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Fulltext Turbulence model sensitivity and scour gap effect of unsteady flow around pipe: a CFD study

Ali A, Sharma RK, Ganesan P, Akib S

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:412136.
PMID: 25136666 DOI: 10.1155/2014/412136

A numerical investigation of incompressible and transient flow around circular pipe has been carried out at different five gap phases. Flow equations such as Navier-Stokes and continuity equations have been solved using finite volume method. Unsteady horizontal velocity and kinetic energy square root profiles are plotted using different turbulence models and their sensitivity is checked against published experimental results. Flow parameters such as horizontal velocity under pipe, pressure coefficient, wall shear stress, drag coefficient, and lift coefficient are studied and presented graphically to investigate the flow behavior around an immovable pipe and scoured bed.
Rationale design, synthesis, cytotoxicity evaluation, and molecular docking studies of 1,3,4-oxadiazole analogues

Ahsan MJ, Choupra A, Sharma RK, Jadav SS, Hassan MZ, Bakht MA, et al.

Anticancer Agents Med Chem, 2017 Apr 19.
PMID: 28425854 DOI: 10.2174/1871520617666170419124702

We report herein, the synthesis of two new series of oxadiazole analogues, and their cytotoxicity evaluation. The oxadiazole analogues (5a-h and 12a-h) were structurally related to the heterocyclic (1,3,4- oxadiazole) linked aryl core of IMC-038525 (tubulin polymerization inhibitor), NSC 776715, and NSC 776716, with further modification by incorporating methylene linker. The title compounds (5a-h and 12a-h) were synthesized in good yields, and were characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectral data. The cytotoxicity evaluation was carried out according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI US) Protocol against NCI-60 human cell lines derived from nine different panels. 2-(5-{[(4-Chlorophenyl)amino]methyl}-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl)phenol (5f) showed maximum cytotoxicity among the first series oxadiazoles (5a-h), while 2-[(2,4- dichlorophenoxy)methyl]-5-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (12c) showed maximum cytotoxicity among the second series oxadiazoles (12a-h), with the mean percen growth inhibitions (GIs) of 71.56 and 72.68 respectively at 10 μM drug concentrations. Both the compounds (5f and 12c) showed superior cytotoxicity than clinically prevalent anticancer drugs, Imatinib and Gefitinib in one dose assay. The compound 12c was further screened in five dose assay (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM), and the results was found to be promising, with GI50 values varies between 1.61 and >100 μM, with comparatively higher selectivity towards the renal cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the compounds, 5f and 12c inhibited the polymerization of tubulin with, an IC50 of 2.8 and 2.2 μM, respectively.
A contemporary biological pathway of islet amyloid polypeptide for the management of diabetic dementia

Sah SK, Samuel VP, Dahiya S, Singh Y, Gilhotra RM, Gupta G, et al.

Chem Biol Interact, 2019 Jun 01;306:117-122.
PMID: 31004596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.022

Major challenges of dealing elder patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are the individualization of consideration in persons with various comorbid types of conditions. In spite of the fact that microvascular and macrovascular problems associated with DM are well documented, there is only a few numbers of reports viewing different conditions, for example, cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive dysfunction is of specific significance due to its effect on self-care and quality of life. All in all, the etiology of cognitive dysfunction in the maturing populace is probably going to be the grouping of ischemic and degenerative pathology. It is likewise trusted that Hyperglycemia is engaged with the system of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. At present, it isn't certain in the case of enhancing glycemic control or utilizing therapeutic agents can enhance the risk of cognitive decay. Amylin was later characterized as an amyloidogenic peptide, confined from a beta cell tumor and called islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), and after that, amylin. Conversely, we investigate the beneficial role and hypothesizing the mechanism of amylin related expanding the level and activation of CGRP receptor to enhance the cognition declination amid diabetic dementia.
Fulltext Expert Consensus on the Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations

Kato Y, Dong VH, Chaddad F, Takizawa K, Izumo T, Fukuda H, et al.

