Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 237 in total

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  1. Presidential Address: Medical ethics
    Gilmour CCB
    Malayan Medical Journal, 1936;11:63-6.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical
  2. Defining Malaysia's health research ethics system through a stakeholder driven approach
    Tackett S, Ng CJ, Sugarman J, Daniel EGS, Gopalan N, Tivyashinee T, et al.
    Dev World Bioeth, 2024 Jun;24(2):74-83.
    PMID: 36861660 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12396
    The need to understand the systems that support ethical health research has long been recognized, but there are limited descriptions of actual health research ethics (HRE) systems. Using participatory network mapping methods, we empirically defined Malaysia's HRE system. 13 Malaysian stakeholders identified 4 overarching and 25 specific HRE system functions and 35 actors internal and 3 external to the Malaysian HRE system responsible for those functions. Functions requiring the most attention were: advising on legislation related to HRE; optimizing research value to society; and defining standards for HRE oversight. Internal actors with the greatest potential for more influence were: the national network of research ethics committees; non-institution-based research ethics committees; and research participants. The World Health Organization, an external actor, had the largest untapped potential for influence overall. In summary, this stakeholder-driven process identified HRE system functions and actors that could be targeted to increase HRE system capacity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research*; Ethics, Research*; Biomedical Research/ethics
  3. Editorial: MMA and the public
    Sandosham AA
    Med J Malaysia, 1974 Mar;28(3):133-4.
    PMID: 4278067
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*
  4. The integrity of medicine
    SREENIVASAN BR
    Med J Malaya, 1957 Jun;11(4):312-4.
    PMID: 13482569
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*
  5. Comment on Fincham editorial: drug promotion: the need to teach future healthcare practitioners
    Jamshed SQ
    Int J Pharm Pract, 2014 Jun;22(3):234-5.
    PMID: 24825117 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12072
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Industry/ethics*; Pharmaceutical Services/ethics*
  6. Clinical Ethics in Pediatrics: An International Perspective
    Lantos JD, Saleem S, Raza F, Syltern J, Khoo EJ, Iyengar A, et al.
    J Clin Ethics, 2019 3 22;30(1):35-45.
    PMID: 30896442
    In this article, we first review the development of clinical ethics in pediatrics in the United States. We report that, over the last 40 years, most children's hospitals have ethics committees but that those committees are rarely consulted. We speculate that the reasons for the paucity of ethics consults might be because ethical dilemmas are aired in other venues. The role of the ethics consultant, then, might be to shape the institutional climate and create safe spaces for the discussion of difficult and sometimes contentious issues. Finally, we report how pediatric clinical ethics has evolved differently in a number of other countries around the world.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Institutional; Ethics Committees; Ethics, Clinical*; Ethics Committees, Clinical
  7. Towards a balanced approach to identifying conflicts of interest faced by institutional review boards
    Kaur S, Balan S
    Theor Med Bioeth, 2015 Oct;36(5):341-61.
    PMID: 26438122 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-015-9339-3
    The welfare and protection of human subjects is critical to the integrity of clinical investigation and research. Institutional review boards (IRBs) were thus set up to be impartial reviewers of research protocols in clinical research. Their main role is to stand between the investigator and her human subjects in order to ensure that the welfare of human subjects are protected. While there is much literature on the conflicts of interest (CIs) faced by investigators and researchers in clinical investigations, an area that is less explored is CIs that may affect members of IRBs during the institutional ethics review of clinical investigations. This article examines the notion of CIs in clinical research and attempts to develop a framework for a clearer and more balanced approach to identifying CIs that may influence members of IRBs and impede their independence. It will also apply the proposed framework to demonstrate how IRBs possess, or at least may appear to possess, forms of financial CIs and non-financial CIs. The proper identification and management of these CIs is critical to preserving the integrity of clinical investigations and achieving the primary aim of human subjects protection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research/standards; Ethics Committees, Research/trends; Ethics Committees, Research/ethics*; Biomedical Research/ethics*
  8. Ethical challenges of conducting and reviewing human genomics research in Malaysia: An exploratory study
    Zee TW, Abdul Aziz MFB, Wei PC
    Dev World Bioeth, 2024 Dec;24(4):331-341.
