Displaying all 18 publications

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  1. Hashim NA, Ariaratnam S, Salleh MR, Said MA, Sulaiman AH
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2016 Jun;26(2):77-82.
    PMID: 27377489
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder and its association with socio-demographic and clinical factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who attended the hospital-based primary care clinics at the University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The patients were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview to diagnose depression based on the DSM-IV criteria. The socio-demographic and clinical data were obtained by interviewing the patients and subsequently verified against their respective case notes.

    RESULTS: A total of 204 patients were recruited. The prevalence of major depressive disorder was 15.7%. Major depressive disorder was significantly associated with younger age of patients (mean ± standard deviation, 57.8 ± 15.1 years, p = 0.04), younger age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (46.2 ± 13.0 years, p = 0.01), having secondary education (p = 0.02), and having a history of depression (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that current age (p = 0.04), duration of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.04), age at diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01), and secondary education (p = 0.01) were significant factors.

    CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of major depressive disorder was high among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Screening of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for depression should be performed periodically or routinely, especially in the primary care setting.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  2. Eggart M, Todd J, Valdés-Stauber J
    PLoS One, 2021;16(6):e0253913.
    PMID: 34170963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253913
    OBJECTIVES: Interoception refers to the sensation, interpretation, and integration of internal somatic signals. Abnormalities in self-reported interoception are prevalent features of major depressive disorder (MDD) and may affect treatment outcomes. In the present study, we investigated the psychometric properties of the revised eight-dimensional and 37-item Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness questionnaire (the MAIA-2) in a severely depressed sample, after translating two updated scales (Not-Distracting, Not-Worrying) into German. Specifically, we examined the measure's internal consistency reliability, sensitivity to change, and minimal important differences (MID) with a focus on patient's antidepressive responses to treatment.

    METHODS: The study enrolled 110 participants (age: M = 46.85, SD = 11.23; female: 55.45%) undergoing hospital treatment, of whom 87 were included in the pre-post analysis. Participants completed a German translation of MAIA-2 and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (pre-/post-treatment). Internal consistency reliability was determined by Cronbach's α/McDonalds's ω, sensitivity to change was determined by effect sizes, and MIDs were determined by distribution- (0.5*SD) and anchor-based approaches (mean change method; ROC curve cut-points).

    RESULTS: Depression severity reduced over the course of treatment (Median = -65.22%), and 34.48% of patients achieved remission. Reliability was appropriate for post-treatment (range of ω: .70-.90), but questionable for two pre-treatment scales (Noticing: ω = .64; Not-Distracting: ω = .66). The eight dimensions of MAIA-2 were sensitive to change (standardized response mean: .32-.81; Cohen's effect size: .30-.92). Distribution-based MIDs (.38-.61) and anchor-based mean change MIDs (remission vs. partial response: .00-.85; partial response vs. nonresponse: .08-.88) were established on the group level. For six scales, ROC cut-points (remission: .00-1.33; response: -.20-1.00) demonstrated accurate classification to treatment response groups on the individual level.

    CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the applicability of the MAIA-2 questionnaire in MDD. The updated version may have led to reliability improvements regarding the revised scales, but subthreshold reliability was evident prior to treatment. The measure's dimensions were sensitive to change. MIDs were established that corresponded with antidepressive treatment outcomes. Our findings are consistent with a growing area of research which considers somatic feelings as key contributors to mental health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  3. Nik Jaafar NR, Selamat Din SH, Mohamed Saini S, Ahmad SN, Midin M, Sidi H, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S52-9.
    PMID: 23706655 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.03.003
    The period of the cancer patients undergoing treatment is also the most stressful time for their family caregivers. This study aimed to determine the rates of major depressive disorder and dysthymia; and their associated factors in the caregivers during this time.