Asian J Neurosurg, 2019 11 25;14(4):1074-1081.
PMID: 31903343 DOI: 10.4103/ajns.AJNS_234_19

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are complex, heterogeneous, and uncommon intracranial lesions. They can be treated by one or a combination of the following treatment modalities, namely embolization, radiosurgery, or microsurgical resection. In Spetzler-Martin Grade 4 and 5 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), conservative management may be the best option. A group of experts in the management of AVMs of different disciplines gathered in January 2019 in Hanoi to compile the "Expert Consensus on the Management of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations".
Fulltext A worldwide perspective on large carnivore attacks on humans

Bombieri G, Penteriani V, Almasieh K, Ambarlı H, Ashrafzadeh MR, Das CS, et al.

PLoS Biol, 2023 Jan;21(1):e3001946.
PMID: 36719873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001946

Large carnivores have long fascinated human societies and have profound influences on ecosystems. However, their conservation represents one of the greatest challenges of our time, particularly where attacks on humans occur. Where human recreational and/or livelihood activities overlap with large carnivore ranges, conflicts can become particularly serious. Two different scenarios are responsible for such overlap: In some regions of the world, increasing human populations lead to extended encroachment into large carnivore ranges, which are subject to increasing contraction, fragmentation, and degradation. In other regions, human and large carnivore populations are expanding, thus exacerbating conflicts, especially in those areas where these species were extirpated and are now returning. We thus face the problem of learning how to live with species that can pose serious threats to humans. We collected a total of 5,440 large carnivore (Felidae, Canidae, and Ursidae; 12 species) attacks worldwide between 1950 and 2019. The number of reported attacks increased over time, especially in lower-income countries. Most attacks (68%) resulted in human injuries, whereas 32% were fatal. Although attack scenarios varied greatly within and among species, as well as in different areas of the world, factors triggering large carnivore attacks on humans largely depend on the socioeconomic context, with people being at risk mainly during recreational activities in high-income countries and during livelihood activities in low-income countries. The specific combination of local socioeconomic and ecological factors is thus a risky mix triggering large carnivore attacks on humans, whose circumstances and frequencies cannot only be ascribed to the animal species. This also implies that effective measures to reduce large carnivore attacks must also consider the diverse local ecological and social contexts.
Fulltext Post-Vasectomy Semen Analysis: Optimizing Laboratory Procedures and Test Interpretation through a Clinical Audit and Global Survey of Practices

Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma RK, Finelli R, Kuroda S, Vij SC, et al.

World J Mens Health, 2022 Jul;40(3):425-441.
PMID: 35021311 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210191

PURPOSE: The success of vasectomy is determined by the outcome of a post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA). This article describes a step-by-step procedure to perform PVSA accurately, report data from patients who underwent post vasectomy semen analysis between 2015 and 2021 experience, along with results from an international online survey on clinical practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present a detailed step-by-step protocol for performing and interpretating PVSA testing, along with recommendations for proficiency testing, competency assessment for performing PVSA, and clinical and laboratory scenarios. Moreover, we conducted an analysis of 1,114 PVSA performed at the Cleveland Clinic's Andrology Laboratory and an online survey to understand clinician responses to the PVSA results in various countries.
RESULTS: Results from our clinical experience showed that 92.1% of patients passed PVSA, with 7.9% being further tested. A total of 78 experts from 19 countries participated in the survey, and the majority reported to use time from vasectomy rather than the number of ejaculations as criterion to request PVSA. A high percentage of responders reported permitting unprotected intercourse only if PVSA samples show azoospermia while, in the presence of few non-motile sperm, the majority of responders suggested using alternative contraception, followed by another PVSA. In the presence of motile sperm, the majority of participants asked for further PVSA testing. Repeat vasectomy was mainly recommended if motile sperm were observed after multiple PVSA's. A large percentage reported to recommend a second PVSA due to the possibility of legal actions.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlighted varying clinical practices around the globe, with controversy over the significance of non-motile sperm in the PVSA sample. Our data suggest that less stringent AUA guidelines would help improve test compliance. A large longitudinal multi-center study would clarify various doubts related to timing and interpretation of PVSA and would also help us to understand, and perhaps predict, recanalization and the potential for future failure of a vasectomy.