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  1. Ahmad Riduan Bahauddin, Nazamid Shaari, Zalilah Mohd Shariff, Roselina Karim
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: A growing evidence supported that variation of sweet taste perception, mediated by TAS1Rs gene variants could lead to excess sweetened food and beverages intake and also obesity. However, obesity development may also alter individuals' taste sensitivity and perception. Thus, it is best to further investigate whether or not the individuals' sweet taste sensitivity and acceptance are associated with variation in TAS1R2 gene and Body Mass Index (BMI) status. Methods: This comparison cross sectional study comprised of 88 obese and 92 non-obese subjects aged 20-45. All the subjects were genotyped for TAS1R2 gene variant at rs12033832 using polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Suprathreshold sensitivity for sweet taste was assessed using general Labeled Magnitude Scales. Intensity rating and hedonic test were carried out on 2 food samples (tea drink and rose flavoured agar) to examine subject's intensity rating and liking at different sugar contents. Results: Our re- sults showed that rs12033832 of TAS1R2 gene is associated with sweet taste perception among obese and non-obese subjects. No interaction effect between BMI status and TAS1R2 gene variant (rs12022832) was found on sweet taste measures. Overall, non-obese subjects with AA genotype on rs12033832 had the highest sweet taste sensitivity and dislike high sugar content products the most. The effect was reverse among the obese subjects with GG homozygous. Conclusion: These findings suggest that TAS1R2 gene variation plays an important role in sweet taste perception among individuals and may have nutritional implications and obesity.
  2. Kong FC, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Roselina Karim, Yaya Rukayadi, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:1483-1490.
    Rambutan fruit is an exotic fruit and is getting popular worldwide. However, there is usually a glut of rambutan fruit
    every year which leads to wastage, especially those from underutilized wild types. Transforming the fruit into various
    products could reduce the wastage. Before doing so, the characteristics of the fruit should be available. Hence, the main
    aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of various cultivars of rambutan. The results showed
    that rambutan fruit comprises between 38.6-70.8% peel, 19.1-45.9% pulp and 8.3-20.3% seed. On average, it has a pH,
    titratable acidity and total soluble solids of 4.18-5.44, 0.10-0.52% as citric acid and 13.78-16.67 °Brix, respectively.
    The fruit contains high sugar contents, mainly contributed by sucrose (5.38-10.01%), fructose (1.75-3.18%) and glucose
    (1.72-2.43%). Citric acid was the major organic acid found in the fruit and wild type, WT1, contained the highest level.
    Some rambutan cultivars including Clone R3, WT1 and wild type, WT2, possess greater concentrations of ascorbic acid
    compared to other tropical fruits. With these findings, various types of food products could be derived from rambutan
    fruit based on their physicochemical properties.
  3. Kong Fei Chai, Noranizan Mohd Adzahan, Roselina Karim, Yaya Rukayadi, Hasanah Mohd Ghazali
    Sains Malaysiana, 2018;47:2311-2318.
    Sweatings, the exudates that leach out from fermenting fruits during rambutan fruit fermentation are considered as
    a waste by-product and are allowed to be drained off. This could lead to a pollution problem. Besides, it is a waste if
    the sweatings are possible to be transformed into food products and ingredients. However, prior transformation, the
    fundamental knowledge of the sweatings should be understood. Hence, the main aim of this study was to investigate
    the physicochemical properties of sweatings as affected by fermentation time and turning intervals during natural
    fermentation of rambutan fruits. In this study, peeled rambutan fruit was fermented for 8 days and turned. Different
    batches of the fruits were turned every 24, 48 or 72 h and sweatings from the process were collected and analyzed.
    The results showed that fermentation time significantly reduced (p<0.05) the yield, pH and sucrose content of the
    sweatings by 79-84%, 32-33%, 76.5-80.8%, respectively. Fermentation time also significantly increased (p<0.05) the
    titratable acidity, total soluble solids, fructose, glucose, total sugar, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and ascorbic
    acid contents of the sweatings by 5.6-6.0, 1.5-1.6, 2.4-2.6, 2.1-2.5, 1.0-1.1, 5.7-6.5, 2.4-2.6, 2.1-2.5 and 2.6-2.8 folds,
    respectively. However, turning intervals did not significantly affect (p>0.05) the physicochemical properties of the
    sweatings. High concentrations of sugars and organic acids allow the sweatings to have a balance of sweet and sour
    taste and they are suitable to be used in the production of syrup, soft drinks, jam, jelly, marmalade and vinegar.