    Study site: Oncology centre, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
  4. Chong SA, Vaingankar J, Abdin E, Subramaniam M
    J Affect Disord, 2012 Apr;138(1-2):128-36.
    PMID: 22209269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.11.038
    Reports of rates of depression among different Asian ethnic groups within the same country using standardized assessments are rare in the extant literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  5. Priscilla D, Hamidin A, Azhar MZ, Noorjan KO, Salmiah MS, Bahariah K
    East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2011 Sep;21(3):108-14.
    PMID: 21921304
    Objectives: To determine the relationship between major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and the quality of life of haematological cancer patients.
    Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Ampang Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, a tertiary referral centre hospital for haematological cancer. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire was utilised to measure patients’ quality of life.
    Results: A total of 105 haematological cancer patients were included in the study with response rate of 100%. Major depressive disorder correlated with almost all domains of the quality of life, except the pain scores. Logistic regression showed that insomnia and financial difficulties were related to major depressive disorder. Different anxiety disorders also correlated with quality of life in specific domains. The leading anxiety disorders that correlated mostly with quality of life scales were generalised anxiety disorder, followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia (p < 0.05).
    Conclusions: Psychological treatment along with medication and intervention should be implemented to
    improve the overall quality of life and psychiatric disorder symptoms among the haematological cancer
    patients.
    Key words: Anxiety; Depression; Hematologic neoplasms; Quality of life
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  6. Zainal NZ, Kalita P, Herr KJ
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2019 Mar;11(1):e12346.
    PMID: 30511420 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12346
    INTRODUCTION: Cognitive dysfunction has been significantly associated with functional impairment in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

    METHODS: This is a subgroup analysis of 211 Malaysian patients recruited from the multicountry, multicenter, cross-sectional Cognitive Dysfunction in Asian patients with Depression (CogDAD) study. Depression severity, cognitive dysfunction, and functional disability were assessed and compared with the overall CogDAD study population. Factors associated with functional disability were also evaluated in this Malaysian patient population.

    RESULTS: Approximately half of the Malaysian patients were in their first depressive episode, with the majority being treated for mild-to-moderate depression. Furthermore, Malaysian patients experienced cognitive dysfunction, with self-reported Perceived Deficits Questionnaire (PDQ-D) scores falling within the third quartile of PDQ-D severity. Malaysian patients also reported functional disability evidenced by a mean total Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) score of 11.47 ± 6.68, with the highest SDS score reported in the "Social Life/Leisure Activities" domain. Compared with the overall CogDAD study population, the Malaysian patient population had comparable patient demographics in terms of marital and working status; outcome scores for PHQ-9 (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for self-reported depression severity), PDQ-D and SDS; and worst perceived cognitive dysfunction reported in the "Attention/Concentration" domain. Factors found to be significantly associated with functional disability were PDQ-D score, sick leave taken, and antidepressant treatment (P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
  7. Huey NS, Guan NC, Gill JS, Hui KO, Sulaiman AH, Kunagasundram S
    PMID: 30115817 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081758
    A valid method to diagnose depression in palliative care has not been established. In this study, we aim to determine the prevalence of depression and the discriminant validity of the items of four sets of diagnostic criteria in palliative care. This is a cross-sectional study on 240 palliative care patients where the presence of depression was based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM⁻IV Criteria, Modified DSM⁻IV Criteria, Cavanaugh Criteria, and Endicott's Criteria's. Anxiety, depression, and distress were measured with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Distress Thermometer. The prevalence of depression among the palliative care patients was highest based on the Modified DSM⁻IV Criteria (23.3%), followed by the Endicott's Criteria (13.8%), DSM⁻IV Criteria (9.2%), and Cavanaugh Criteria (5%). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the depressive symptoms showed by DSM⁻IV item 1 (dysphoric mood), item 2 (loss of interest or pleasure), and Endicott's criteria item 8 (brooding, self-pity, or pessimism) among the palliative patients, even after adjustment for the anxiety symptoms and distress level. We found that dysphoric mood, loss of interest, and pessimism are the main features of depression in palliative patients. These symptoms should be given more attention in identifying depression in palliative care patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  8. Peyrot WJ, Van der Auwera S, Milaneschi Y, Dolan CV, Madden PAF, Sullivan PF, et al.
    Biol Psychiatry, 2018 Jul 15;84(2):138-147.
    PMID: 29129318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.009
    BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of genetic effects on major depressive disorder (MDD) may be partly attributable to moderation of genetic effects by environment, such as exposure to childhood trauma (CT). Indeed, previous findings in two independent cohorts showed evidence for interaction between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and CT, albeit in opposing directions. This study aims to meta-analyze MDD-PRS × CT interaction results across these two and other cohorts, while applying more accurate PRSs based on a larger discovery sample.