    PMID: 37997006 DOI: 10.1111/dewb.12435
    Even though there is a significant amount of scholarly work examining the ethical issues surrounding human genomics research, little is known about its footing in Malaysia. This study aims to explore the experience of local researchers and research ethics committee (REC) members in developing it in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were conducted from April to May 2021, and the data were thematically analysed. In advancing this technology, both genomics researchers and REC members have concerns over how this research is being developed in the country especially the absence of a clear ethical and regulatory framework at the national level as a guidance. However, this study argues that it is not a salient issue as there are international guidelines in existence and both researchers and RECs will benefit from a training on the guidelines to ensure genomics research can be developed in an ethical manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research*; Ethics, Research*; Biomedical Research/ethics; Genetic Research/ethics
  9. Fulltext ISPOR Code of Ethics 2017 (4th Edition)
    Santos J, Palumbo F, Molsen-David E, Willke RJ, Binder L, Drummond M, et al.
    Value Health, 2017 12;20(10):1227-1242.
    PMID: 29241881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.10.018
    As the leading health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) professional society, ISPOR has a responsibility to establish a uniform, harmonized international code for ethical conduct. ISPOR has updated its 2008 Code of Ethics to reflect the current research environment. This code addresses what is acceptable and unacceptable in research, from inception to the dissemination of its results. There are nine chapters: 1 - Introduction; 2 - Ethical Principles respect, beneficence and justice with reference to a non-exhaustive compilation of international, regional, and country-specific guidelines and standards; 3 - Scope HEOR definitions and how HEOR and the Code relate to other research fields; 4 - Research Design Considerations primary and secondary data related issues, e.g., participant recruitment, population and research setting, sample size/site selection, incentive/honorarium, administration databases, registration of retrospective observational studies and modeling studies; 5 - Data Considerations privacy and data protection, combining, verification and transparency of research data, scientific misconduct, etc.; 6 - Sponsorship and Relationships with Others (roles of researchers, sponsors, key opinion leaders and advisory board members, research participants and institutional review boards (IRBs) / independent ethics committees (IECs) approval and responsibilities); 7 - Patient Centricity and Patient Engagement new addition, with explanation and guidance; 8 - Publication and Dissemination; and 9 - Conclusion and Limitations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/ethics*; Codes of Ethics*; Ethics, Research*
  10. Halal pharmaceutical industry: opportunities and challenges
    Nor Norazmi M, Lim LS
    Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 2015 Aug;36(8):496-7.
    PMID: 26187623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.006
    The expanding global Muslim population has increased the demand for halal pharmaceuticals. However, there are several challenges for this emerging niche industry, foremost of which is the need to establish a proper, well-regulated, and harmonized accreditation and halal management system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Certification/ethics; Drug Industry/ethics*
  11. Fulltext Panel Dataset of Ethical Commitment Disclosures in Malaysia
    Hashim HA, Abidin AFZ, Salleh Z, Devi SS
    Data Brief, 2020 Jun;30:105624.
    PMID: 32395587 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105624
    Panel dataset in this article contains information on the ethical commitment disclosures of Malaysian publicly listed companies. The data presented is related to the research article entitled "Ethical Practice Disclosure of Malaysian Public Listed Companies" [1]. In examining the level of ethical commitment disclosures, content analysis is performed involving 1,115 annual reports for five year periods (2012 - 2016). The annual reports are gathered from Main Market of Bursa Malaysia website. Information on ethical commitment disclosures are extracted from the annual reports. The data are collected using Ethical Commitment Index (ECI) comprising six themes; corporate ethics values, action to promote ethics, whistle-blowing policy, code of ethics, sustainability practices, and ethics committee. This dataset is useful as an indicator of the companies' ethical commitment reflecting ethical climate in Malaysian public listed companies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees; Codes of Ethics; Ethics, Business
  12. Ethical deliberations on video recording of patients in healthcare facilities- a scoping review
    Zainal Abidin H, Razali HYH
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Nov;79(6):785-793.
    PMID: 39614799
    INTRODUCTION: The modern healthcare landscape with the emergence of video recording, has found applications in research, training, audit, quality improvement, and safety surveillance. Notably, advancements in camera technology have led to the development of smaller, lighter devices, enabling discreet usage and enhancing usability in clinical settings. Its adoption represents more than technological advancement; it entails a complex balance between improving patient care and respecting individual rights. Ethical considerations surrounding patient privacy, ownership of recordings, patient autonomy and healthcare provider responsibilities have garnered significant attention. In Malaysia, the adoption of video recordings in clinical interactions and consultations has been accepted in research, training and several medical fields. However, recording patients during clinical practice can be challenging, as there are scarce ethical guidelines for its practice. This review aims to gather and categorise the ethical challenges associated with recording videos of patients in healthcare facilities globally and identify research gaps specific to Malaysian healthcare settings. By addressing the ethical challenges globally, we can ensure the responsible and ethical use of video recording technology to enhance patient care while respecting individual rights.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles from Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases were collected following PRISMA guidelines. Key term searches included "video recording," "ethical issues," and "patients." Inclusion criteria encompassed video and audio recording interactions between healthcare providers and patients in any clinical setting, final publications, and the English language. Exclusions were imaging or photography recording and non-clinical settings. The qualitative synthesis involved iterative reading, thematic coding analysis in Excel, and specific analysis to address the research question.

