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Nasalance scores of malay (Kelantan dialect) in children with and without palatal cleft

Norsila Abdul Wahab, Jamilah Jamaluddin, Vandort, Sandra, Samsudin, Ab Rani

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2013;8(1):27-33.
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This study was designed to obtain and compare the nasalance scores produced by normal Malay
children and those with repaired palatal cleft. Data from 103 noncleft children and 27 children with repaired clefts were included. All children were of Malay origin with the Malay language (Kelantan dialect) as their first language.Two short and simple test stimuli were constructed in the Malay language;one resembled the Nasal Sentences and the other resembled the Zoo Passage (oral passage) used in nasometer testing. Nasalance scores were obtained with the Nasometer II model 6400 by Kay Elemetrics. Calibration of the nasometer and collection of data followed the recommended protocol outlined in the manual. Nasalance scores for the Oral Passage was significantly higher (p< 0.001) for the children with repaired palatal clefts when compared to scores for children without clefts. However, no differences in nasalance scores were detected between both groups for the Nasal Passage. The normative nasalance scores for Malay children with Kelantan dialect was established, which can be used as an objective reference in the management of Malay patients with resonance disorders.
In vitro genotoxicity tests for polyhydroxybutyrate--a synthetic biomaterial

Ali AQ, Kannan TP, Ahmad A, Samsudin AR

Toxicol In Vitro, 2008 Feb;22(1):57-67.
PMID: 17892925

The aims of this study are to determine the mutagenicity of a locally produced polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) using Salmonella mutagenicity test and to find out if PHB altered the expression of p53 and c-myc proto-oncogenes and bcl-xl and bcl-xs anti-apoptotic genes in the human fibroblast cell line, MRC-5. Different concentrations of PHB were incubated with special genotypic variants of Salmonella strains (TA1535, TA1537, TA1538, TA98 and TA100) carrying mutations in several genes both with and without metabolic activation (S9) and the test was assessed based on the number of revertant colonies. The average number of revertant colonies per plate treated with PHB was less than double as compared to that of negative control. For the gene expression analyses, fibroblast cell lines were treated with PHB at different concentrations and incubated for 1, 12, 24 and 48 h separately. The total RNA was isolated and analysed for the expression of p53, c-myc, bcl-xl and bcl-xs genes. The PHB did not show over or under expression of the genes studied. The above tests indicate that the locally produced PHB is non-genotoxic and does not alter the expression of the proto-oncogenes and anti-apoptotic genes considered in this study.
Fixed presurgical orthopaedics for bilateral cleft lip and palate

Abu-Rub N, Samsudin AR, Abdullah AB, Abdullah N

Aust Orthod J, 2005 May;21(1):39-43.
PMID: 16433080

Presurgical orthopaedics has been employed since the 1950s as an adjunctive neonatal therapy for the correction of cleft lip and palate. It is accepted that presurgical orthopaedic plates facilitate lip repair and balanced orofacial growth.
Prevalence of Sleep-disordered Breathing and its Association with Obesity among Saudi Schoolchildren

Zreaqat M, Hassan R, Samsudin AR, Stas Y

J Contemp Dent Pract, 2020 Sep 01;21(9):1022-1026.
PMID: 33568590

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies of sleep disturbances are essential to promote awareness among families and educational officials and deliver appropriate treatment at a very early timing. The aim of this population-based study was to determine the frequency of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms and its association with obesity among schoolchildren in West Saudi Arabia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised 2,000 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years. Sleep-disordered breathing symptoms were assessed with Arabic version of Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Overweight/obesity was evaluated using body mass index (BMI) and their association with SDB was tested using a regression analysis model.
RESULTS: Overall, 23% of children were at high risk of SDB. Prevalence of habitual snoring was 15.9% and sleep apnea 4%. Boys were at higher risk of SDB than girls (p = 0.026), while age had no effect (p = 0.254). High-risk SDB had a strong association with sleep symptoms compared to low-risk SDB (p < 0.05). Sleep-disordered breathing increased significantly in overweight and obese children (p = 0.017 and p < 0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Around 23% Saudi schoolchildren are at risk of SDB. Related symptoms were strongly associated with high risk of SDB. Overweight and obesity had a strong and progressive association with SDB.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results will help in identifying children at high risk of developing SDB and plan for early intervention to avoid the progression of SDB later in life.
Association of Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and its components among adult Arabs from the United Arab Emirates

