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A circular waste bioeconomy development model in the Ecuadorian fishery industry: the impact of government strategy on supply chain integration and smart operations

Negash YT, Sarmiento LSC, Tseng SW, Lim MK, Tseng ML

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 2023 Sep;30(43):98156-98182.
PMID: 37608173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29333-8

This study develops a set of measures to address the interrelationship among circular waste-based bioeconomy (CWBE) attributes, including those of government strategy, digital collaboration, supply chain integration, smart operations, and a green supply chain, to build a circular bioeconomy that feeds fish waste back into the economy. CWBE development is a potential solution to the problem of waste reuse in the fish supply chain; however, this potential remains untapped, and prior studies have failed to provide the criteria to guide its practices. Such an analytical framework requires qualitative assessment, which is subject to uncertainty due to the linguistic preferences of decision makers. Hence, this study adopts the fuzzy Delphi method to obtain a valid set of attributes. A fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation was applied to address the attribute relationships and determine the driving criteria of CWBE development. The results showed that government strategies play a causal role in CWBE development and drive digital collaboration, smart operations, and supply chain integration. The findings also indicated that smart manufacturing technology, organizational policies, market enhancement, supply chain analytics, and operational innovation are drivers of waste integration from fisheries into the circular economy through waste-based bioeconomy processes.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Density dependence explains tree species abundance and diversity in tropical forests

Volkov I, Banavar JR, He F, Hubbell SP, Maritan A

Nature, 2005 Dec 1;438(7068):658-61.
PMID: 16319890

The recurrent patterns in the commonness and rarity of species in ecological communities--the relative species abundance--have puzzled ecologists for more than half a century. Here we show that the framework of the current neutral theory in ecology can easily be generalized to incorporate symmetric density dependence. We can calculate precisely the strength of the rare-species advantage that is needed to explain a given RSA distribution. Previously, we demonstrated that a mechanism of dispersal limitation also fits RSA data well. Here we compare fits of the dispersal and density-dependence mechanisms for empirical RSA data on tree species in six New and Old World tropical forests and show that both mechanisms offer sufficient and independent explanations. We suggest that RSA data cannot by themselves be used to discriminate among these explanations of RSA patterns--empirical studies will be required to determine whether RSA patterns are due to one or the other mechanism, or to some combination of both.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Technology, knowledge systems, population dynamics, and coastal ecosystems

Williams MJ

Ambio, 2002 Jun;31(4):337-9.
PMID: 12174604
Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Malaria elimination: report from the inaugural global forum of countries with potential to eliminate malaria by 2020

Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec., 2017 09 29;92(39):578-86.
PMID: 28960948
Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador/epidemiology
Cross-Situational Self-Consistency in Nine Cultures: The Importance of Separating Influences of Social Norms and Distinctive Dispositions

Locke KD, Church AT, Mastor KA, Curtis GJ, Sadler P, McDonald K, et al.

Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 2017 Jul;43(7):1033-1049.
PMID: 28903706 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217704192

We assessed self-consistency (expressing similar traits in different situations) by having undergraduates in the United States ( n = 230), Australia ( n = 220), Canada ( n = 240), Ecuador ( n = 101), Mexico ( n = 209), Venezuela ( n = 209), Japan ( n = 178), Malaysia ( n = 254), and the Philippines ( n = 241) report the traits they expressed in four different social situations. Self-consistency was positively associated with age, well-being, living in Latin America, and not living in Japan; however, each of these variables showed a unique pattern of associations with various psychologically distinct sources of raw self-consistency, including cross-situationally consistent social norms and injunctions. For example, low consistency between injunctive norms and trait expressions fully explained the low self-consistency in Japan. In accord with trait theory, after removing normative and injunctive sources of consistency, there remained robust distinctive noninjunctive self-consistency (reflecting individuating personality dispositions) in every country, including Japan. The results highlight how clarifying the determinants and implications of self-consistency requires differentiating its distinctive, injunctive, and noninjunctive components.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Fulltext Association between the spread of COVID-19 and weather-climatic parameters

Carta MG, Scano A, Lindert J, Bonanno S, Rinaldi L, Fais S, et al.

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020 08;24(15):8226-8231.
PMID: 32767354 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22512

OBJECTIVE: To explore whether the climate has played a role in the COVID-19 outbreak, we compared virus lethality in countries closer to the Equator with others. Lethality in European territories and in territories of some nations with a non-temperate climate was also compared.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lethality was calculated as the rate of deaths in a determinate moment from the outbreak of the pandemic out of the total of identified positives for COVID-19 in a given area/nation, based on the COVID-John Hopkins University website. Lethality of countries located within the 5th parallels North/South on 6 April and 6 May 2020, was compared with that of all the other countries. Lethality in the European areas of The Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom was also compared to the territories of the same nations in areas with a non-temperate climate.
RESULTS: A lower lethality rate of COVID-19 was found in Equatorial countries both on April 6 (OR=0.72 CI 95% 0.66-0.80) and on May 6 (OR=0.48, CI 95% 0.47-0.51), with a strengthening over time of the protective effect. A trend of higher risk in European vs. non-temperate areas was found on April 6, but a clear difference was evident one month later: France (OR=0.13, CI 95% 0.10-0.18), The Netherlands (OR=0.5, CI 95% 0.3-0.9) and the UK (OR=0.2, CI 95% 0.01-0.51). This result does not seem to be totally related to the differences in age distribution of different sites.
CONCLUSIONS: The study does not seem to exclude that the lethality of COVID-19 may be climate sensitive. Future studies will have to confirm these clues, due to potential confounding factors, such as pollution, population age, and exposure to malaria.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador/epidemiology
Kodamaea transpacifica f.a., sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from ephemeral flowers and insects in the Galapagos Islands and Malaysia: further evidence for ancient human transpacific contacts