    RESULTS: Initial database search, identified 363 records. After screening, a total of 22 articles were included for analysis. Five themes were identified from the selected articles: i) privacy and confidentiality, ii) informed consent, iii) beneficence and non-maleficence, iv) integrity and professionalism and v) governance, policy and legal framework. Majority of the reviewed articles concentrate on backgrounds within the fields of psychiatry, neurology and surgical-based medical specialities. The identified themes have demonstrated consistency across the majority of the articles analysed. Among the most frequently discussed themes, it's evident that ethical concerns extend beyond just the patient's realm to encompass the responsibilities of the healthcare provider (HCP) as well. Both patients and HCPs have their respective rights and responsibilities in ensuring the ethical use of video recording in clinical settings.

    CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this review has highlighted the multifaceted ethical challenges surrounding the integration of video recording in healthcare settings. While video recording offers benefits for patient care, education, and quality improvement, its adoption presents complexities. Ethical dilemmas concerning patient privacy, consent, and data management must be addressed alongside practical barriers like technological limitations and resource constraints. Collaboration among healthcare providers, policymakers, and stakeholders is crucial to navigating these challenges ethically. Future research should delve into patient perspectives, develop ethical guidelines, and assess the impact of video recording on patient outcomes. By understanding these implications, healthcare can effectively leverage video recording to improve patient care while maintaining ethical standards.

    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/ethics; Health Facilities/ethics
  13. The health professionals' right to refuse: is it good, bad or ugly?
    Ahmadi K, Hasan SS, Ahmadi K
    Int J Pharm Pract, 2015 Feb;23(1):92.
    PMID: 25594319 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12121
    Matched MeSH terms: Patient Care/ethics*; Health Personnel/ethics*; Refusal to Treat/ethics*
  14. Is there a need for a national medical ethics committee
    Devaraj TP
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Aug;55 Suppl B:38-42.
    PMID: 11125520
    To answer the question posed the terms of reference of local ethical committees as well as a few from overseas were reviewed. It was noted that these committees were established by various professional bodies and functioned independently. Guidelines for ethical practice and conduct were made available to the profession with compliance left to the individual doctor. Amongst the many ethical issues of concern both to the public and the profession was that of self regulation. It is being suggested that these concerns be addressed rather then set up a national body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*; Ethics Committees*
  15. Islamic moral judgement on abortion and its nursing applications: expository analysis
    Mohamad Ismail MF, Abdullahi Hashi A, Bin Nurumal MS, Bin Md Isa ML
    Enferm Clin, 2018 Feb;28 Suppl 1:212-216.
    PMID: 29650189 DOI: 10.1016/S1130-8621(18)30070-6
    Health workers, like nurses are tasked to save the lives of their patients, however, there are instances in which health workers have to deal with difficult cases in taking a life, such as abortion. Scholars in the field of healthcare assert that abortion is morally justified if it is sought for health reasons. Nevertheless, there are a number of cases in which abortion is sought on other grounds other than health, such as the individual choice to do so. Can a nurse refuse to provide their professional service towards these people? This paper uses analytical and comparative methods to address ethical issues in abortion from the Islamic and conventional perspectives. Nursing implication: Since the nurses instruct and assist people in forming a decision as they engage in nursing care, utilising a comprehensive view of abortion based on Islamic sources would provide a foundation in Muslim perspectives as they interact with Muslim patients. The subject area to investigate the degree of knowledge among nurses regarding the Islamic moral judgement on this event is extremely recommended for future management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abortion, Induced/ethics*; Ethics, Nursing*
  16. Fulltext Is autonomy a universal value of human existence? Scope of autonomy in medical practice: a comparative study between western medical ethics and islamic medical ethics
    Rathor MY, Azarisman Shah MS, Hasmoni MH
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2016;15(1):81-88.
