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Fulltext The biological seal of the implant-soft tissue interface evaluated in a tissue-engineered oral mucosal model

Chai WL, Brook IM, Palmquist A, van Noort R, Moharamzadeh K

J R Soc Interface, 2012 Dec 7;9(77):3528-38.
PMID: 22915635 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0507

For dental implants, it is vital that an initial soft tissue seal is achieved as this helps to stabilize and preserve the peri-implant tissues during the restorative stages following placement. The study of the implant-soft tissue interface is usually undertaken in animal models. We have developed an in vitro three-dimensional tissue-engineered oral mucosal model (3D OMM), which lends itself to the study of the implant-soft tissue interface as it has been shown that cells from the three-dimensional OMM attach onto titanium (Ti) surfaces forming a biological seal (BS). This study compares the quality of the BS achieved using the three-dimensional OMM for four types of Ti surfaces: polished, machined, sandblasted and anodized (TiUnite). The BS was evaluated quantitatively by permeability and cell attachment tests. Tritiated water (HTO) was used as the tracing agent for the permeability test. At the end of the permeability test, the Ti discs were removed from the three-dimensional OMM and an Alamar Blue assay was used for the measurement of residual cells attached to the Ti discs. The penetration of the HTO through the BS for the four types of Ti surfaces was not significantly different, and there was no significant difference in the viability of residual cells that attached to the Ti surfaces. The BS of the tissue-engineered oral mucosa around the four types of Ti surface topographies was not significantly different.
Ultrastructural analysis of implant-soft tissue interface on a three dimensional tissue-engineered oral mucosal model

Chai WL, Brook IM, Emanuelsson L, Palmquist A, van Noort R, Moharamzadeh K

J Biomed Mater Res A, 2012 Feb;100(2):269-77.
PMID: 22045611 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33245

A three dimensional tissue-engineered human oral mucosal model (3D OMM) used in the investigation of implant-soft tissue interface was recently reported. The aim of this study was to examine the ultrastructural features of soft tissue attachment to various titanium (Ti) implant surfaces based on the 3D OMM. Two techniques, that is, focus ion beam (FIB) and electropolishing techniques were used to prepare specimens for transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis of the interface. The 3D OM consisting of both epithelial and connective tissue layers was constructed by co-culturing human oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts onto an acellular dermis scaffold. Four types of Ti surface topographies were tested: polished, machined (turned), sandblasted, and TiUnite. The specimens were then processed for TEM examination using FIB (Ti remained) and electropolishing (Ti removed) techniques. The FIB sections showed some artifact and lack of details of ultrastructural features. In contrast, the ultrathin sections prepared from the electropolishing technique showed a residual Ti oxide layer, which preserved the details for intact ultrastructural interface analysis. There was evidence of hemidesmosome-like structures at the interface on the four types of Ti surfaces, which suggests that the tissue-engineered oral mucosa formed epithelial attachments on the Ti surfaces.
Susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm to antibiotics and calcium hydroxide

Chai WL, Hamimah H, Cheng SC, Sallam AA, Abdullah M

J Oral Sci, 2007 Jun;49(2):161-6.
PMID: 17634730

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of six groups of antibiotics and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in a membrane filter model. Two-day-old E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) biofilm was exposed to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythr omycin, oxytetracycline, vancomycin, vancomycin followed by gentamicin, Ca(OH)(2), and phosphate-buffered saline (control). After 1 h of exposure, the antimicrobial activity was neutralized by washing each disc five times in PBS, and then the colony-forming units of the remaining viable bacteria on each disc were counted. The results revealed that only erythromycin, oxytetracycline and Ca(OH)2 showed 100% biofilm kill. An ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test (P < 0.05) detected significant differences among the test agents, except in the ampicillin group versus the co-trimoxazole group. It is concluded that erythromycin, oxytetracycline and Ca(OH)2 are 100% effective in eliminating E. faecalis biofilm, whereas ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, vancomycin, and vancomycin followed by gentamicin are ineffective.
Estimation of stature by using lower limb dimensions in the Malaysian population

Nor FM, Abdullah N, Mustapa AM, Qi Wen L, Faisal NA, Ahmad Nazari DA

J Forensic Leg Med, 2013 Nov;20(8):947-52.
PMID: 24237796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2013.09.006

