incidence of diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in urban and suburban Malaysian children

Yap KL, Yasmin AM, Wong YH, Ooi YE, Tan SC, Jegathesan M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):303-8.

PMID: 1303484

A 1 year longitudinal study of 156 Malaysian children from urban and suburban areas in the Klang Valley revealed that the incidence rate of diarrhoea was 23.6 per 100 person-year with abnormal faeces reported on 0.26% of the total days of observation. Diarrhoea cases were detected in children from all socioeconomic classes. Rotavirus was isolated from 12% of the diarrheic children and asymptomatic rotavirus infection occurred in 3.2% of the children. All rotaviruses isolated were group A rotaviruses with long electrophoretypic pattern.

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