MyMedR

Fulltext Future impact of molecular biology and biotechnology on bacterial and viral diseases

Pang T

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):101-6.

The advent of recombinant DNA technology has already made a significant impact on various aspects related to the basic understanding of pathogenic mechanisms in infectious diseases, as well as practical applications related to diagnostics and prevention. The present paper discusses recent technological innovations and increased analytical capabilities which promise to have an even more significant impact on the control of viral and bacterial diseases.

Fulltext Cytokines--an overview

Pang T

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Mar;47(1):1-2.

PMID: 1387441

Genetic dynamics of Salmonella typhi--diversity in clonality

Pang T

Trends Microbiol., 1998 Sep;6(9):339-42.

PMID: 9778724

Fulltext Cytokines in infection

Pang T

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Mar;48(1):9-11.

PMID: 8341179

Cytokines are central to the development of effective immunity against microbial pathogens and their beneficial effects in the control of a variety of infections of man and animals are well-documented. However, it appears that cytokines may also have detrimental effects in infections by actually enhancing microbial growth. These observations emphasise the fact that many successful pathogens possess mechanisms enabling them to evade the immune response and that caution needs to be exercised in using cytokines as therapeutic agents to control infections in various human diseases.

Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever: towards a more balanced view

Pang T

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1987 Sep;18(3):321-5.

PMID: 3433163

Immunoepidemiology helps to unravel the mysteries of dengue haemorrhagic fever

Pang T

Immunol. Today, 1983 Dec;4(12):331-4.

PMID: 25290926 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(83)90163-9

It is now nearly 20 years since a strong correlation was noted in Thailand between secondary immune responses and severe dengue syndromes. It is currently thought that 'enhancing' antibodies, in an individual undergoing a second infection with a different serotype of dengue virus, promotes viral replication in monocytes which then become the targets of an immune elimination response (possibly T-cell mediated). The monocytes then release various chemical mediators which produce the symptoms of shock and haemorrhage seen in dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Much new knowledge has been gained in recent years especially from immunoepidemiological and immunological studies, and these were discussed at a recent meeting.

Studies into the immunopathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of dengue haemorrhagic fever

Pang T

Ann Acad Med Singap, 1987 Oct;16(4):612-6.

PMID: 2895602

Studies were carried out into the immunopathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infections. Using an experimental system it was shown that cell-mediated immunity (CMI), as measured by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was induced in mice infected with dengue virus. The nature of the DTH response satisfies most criteria for a classical DTH reaction. In addition, it was also shown that infection with dengue virus causes a transient immunosuppression as measured by the immune response to other, unrelated antigens. With regard to the laboratory diagnosis of dengue infections, it was found that mosquito cells were a sensitive system for the isolation of dengue viruses and that the success of isolation was related to the antibody content of the serum. A new method for the rapid isolation of dengue viruses was also developed involving the intracerebral inoculation of mosquito larvae. By the use of this method viral antigens can be detected as early as 2-3 days after specimen inoculation. The significance of these findings in relation to the immunopathogenesis, prevention and control of disease syndromes due to dengue viruses is discussed.

Hybridomas--medical diagnosis of the future

Pang T

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Dec;34(2):91-4.

PMID: 398437

Vaccination in the Third World. Contemporary issues

Pang T

C. R. Acad. Sci. III, Sci. Vie, 1999 Nov;322(11):995-7.

PMID: 10646096

Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever: current perspectives

Pang T

Adv Exp Med Biol, 1989;257:155-68.

PMID: 2694815 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5712-4_15

Multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi are genetically homogenous and coexist with antibiotic-sensitive strains as distinct, independent clones

Thong KL, Bhutta ZA, Pang T

Int J Infect Dis, 2000;4(4):194-7.

PMID: 11231181

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to report the molecular analysis of antibiotic-sensitive and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Salmonella typhi, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), with a particular emphasis on the coexistence of these strains in a typhoid-endemic region of Karachi, Pakistan.

METHODS: One hundred isolates of S. typhi in humans (50 MDR and 50 antibiotic-sensitive isolates) from sporadic cases of typhoid fever were analyzed by Vi-phage typing, antibiograms and PFGE.

RESULTS: The MDR S. typhi strains were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Analysis by PFGE showed that 50 MDR isolates of S. typhi had a single, homogenous PFGE profile, which was distinctly different from that of 50 antibiotic-sensitive isolates obtained in the same time frame from the same area. This latter group of isolates showed much greater diversity of PFGE profiles, as has been observed in other endemic regions.

CONCLUSIONS: Multidrug-resistant and antibiotic-susceptible strains of S. typhi can coexist in endemic areas as epidemiologically independent pathogens and are not in competition for continued persistence and transmission.