Freitas LFD, Barriga EJC, Barahona PP, Lachance MA, Rosa CA

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2013 Nov;63(Pt 11):4324-4329.
PMID: 24014626 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.052282-0

Twenty-four yeast strains were isolated from ephemeral flowers of Ipomoea spp. and Datura sp. and their associated insects in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador, and from Ipomoea spp. and associated insects in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. Sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene indicated that these strains belong to a novel yeast species of the Kodamaea clade, although the formation of ascospores was not observed. The closest relative is Candida restingae. The human-mediated dispersion of this species by transpacific contacts in ancient times is suggested. The name Kodamaea transpacifica f.a., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The type strain is CLQCA-24i-070(T) ( = CBS 12823(T) = NCYC 3852(T)); MycoBank number MB 803609.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Ethnopharmacology of some Buddleja species

Houghton PJ

J Ethnopharmacol, 1984 Aug;11(3):293-308.
PMID: 6482480

Buddleja species play a minor role in the ethnopharmacology of several areas of the world where they are indigenous. Phytochemical investigation of the genus has been somewhat neglected but a picture is emerging of the type of constituents which are present in reasonable quantities, namely iridoid and flavonoid glycosides. Many of the uses of Buddleja in folk medicine such as a topical antiseptic and a diuretic can be partially explained at least by the known biological activity of compounds identical or similar to those found in the genus. Other reputed uses are, as yet, without explantation due to the incomplete state of knowledge of the chemistry and, to an even greater extent, the pharmacology of Buddleja.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Characterization of strains of Weissella fabalis sp. nov. and Fructobacillus tropaeoli from spontaneous cocoa bean fermentations

Snauwaert I, Papalexandratou Z, De Vuyst L, Vandamme P

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2013 May;63(Pt 5):1709-1716.
PMID: 22922535 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.040311-0

Six facultatively anaerobic, non-motile lactic acid bacteria were isolated from spontaneous cocoa bean fermentations carried out in Brazil, Ecuador and Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that one of these strains, designated M75(T), isolated from a Brazilian cocoa bean fermentation, had the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity towards Weissella fabaria LMG 24289(T) (97.7%), W. ghanensis LMG 24286(T) (93.3%) and W. beninensis LMG 25373(T) (93.4%). The remaining lactic acid bacteria isolates, represented by strain M622, showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity towards the type strain of Fructobacillus tropaeoli (99.9%), a recently described species isolated from a flower in South Africa. pheS gene sequence analysis indicated that the former strain represented a novel species, whereas pheS, rpoA and atpA gene sequence analysis indicated that the remaining five strains belonged to F. tropaeoli; these results were confirmed by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments towards their respective nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Additionally, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry proved successful for the identification of species of the genera Weissella and Fructobacillus and for the recognition of the novel species. We propose to classify strain M75(T) ( = LMG 26217(T) = CCUG 61472(T)) as the type strain of the novel species Weissella fabalis sp. nov.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Fulltext Assessment of the yeast species composition of cocoa bean fermentations in different cocoa-producing regions using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

Papalexandratou Z, De Vuyst L

FEMS Yeast Res., 2011 Nov;11(7):564-74.
PMID: 22093683 DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00747.x

The yeast species composition of 12 cocoa bean fermentations carried out in Brazil, Ecuador, Ivory Coast and Malaysia was investigated culture-independently. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 26S rRNA gene fragments, obtained through polymerase chain reaction with universal eukaryotic primers, was carried out with two different commercial apparatus (the DCode and CBS systems). In general, this molecular method allowed a rapid monitoring of the yeast species prevailing during fermentation. Under similar and optimal denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis conditions, the CBS system allowed a better separated band pattern than the DCode system and an unambiguous detection of the prevailing species present in the fermentation samples. The most frequent yeast species were Hanseniaspora sp., followed by Pichia kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, independent of the origin of the cocoa. This indicates a restricted yeast species composition of the cocoa bean fermentation process. Exceptionally, the Ivorian cocoa bean box fermentation samples showed a wider yeast species composition, with Hyphopichia burtonii and Meyerozyma caribbica among the main representatives. Yeasts were not detected in the samples when the temperature inside the fermenting cocoa pulp-bean mass reached values higher than 45 °C or under early acetic acid production conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
New approaches for estimating the demand for children

Lightbourne R

Popul Bull UN, 1987.
PMID: 12315520
Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador
Paragonimus and paragonimiasis

Yokogawa M

Adv Parasitol, 1969;7:375-87.
PMID: 4935271
Matched MeSH terms: Ecuador