Hasan HA, AbuOdeh RO, Muda WAMBW, Mohamed HJBJ, Samsudin AR

Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2017 Dec;11 Suppl 2:S531-S537.
PMID: 28392355 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.047

AIMS: The aim was to investigate relationships of Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms to the components of MetS among Arabs adult residing in the United Arab Emirates.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 198 Arabs adult (50 males and 148 females). Serum levels of glucose, vitamin D, HDL-C, and TG, and blood pressure were measured. FokI, BsmI & TaqI genotyping of VDR were investigated using PCR-RFLP technique.
RESULTS: Age of the participants was 21(9) years with a BMI of 26.8(7.8) kg/m2. About 15% had MetS with serum vitamin D levels of 25.5(18.2) nmol/L. VDR genotyping yielded: FokI: 57.1% FF and 38.9% Ff, BsmI: 29.8% bb and 51.5% Bb, while TaqI showed 39.4% TT and 43.4% Tt. The ff carriers had higher total cholesterol [174(12.4) mg/dl] than FF and Ff genotypes. Bb carriers showed higher BMI and LDL-C than BB and bb genotypes. In females, FokI VDR polymorphism showed significant association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and F allele carriers were at higher risk of developing high SBP [x2=4.4, df1, OR=0.29 (95%CI: 0.087-0.98), p=0.035].
CONCLUSION: VDR gene polymorphisms were not associated with MetS, yet it may affect the severity of some of components of MetS, namely the association of BsmI with obesity, FokI and BsmI with dyslipidemia and FokI with SBP.
Fulltext Facial profile and maxillary arch dimensions in unilateral cleft lip and palate children in the mixed dentition stage

Gopinath VK, Samsudin AR, Mohd Noor SNF, Mohamed Sharab HY

Eur J Dent, 2017 4 25;11(1):76-82.
PMID: 28435370 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_238_16

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the vertical and sagittal facial profile and maxillary arch width, depth, and length of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare them with healthy noncleft children in the mixed dentition stage (7-13 years).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is conducted at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. UCLP group comprised 48 patients with nonsyndromic UCLP who have had the lip and palate repaired, whereas the control group comprised 48 healthy noncleft cases. The lateral cephalometrics measurements were used to determine the vertical height, sagittal depth of the face, and cranial base length and angle. Maxillary arch dimensions were measured on the study cast including arch width, depth, and length.
RESULTS: Vertical facial height and sagittal depth measurements showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the mean growth pattern in UCLP group. The anterior cranial base length (S-N) was shorter in UCLP children (P < 0.001), while Ba-N length had no significant difference (P = 0.639). Nasion-Sella Tursica-Basion angle was significantly higher in the UCLP group (P = 0.016). Dental arch width with reference to canine-to-canine and first premolar-to- first premolar distance was significantly larger in control (P = 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Mean vertical and sagittal facial dimensions in the UCLP children who do not undergo orthodontic treatment are significantly lesser in all directions of growth than healthy noncleft children. The maxillary dental arch had a normal depth but constricted in width and arch length.
Clinical and Radiological Evaluation of Sinus Membrane Osteogenicity Subsequent to Internal Sinus Lifting and Implant Placement

Qabbani AA, Bayatti SWA, Hasan H, Samsudin AB, Kawas SA

J Craniofac Surg, 2020 1 3;31(3):e233-e236.
PMID: 31895847 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006106

To evaluate the ability of the maxillary sinus membrane to produce bone after internal sinus lifting and implant placement without adding exogenous bone graft, and to assess the quality of bone that has been produced 6 months postoperatively.In this retrospective study, 10 subjects who underwent maxillary sinus floor lifting and met the inclusion criteria were selected and then subdivided into: Group-A underwent internal sinus elevation and placement of implants without the use of bone graft and Group-B underwent classical internal sinus lifting and placement of bovine bone particles and then placement of the implant as a control group. Radiofrequency analysis (RFA) values for measuring the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) of all implants were measured by Osstell device. CBCT was performed involving linear measurements of the site of sinus lifting for both groups.High RFA values demonstrating excellent biomechanical stability were observed in Group-A compared to Group-B at 6 months postoperatively. Group-A showed a median of ISQ value;78 (8), 77(12), 79(3.5) and 77(4.50). Group-A was significantly higher in ISQ values than Group-B, which showed median and interquartile range (IQR) of ISQ value of [51(12.50), 54(14.50), 55(9), and 55(7.50)]. However, the amount of bone available in group B was significantly higher than group A; [3.5 mm (0.75) and 3.8 mm (0.69)].Internal sinus lifting without bone graft has the ability of bone formation by osteogenic potential of the sinus membrane. Nevertheless, the high quality of bone being produced is of high importance for the success of an implant without the need for an exogenous bone graft. The newly formed bone was significantly of a better quality in Group-A. Thus, it is recommended to perform internal sinus lifting, without adding bone graft material and allow the osteogenic potential of the maxillary sinus membrane to produce its own osteogenic cells.
The nasopharynx in infants with cleft lip and palate

Rajion ZA, Al-Khatib AR, Netherway DJ, Townsend GC, Anderson PJ, McLean NR, et al.