    METHODS: Data were combined from 3024 MDD cases and 2741 control subjects from nine cohorts contributing to the MDD Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. MDD-PRS were based on a discovery sample of ∼110,000 independent individuals. CT was assessed as exposure to sexual or physical abuse during childhood. In a subset of 1957 cases and 2002 control subjects, a more detailed five-domain measure additionally included emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect.

    RESULTS: MDD was associated with the MDD-PRS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.24, p = 3.6 × 10-5, R2 = 1.18%) and with CT (OR = 2.63, p = 3.5 × 10-18 and OR = 2.62, p = 1.4 ×10-5 for the two- and five-domain measures, respectively). No interaction was found between MDD-PRS and the two-domain and five-domain CT measure (OR = 1.00, p = .89 and OR = 1.05, p = .66).

    CONCLUSIONS: No meta-analytic evidence for interaction between MDD-PRS and CT was found. This suggests that the previously reported interaction effects, although both statistically significant, can best be interpreted as chance findings. Further research is required, but this study suggests that the genetic heterogeneity of MDD is not attributable to genome-wide moderation of genetic effects by CT.

    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
  9. Coleman JRI, Peyrot WJ, Purves KL, Davis KAS, Rayner C, Choi SW, et al.
    Mol Psychiatry, 2020 Jul;25(7):1430-1446.
    PMID: 31969693 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0546-6
    Depression is more frequent among individuals exposed to traumatic events. Both trauma exposure and depression are heritable. However, the relationship between these traits, including the role of genetic risk factors, is complex and poorly understood. When modelling trauma exposure as an environmental influence on depression, both gene-environment correlations and gene-environment interactions have been observed. The UK Biobank concurrently assessed Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and self-reported lifetime exposure to traumatic events in 126,522 genotyped individuals of European ancestry. We contrasted genetic influences on MDD stratified by reported trauma exposure (final sample size range: 24,094-92,957). The SNP-based heritability of MDD with reported trauma exposure (24%) was greater than MDD without reported trauma exposure (12%). Simulations showed that this is not confounded by the strong, positive genetic correlation observed between MDD and reported trauma exposure. We also observed that the genetic correlation between MDD and waist circumference was only significant in individuals reporting trauma exposure (rg = 0.24, p = 1.8 × 10-7 versus rg = -0.05, p = 0.39 in individuals not reporting trauma exposure, difference p = 2.3 × 10-4). Our results suggest that the genetic contribution to MDD is greater when reported trauma is present, and that a complex relationship exists between reported trauma exposure, body composition, and MDD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  10. Chan CM, Wan Ahmad WA, Yusof MM, Ho GF, Krupat E
    Psychooncology, 2015 Jun;24(6):718-25.
    PMID: 25345781 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3714
    Distress and psychiatric morbidity in cancer patients are associated with poorer outcomes including mortality. In this study, we examined the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and its association with cancer survival over time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  11. Midi M, Kanagasundram S, Sidi H, Asmidar D, Naing L, Guan NC
    Int J Psychiatry Med, 2012;43(4):405-18.
    PMID: 23094470
    To compare the risk of sexual arousal difficulties between two groups of depressed female patients in remission who were treated with either escitalopram or fluoxetine. Associated factors were also examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
  12. Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium
    Lancet, 2013 Apr 20;381(9875):1371-9.
    PMID: 23453885 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62129-1
    BACKGROUND: Findings from family and twin studies suggest that genetic contributions to psychiatric disorders do not in all cases map to present diagnostic categories. We aimed to identify specific variants underlying genetic effects shared between the five disorders in the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium: autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

    METHODS: We analysed genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for the five disorders in 33,332 cases and 27,888 controls of European ancestory. To characterise allelic effects on each disorder, we applied a multinomial logistic regression procedure with model selection to identify the best-fitting model of relations between genotype and phenotype. We examined cross-disorder effects of genome-wide significant loci previously identified for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and used polygenic risk-score analysis to examine such effects from a broader set of common variants. We undertook pathway analyses to establish the biological associations underlying genetic overlap for the five disorders. We used enrichment analysis of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data to assess whether SNPs with cross-disorder association were enriched for regulatory SNPs in post-mortem brain-tissue samples.

