MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a pilot study of N=50 women, who were planning for IVF treatment in University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from July to December 2023. Women without prior nutritional treatment were consented and assigned to either the multinutrient supplementation (Omega 3, coenzyme Q10, folic acid, selenium, vitamin E, catechins) as the study group or 5mg folic acid daily as control group for at least a month prior to their IVF treatment. All women were treated using an antagonist protocol and ovarian stimulation was started with 200 -300IU of urinary HMG and or recombinant FSH. Antagonists (Ganirelix) commenced when the leading follicle reached a diameter of 11 mm. Triggering with hCG or GnRH agonist when at least 3 follicles of 17 mm in diameter were achieved. Oocyte retrieval was performed 36th hour after trigger. Conventional IVF/ICSI was used for fertilisation. All parameters recorded and analysed using SPSS.
RESULTS: The mean age (36.44 ± 3.33 vs 35.32 ± 3.47 years) and body mass index (25.28 ± 4.12 vs 24.80 ± 4.36 kg/m2) of women in multinutrient supplementation group was similar to control group. The Follicular Output Rate (FORT) in women on multinutrient supplementation showed a trend towards benefit compared to control group, although it is not statistically significant (68.12 ± 19.47 vs 64.91 ± 20.06, p=0.493). The mean number of MII oocytes retrieved from mature follicles and number of good quality embryo on day 3 after fertilisation were not statistically significant between the two groups (6.65 ±3.84 vs 6.09 ± 3.01, p=0.626 and 4.00 ± 3.10 vs 3.45 ± 2.30, p=0.549, respectively). In addition, there were no differences in endometrial thickness before embryo transfer in both groups (10.35 ± 1.32mm vs 10.36 ± 2.04mm, p=0.320). However, the total dose of follicle stimulating hormone and duration of controlled ovarian stimulation were lower in the study group compared to control group (2410 ± 656.82 IU vs 2706.82 ± 536.15 IU, p= 0.119 and 8.90 ± 2.13 days vs 9.68 ± 1.29 days, p=0.164, respectively).
CONCLUSION: A multinutrient supplementation given for a minimum of 28 days, may have a positive effect on FORT and lower use of gonadotropin. More and larger sample research is warranted to prove this effect.
METHODS: In a randomised double-blind controlled, parallel, multicountry intervention study, 767 healthy children, ages 11 to 29 months, received GUM with scGOS/lcFOS/LCPUFAs (the active group, n = 388), GUM without scGOS/lcFOS/LCPUFAs (the control group, n = 379), or cow's milk (n = 37) for 52 weeks. The primary outcome measure was the number of episodes of upper respiratory tract infections or gastrointestinal infections based on a combination of subject's illness symptoms reported by the parents during the intervention period.
RESULTS: Children in the active group compared with the control group had a decreased risk of developing at least 1 infection (299/388 [77%] vs 313/379 [83%], respectively, relative risk 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-1.00; logistic regression P = 0.03). There was a trend toward a reduction (P = 0.07) in the total number of infections in the active group, which was significant when confirmed by one of the investigators (268/388 [69%] vs 293/379 [77%], respectively, relative risk 0.89, 95% CI 0.82-0.97; P = 0.004, post hoc). More infectious episodes were observed in the cow's milk group, when compared with both GUM groups (34/37 [92%] vs 612/767 [80%], respectively, relative risk 1.15, 95% CI 1.04-1.28).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in children to show a reduced risk of infection following consumption of GUM supplemented with scGOS/lcFOS/n-3 LCPUFAs. The borderline statistical significance justifies a new study to confirm this finding.
METHODS: An exhaustive literature search was performed, in order to identify the relevant studies describing the epidemiology, pathogenesis, nutritional intervention and outcome of PEW in ESRD on hemodialysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The pathogenesis of PEW is multifactorial. Loss of appetite, reduced intake of nutrients and altered lean body mass anabolism/catabolism play a key role. Nutritional approach to PEW should be based on a careful and periodic assessment of nutritional status and on timely dietary counseling. When protein and energy intakes are reduced, nutritional supplementation by means of specific oral formulations administered during the hemodialysis session may be the first-step intervention, and represents a valid nutritional approach to PEW prevention and treatment since it is easy, effective and safe. Omega-3 fatty acids and fibers, now included in commercially available preparations for renal patients, could lend relevant added value to macronutrient supplementation. When oral supplementation fails, intradialytic parenteral nutrition can be implemented in selected patients.