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2012 Feb;76(2):227-34.
PMID: 22136741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.11.008

The purpose of this study was to use three-dimensional computed tomography data and computer imaging technology to assess the skeletal components of the naso-pharyngeal area in patients with cleft lip and palate and to quantify anatomical variations.
Coordinate systems integration for development of malaysian craniofacial database

Rajion Z, Suwardhi D, Setan H, Chong A, Majid Z, Ahmad A, et al.

Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2007 2 7;2005:5112-5.
PMID: 17281397

This study presents a data registration method for craniofacial spatial data of different modalities. The data consists of three dimensional (3D) vector and raster data models. The data is stored in object relational database. The data capture devices are Laser scanner, CT (Computed Tomography) scan and CR (Close Range) Photogrammetry. The objective of the registration is to transform the data from various coordinate systems into a single 3-D Cartesian coordinate system. The standard error of the registration obtained from multimodal imaging devices using 3D affine transformation is in the ranged of 1-2 mm. This study is a step forward for storing the spatial craniofacial data in one reference system in database.
Transforming growth factor-alpha and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate or cleft palate only in Kelantan, Malaysia

Rahman RA, Ahmad A, Rahman ZA, Mokhtar KI, Lah NA, Zilfalil BA, et al.

Cleft Palate Craniofac J, 2008 Nov;45(6):583-6.
PMID: 18956930 DOI: 10.1597/07-020.1

To determine the frequency of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) Taq1 polymorphism in nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/-P) and cleft palate only (CP) in Kelantan, Malaysia.
Fulltext Managing Oxidative Stress Using Vitamin C to Improve Biocompatibility of Polycaprolactone for Bone Regeneration In Vitro

Abdulhameed EA, Rani KGA, AlGhalban FM, Abou Neel EA, Khalifa N, Khalil KA, et al.

ACS Omega, 2024 Jul 23;9(29):31776-31788.
PMID: 39072128 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02858

Increased oxidative stress in bone cells is known to negatively alter favorable bone regeneration. This study aimed to develop a porous polycaprolactone (PCL) membrane incorporated with 25 wt % Vitamin C (PCL-Vit C) and compared it to the PCL membrane to control oxidative stress and enhance biomineralization in vitro. Both membranes were characterized using SEM-EDS, FTIR spectroscopy, and surface hydrophilicity. Vitamin C release was quantified colorimetrically. Assessments of the viability and attachment of human fetal osteoblast (hFOB 1.19) cells were carried out using XTT assay, SEM, and confocal microscopy, respectively. ROS generation and wound healing percentage were measured using flow cytometry and ImageJ software, respectively. Mineralization study using Alizarin Red in the presence or absence of osteogenic media was carried out to measure the calcium content. Alkaline phosphatase assay and gene expression of osteogenic markers (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen Type I (Col1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OPN)) were analyzed by real-time PCR. SEM images revealed smooth, fine, bead-free fibers in both membranes. The FTIR spectrum of pure vitamin C was replaced with peaks at 3436.05 and 2322.83 cm-1 in the PCL-Vit C membrane. Vitamin C release was detected at 15 min and 1 h. The PCL-Vit C membrane was hydrophilic, generated lower ROS, and showed significantly higher viability than the PCL membrane. Although both PCL and PCL-Vit C membranes showed similar cellular and cytoskeletal morphology, more cell clusters were evident in the PCL-Vit C membrane. Lower ROS level in the PCL-Vit C membrane displayed improved cell functionality as evidenced by enhanced cellular differentiation with more intense alizarin staining and higher calcium content, supported by upregulation of osteogenic markers ALP, Col1, and OPN even in the absence of osteogenic supplements. The presence of Vitamin C in the PCL-Vit C membrane may have mitigated oxidative stress in hFOB 1.19 cells, resulting in enhanced biomineralization facilitating bone regeneration.