Estimation of stature is an important step in developing a biological profile for human identification. It may provide a valuable indicator for an unknown individual in a population. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between stature and lower limb dimensions in the Malaysian population. The sample comprised 100 corpses, which included 69 males and 31 females between the age range of 20-90 years old. The parameters measured were stature, thigh length, lower leg length, leg length, foot length, foot height and foot breadth. Results showed that the mean values in males were significantly higher than those in females (p
A Simple Bone Cyst Requiring Exenteration: A Case Report With Literature Review

Yi Wen L, Singh S, Mohamad NFB, Toh YF, Khalil AAK

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg, 2020 5 20;37(1):e23-e25.
PMID: 32427737 DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001713

Simple bone cyst is a benign osteolytic lesion, found primarily in the mandible, occasionally in the maxilla, and rarely in the zygoma. A 17-year-old male patient with 6-month history of left facial mass presented with worsening proptosis and displacement of left eyeball associated with reduced OS vision. The lesion was painless to start with, but with time, he reported OS pain. There was no history of any trauma. CT scan and MRI of orbit performed revealed cystic bony lesion involving greater wing of sphenoid. He subsequently had excision of the left facial mass with exenteration of OS due to poor visual prognosis, followed by reconstruction with osteomyocutaneous flap from left scapular region. The histopathologic features were consistent with a diagnosis of simple bone cyst of zygomatic arch.
Fulltext Usage of Nest Materials by House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Coimbatore, India

Radhamany D, Das KS, Azeez PA, Wen L, Sreekala LK

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016 Aug;27(2):127-34.
PMID: 27688856 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.10

The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a widely distributed bird species found throughout the world. Being a species which has close association with humans, they chiefly nest on man-made structures. Here we describe the materials used by the house sparrow for making nests along an urban to rural gradient. For the current study, we selected the Coimbatore to Anaikatty road (State Highway-164), a 27 km inter-state highway, which traverses along an urban core to rural outstretch of Coimbatore. Of the 30 nests observed, 15 nests were from the rural, 8 were from the suburban, and 7 were from the urban areas. The nests had two distinct layers, specifically the structural layer and the inner lining. In the current study, we identified 11 plant species, 2 types of animal matter, and 6 types of anthropogenic matter, including plastic pieces and fine rope. The amount of anthropogenic materials in the nest formation varied along the gradients. The usage of anthropogenic materials was high in urban areas (p<0.05) whereas it did not differ at the sub-urban regions (p>0.05). A gradual decrease in the usage of plant matter towards the urban area was noticed (p<0.05). This study explicitly documents the links between nest material usage along an urban to rural gradient, in a human associated bird.
Fulltext Characterization of Gold-Sputtered Zinc Oxide Nanorods-a Potential Hybrid Material

Perumal V, Hashim U, Gopinath SC, Rajintra Prasad H, Wei-Wen L, Balakrishnan SR, et al.

Nanoscale Res Lett, 2016 Dec;11(1):31.
PMID: 26787050 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1245-8

Generation of hybrid nanostructures has been attested as a promising approach to develop high-performance sensing substrates. Herein, hybrid zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod dopants with different gold (Au) thicknesses were grown on silicon wafer and studied for their impact on physical, optical and electrical characteristics. Structural patterns displayed that ZnO crystal lattice is in preferred c-axis orientation and proved the higher purities. Observations under field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed the coverage of ZnO nanorods by Au-spots having diameters in the average ranges of 5-10 nm, as determined under transmission electron microscopy. Impedance spectroscopic analysis of Au-sputtered ZnO nanorods was carried out in the frequency range of 1 to 100 MHz with applied AC amplitude of 1 V RMS. The obtained results showed significant changes in the electrical properties (conductance and dielectric constant) with nanostructures. A clear demonstration with 30-nm thickness of Au-sputtering was apparent to be ideal for downstream applications, due to the lowest variation in resistance value of grain boundary, which has dynamic and superior characteristics.
Fulltext Medication non-adherence and associated factors among older adult stroke survivors in China

Cao W, Kadir AA, Wang J, Hu L, Wen L, Yu M, et al.