Report from an international symposium on typhoid fever

Pang T, Calva E, Punjabi N, Rowley D

Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1992 Jun;10(1):73-7.

PMID: 1358084

Heat-killed Salmonella typhi induces the release of prostaglandins and leukotrienes from mouse macrophages

Pang T, Devi S, Puthucheary S, Pawlowski N

Microbiol. Immunol., 1991;35(3):267-71.

PMID: 1870442

Mouse macrophages pre-labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid (20:4) were shown to release metabolites generated by the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways following in vitro addition of heat-killed Salmonella typhi. These metabolites were maximally released after 60-90 min of incubation and consisted of prostaglandins (85%), leukotriene C (6%), di-HETEs, leukotrienes D and E (4%), mono-HETEs (2%) and other metabolites (3%). Of the metabolites generated by the cyclo-oxygenase pathway (prostaglandins), 6-keto PGF1 alpha and PGE2 were generated at a ratio of 1.2 to 1. The significance and importance of these results are discussed.

False-positive widal test in nontyphoid Salmonella infections

Pang T, Pothocheary SD

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1989 Mar;20(1):163-4.

PMID: 2672364

The immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever

Pang T, Lam KS

Immunol. Today, 1983 Feb;4(2):46-9.

PMID: 25291069 DOI: 10.1016/0167-5699(83)90110-X

Over the past 20 years, dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) has been the subject of intensive epidemiological, clinical, virological and immunological investigations. Considerable debate and controversy have surrounded its causation and the probable role of immunological mechanisms in its pathogenesis. The exact cause of DHF is still uncertain and this article reviews current thinking about the problem.

Significance and value of the Widal test in the diagnosis of typhoid fever in an endemic area

Pang T, Puthucheary SD

J Clin Pathol, 1983 Apr;36(4):471-5.

PMID: 6833514

The diagnostic value of the Widal test was assessed in an endemic area. The test was done on 300 normal individuals, 297 non-typhoidal fevers and 275 bacteriologically proven cases of typhoid. Of 300 normal individuals, 2% had an H agglutinin titre of 1/160 and 5% had an O agglutinin titre of 1/160. On the basis of these criteria a significant H and/or O agglutinin titre of 1/320 or more was observed in 93-97% of typhoid cases and in only 3% of patients with non-typhoidal fever. Of the sera from typhoid cases which gave a significant Widal reaction, the majority (79.9%) showed increases in both H and O agglutinins and 51 of 234 (21.8%) of these sera were collected in the first week of illness. The significance and implications of these findings are discussed.

Serum complement (C3 and C4) levels in the Malaysian adult population

Yap SF, Pang T

Asian J Infect Dis, 1979 Jun;3(2):85-7.

PMID: 120736

Serum C3 and C4 values were determined in 236 normal adults of three racial groups, using the single radial immunodiffusion techniques. The C3 levels varied from 47 to 119 mg/dl and C4 levels from 16 to 66 ml/dl (mean +/- 2SD). The values were found to be comparable to the normals reported in some Western series. No significant differences in the levels related to sex and race were found.

Fulltext Outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis: investigation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Thong KL, Puthucheary S, Pang T

Int J Infect Dis, 1998 Jan-Mar;2(3):159-63.

PMID: 9531664

OBJECTIVE: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to investigate an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis. The outbreak occurred among university undergraduates who consumed contaminated food.
METHOD: Molecular typing was done by analyzing DNA band patterns of isolates of S. enteritidis after digestion of chromosomal DNA with infrequently-cutting restriction endonucleases XbaI, AvrII, and SpeI and separation of DNA fragments using PFGE.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine outbreak isolates of S. enteritidis had identical or highly similar PFGE patterns, whereas different PFGE patterns were observed among three epidemiologically unrelated isolates obtained during the same period.
CONCLUSION: The data obtained confirm the value of PFGE in epidemiologic investigations of outbreaks caused by S. enteritidis.

Adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at University Hospital, Malaysia

Bosco JJ, Cherian R, Pang T

Haematol Blood Transfus, 1985;29:67-9.

PMID: 3861492

Detection of specific IgM in dengue infection

Lam SK, Devi S, Pang T

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1987 Dec;18(4):532-8.

PMID: 3329413

A modification of the IgM-capture ELISA which can provide an early diagnosis for dengue infection is presented. The test is technically simple compared to HI and appears to be more sensitive. It has the advantage over HIT for the detection of specific IgM in that it is more sensitive and the reading of the result is not subjective. There is the possibility of the test being able to replace HI and HIT in the future.

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