    MyJurnal
    The practice of contemporary medicine has been tremendously influenced by western ideas and it is assumed by many that autonomy is a universal value of human existence. In the World Health Report 2000, the World Health Organization (WHO) considered autonomy a “universal” value of human life against which every health system in the world should be judged. Further in Western bioethics, patient autonomy and self -determination prevails in all sectors of social and personal life, a concept unacceptable to some cultures. In principle, there are challenges to the universal validity of autonomy, individualism and secularism, as most non-Western cultures are proud of their communal relations and spiritualistic ethos and, thereby imposing Western beliefs and practices as aforementioned can have deleterious consequences. Religion lies at the heart of most cultures which influences the practice patterns of medical professionals in both visible and unconscious ways. However, religion is mostly viewed by scientists as mystical and without scientific proof. Herein lies the dilemma, whether medical professionals should respect the cultural and religious beliefs of their patients? In this paper we aim to discuss some of the limitations of patient's autonomy by comparing the process of reasoning in western medical ethics and Islamic medical ethics, in order to examine the possibility and desirability of arriving at a single, unitary and universally acceptable notion of medical ethics. We propose a more flexible viewpoint that accommodates different cultural and religious values in interpreting autonomy and applying it in an increasingly multilingual and multicultural, contemporaneous society in order to provide the highest level of care possible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical
  17. Fulltext Ethics, professionalism and the "trade"
    Rajakumar MK
    National Conference on Managed Care, 1996.
    Republished in: Republished in: Teng CL, Khoo EM, Ng CJ (editors). Family Medicine, Healthcare and Society: Essays by Dr M K Rajakumar, Second Edition. Kuala Lumpur: Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia, 2019: 99-102
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics
  18. Fulltext Emerging Experiences with Virtual Clinical Ethics Consultation: Case Studies from the United States and Malaysia
    Mubarak E, Kaur S, Min MTK, Hughes MT, Rushton CH, Ali J
    J Clin Ethics, 2023;34(1):51-57.
    PMID: 36940355 DOI: 10.1086/723317
    AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has inspired numerous opportunities for telehealth implementation to meet diverse healthcare needs, including the use of virtual communication platforms to facilitate the growth of and access to clinical ethics consultation (CEC) services across the globe. Here we discuss the conceptualization and implementation of two different virtual CEC services that arose during the COVID-19 pandemic: the Clinical Ethics Malaysia COVID-19 Consultation Service and the Johns Hopkins Hospital Ethics Committee and Consultation Service. A common strength experienced by both platforms during virtual delivery included improved ability for local practitioners to address consultation needs for patient populations otherwise unable to access CEC services in their respective locations. Additionally, virtual platforms allowed for enhanced collaboration and sharing of expertise among ethics consultants. Both contexts encountered numerous challenges related to patient care delivery during the pandemic. The use of virtual technologies resulted in decreased personalization of patient-provider communication. We discuss these challenges with respect to contextual differences specific to each service and setting, including differences in CEC needs, sociocultural norms, resource availability, populations served, consultation service visibility, healthcare infrastructure, and funding disparities. Through lessons learned from a health system in the United States and a national service in Malaysia, we provide key recommendations for health practitioners and clinical ethics consultants to leverage virtual communication platforms to mitigate existing inequities in patient care delivery and increase capacity for CEC globally.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Clinical*; Ethics Consultation*
  19. Religion and waste
    Fatimah Mohamad Z, Idris N, Baharuddin A
    Waste Manag, 2011 Sep-Oct;31(9-10):1905-6.
    PMID: 21763121 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.013
    Matched MeSH terms: Recycling/ethics*
  20. Is There a Role for Publication Consultants and How Should Their Contribution be Recognized?
    Kendall G, Yee A, McCollum B
    Sci Eng Ethics, 2016 10;22(5):1553-1560.
    PMID: 26480965
    When a scientific paper, dissertation or thesis is published the author(s) have a duty to report who has contributed to the work. This recognition can take several forms such as authorship, relevant acknowledgments and by citing previous work. There is a growing industry where publication consultants will work with authors, research groups or even institutions to help get their work published, or help submit their dissertation/thesis. This help can range from proof reading, data collection, analysis (including statistics), helping with the literature review and identifying suitable journals/conferences. In this opinion article we question whether these external services are required, given that institutions should provide this support and that experienced researchers should be qualified to carry out these activities. If these services are used, we argue that their use should at least be made transparent either by the consultant being an author on the paper, or by being acknowledged on the paper, dissertation or thesis. We also argue that publication consultants should provide an annual return that details the papers, dissertations and thesis that they have consulted on.
    Matched MeSH terms: Publications/ethics*
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