Front Pharmacol, 2022;13:1054603.
PMID: 36506570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1054603

Aim: Medication non-adherence has remained a common and costly global health issue of growing importance among older adults. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors related to medication non-adherence among older adult stroke survivors in China. Methods and results: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 402 older adult stroke survivors were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in China. The results of the survey showed that 61.4% exhibited medication non-adherence. The chances of medication non-adherence among older adult stroke survivors who had primary school or less educational levels were higher than those who had senior secondary and junior college educational levels [OR (95% CI) = 0.440(0.249, 0.778)] as well as those who had a bachelor's degree or above educational levels [OR (95%CI) = 0.367(0.202, 0.667)]. Moreover, the probability of medication non-adherence with 4-5 and ≥6 types of total prescription medications per day increased by 1.993 times [OR (95% CI) = 1.993(1.190, 3.339))] and 2.233 times [OR (95%CI) = 2.233(1.159, 4.300)], respectively, as compared to when there were ≤3 types. Furthermore, medication non-adherence decreased with the increase in health literacy scores (β = -0.641 (95% CI; (0.913, 0.965)) and BMQ specific-necessity scores (β = -0.131 (95% CI; 0.806, 0.995)). On the other hand, when the BMQ specific-concerns score increased by one unit, medication non-adherence increased by 11.1% [OR (95% CI) = 1.111(1.044, 1.182)]. Conclusion: The present study found that patient medication adherence among older adult stroke survivors in China is problematic and associated with educational levels, total prescribed drugs per day, beliefs about medication, and health literacy scores. This indicates that measures should be taken to enhance medication adherence among such higher-risk populations.
Fulltext Bioinspired soft robots for deep-sea exploration

Li G, Wong TW, Shih B, Guo C, Wang L, Liu J, et al.

Nat Commun, 2023 Nov 04;14(1):7097.
PMID: 37925504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42882-3

The deep ocean, Earth's untouched expanse, presents immense challenges for exploration due to its extreme pressure, temperature, and darkness. Unlike traditional marine robots that require specialized metallic vessels for protection, deep-sea species thrive without such cumbersome pressure-resistant designs. Their pressure-adaptive forms, unique propulsion methods, and advanced senses have inspired innovation in designing lightweight, compact soft machines. This perspective addresses challenges, recent strides, and design strategies for bioinspired deep-sea soft robots. Drawing from abyssal life, it explores the actuation, sensing, power, and pressure resilience of multifunctional deep-sea soft robots, offering game-changing solutions for profound exploration and operation in harsh conditions.
Prospective, open-label, and observational study of cetuximab for metastatic colorectal carcinoma: The OPTIM1SE study

Yang TS, Chen HH, Bo-Wen L, Kim TW, Kim JG, Ahn JB, et al.

Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2023 Dec;19(6):672-680.
PMID: 36855017 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13920

AIM: The OPTIM1SE study observed long-term real-world outcomes of cetuximab-based infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) regimens for first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) across Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions, aiming to characterize their use, effectiveness, and safety in routine practice.
METHODS: OPTIM1SE was a prospective, open-label, observational study. Patients with untreated KRAS wild-type mCRC and distant metastases were treated per locally approved labels and monitored for 3 years via electronic medical records. The primary endpoint was the overall response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included safety, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS).
RESULTS: From November 19, 2013, to June 30, 2016, 520 patients were enrolled in 51 sites. Patients were mostly male (61.2%), with a mean age of 58.5 (±12.0) years; 420 patients received leucovorin, 5-FU, and irinotecan-based regimens and 94 received leucovorin, 5-FU, and oxaliplatin. The most common primary tumor site was the rectum (38.8%), with liver metastases (65.0%). ORR was 45.4% (95% CI, 41.1%-49.7%), including 26 patients (5.0%) with a complete response. Median PFS was 9.9 months (95% CI, 8.2-11.0); median OS (mOS) was 30.8 months (95% CI, 27.9-33.6). Higher mOS was associated with tumors of left compared with right-sided origin (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.49-0.99]); higher ORR was also associated with liver metastases compared with all other metastases (55.4% vs. 40.2%). Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of cetuximab.
CONCLUSION: Cetuximab-based 5-FU regimens were effective first-line treatments for mCRC in routine practice, particularly in patients with left-sided disease and liver metastases only.
Fulltext Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

Klionsky DJ, Abdelmohsen K, Abe A, Abedin MJ, Abeliovich H, Acevedo Arozena A, et al.

Autophagy, 2016;12(1):1-222.
PMID: 26799652 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356