  4. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Hairuszah I, Hazilawati H, Roselina K
    Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2015;2015:539798.
    PMID: 26257841 DOI: 10.1155/2015/539798
    Brewers' rice, which is known locally as temukut, is a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. Our present study was designed to identify the effect of brewers' rice on the attenuation of liver and kidney damage induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, and urea were evaluated to understand potential hepatoprotective effects and the ability of brewers' rice to attenuate kidney pathology induced by AOM treatment. Liver and kidney tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Overall analyses revealed that brewers' rice improved the levels of serum markers in a manner associated with better histopathological outcomes, which indicated that brewers' rice could enhance recovery from hepatocyte and kidney damage. Taken together, these results suggest that brewers' rice could be used in future applications to combat liver and kidney disease.
  5. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Pandurangan AK, Hazilawati H, Roselina K
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2016 Jan;29(1):205-12.
    PMID: 26826813
    Brewers' rice is one of abundant agricultural waste products in the rice industry. The present study is designed to investigate the potential of brewers' rice to inhibit the development of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in colon of azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. The effects on the attenuation of hepatic toxicity and kidney function enzymes were also evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: (G1) normal; (G2) AOM alone; and (G3), (G4), and (G5), which were AOM fed with 10%, 20%, and 40% (w/w) of brewers' rice, respectively. The rats in group 2-5 were injected intraperitoneally with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once weekly for two weeks. After 8 weeks of treatment,the total number of ACF/colon and the number of ACF in the distal and middle colon were significantly reduced in all treatment groups compared to G2 (p<0.05). Brewers' rice decreased the number of ACF with dysplastic morphology in a dose-dependent manner. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in G5 was significantly lower compared to the G2 (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study found the potential value of brewers' rice in reducing the risk of cancer susceptibility in colon.
  6. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Huynh K, Heshu SR, Yeap SK, Hazilawati H, et al.
    PMID: 26122204 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0730-4
    Brewers' rice, is locally known as temukut, is a mixture of broken rice, rice bran, and rice germ. The current study is an extension of our previous work, which demonstrated that water extract of brewers' rice (WBR) induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells. We also identified that brewers' rice was effective in reducing the tumor incidence and multiplicity in azoxymethane (AOM)-injected colon cancer rats. Our present study was designed to identify whether WBR confers an inhibitory effect via the regulation of upstream components in the Wnt signaling pathway in HT-29 cells. To further determine whether the in vitro mechanisms of action observed in the HT-29 cells inhibit the downstream signaling target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, we evaluated the mechanistic action of brewers' rice in regulating the expressions and key protein markers during colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  7. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Huynh K, Yeap SK, Hazilawati H, Roselina K
    World J Gastroenterol, 2015 Aug 7;21(29):8826-35.
    PMID: 26269672 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8826
    To investigate the mechanistic action of brewers' rice in regulating the Wnt/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/Nrf2-signaling pathways during colon carcinogenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats.
  8. Yusuf AL, Adeyemi KD, Roselina K, Alimon AR, Goh YM, Samsudin AA, et al.
    Food Res Int, 2018 09;111:699-707.
    PMID: 30007735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.015
    The effects of dietary supplementation of different parts of Andrographis paniculata on fatty acids, lipid oxidation, microbiota and quality attributes of Longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) muscle in goats were assessed. Twenty four, entire Boer bucks (4 months old; 20.18 ± 0.19 kg BW) were randomly allotted to either a basal diet without additive (AP0), a basal diet + 1.5% Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL) or a basal diet + 1.5% Andrographis paniculata whole plant (APW). The bucks were fed the diets for 100 d and slaughtered. The LTL muscle was subjected to a 7 d chill storage. The AP0 meat had higher (p  .05) on muscle glycogen, pH, drip loss, chemical composition and lactic acid bacteria count. Cooking loss, shear force, and TBARS values were lower (p 
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