    FINDINGS: SNPs at four loci surpassed the cutoff for genome-wide significance (p<5×10(-8)) in the primary analysis: regions on chromosomes 3p21 and 10q24, and SNPs within two L-type voltage-gated calcium channel subunits, CACNA1C and CACNB2. Model selection analysis supported effects of these loci for several disorders. Loci previously associated with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia had variable diagnostic specificity. Polygenic risk scores showed cross-disorder associations, notably between adult-onset disorders. Pathway analysis supported a role for calcium channel signalling genes for all five disorders. Finally, SNPs with evidence of cross-disorder association were enriched for brain eQTL markers.

    INTERPRETATION: Our findings show that specific SNPs are associated with a range of psychiatric disorders of childhood onset or adult onset. In particular, variation in calcium-channel activity genes seems to have pleiotropic effects on psychopathology. These results provide evidence relevant to the goal of moving beyond descriptive syndromes in psychiatry, and towards a nosology informed by disease cause.

    FUNDING: National Institute of Mental Health.

    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
  13. Novick D, Montgomery WS, Aguado J, Peng X, Brugnoli R, Haro JM
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Dec;7(4):427-35.
    PMID: 26047023 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12189
    This was an analysis of the impact of somatic symptoms on the severity and course of depression in Chinese patients treated for an acute episode of major depressive disorder (MDD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  14. Leong Bin Abdullah MFI, Ng YP, Sidi HB
    Asian J Psychiatr, 2018 Oct;37:67-70.
    PMID: 30144779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.08.017
    BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are common psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is lack of data on comorbid depression and anxiety, and depression and anxiety in TBI patients were often evaluated using non-validated diagnostic tools. This study aims to determine the rates, their comorbidity, and factors associated with depressive and anxiety disorders in TBI patients.

    METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 101 TBI patients were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders to assess the rates of depressive and anxiety disorders after TBI. The association of socio-demographic and clinical factors with depressive and anxiety disorders were determined using Pearson's Chi-Square test.

    RESULTS: A total of 25% of TBI patients (n = 25/101) were diagnosed with depressive disorders, of which 15% had major depressive disorder (n = 15/101) and 10% had minor depression (n = 10/101). Fourteen percent of TBI patients had anxiety disorders (n = 14/101), of which post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the commonest anxiety disorder (9%, n = 9/101). Seven percent of TBI patients (n = 7/101) had comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. The only factor associated with depressive disorder was the duration of TBI (≥ 1 year) while the only factor associated with anxiety disorder was the mechanism of trauma (assault).

    CONCLUSION: Major depressive disorder, minor depression and PTSD are common psychiatric complications of TBI. Clinicians should screen for depressive and anxiety disorders in TBI patients, particularly those with ≥1 year of injury and had sustained TBI from assault.

    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  15. Plakiotis C, Chin LF, O'Connor DW
    J ECT, 2014 Mar;30(1):26-9.
    PMID: 24487645 DOI: 10.1097/YCT.0000000000000082
    Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) administration rises in frequency with age, with older depressed adults often showing clinical features predictive of good response. Recent reviews suggest that older people experience few if any long-term cognitive adverse effects after contemporary ECT, despite their increased vulnerability to these. However, the broader clinical validity of research findings is not assured as most studies of ECT-related cognitive effects do not discuss cognitive test nonparticipants. This study examines whether cognitive test participants and nonparticipants are comparable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
  16. Srisurapanont M, Hong JP, Tian-Mei S, Hatim A, Liu CY, Udomratn P, et al.
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2013 Dec;5(4):259-67.
    PMID: 24038919 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12104
    The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical features of depression in Asian patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  17. Sidi H, Asmidar D, Hod R, Jaafar NR, Guan NC
    Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 2012 Mar;16(1):41-7.
    PMID: 22122658 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2011.617457
    To determine the risk of hypoactive sexual desire (HSD) in depressed female patients treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, comparing escitalopram and fluoxetine. The associated factors were also examined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology*
  18. Park SC, Lee MS, Shinfuku N, Sartorius N, Park YC
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 2015 Sep;49(9):833-41.
    PMID: 25829482 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415579464
    The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there were gender-specific depressive symptom profiles or gender-specific patterns of psychotropic agent usage in Asian patients with depression.
    Matched MeSH terms: Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
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